2 * linux/arch/x86-64/kernel/process.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
6 * Pentium III FXSR, SSE support
7 * Gareth Hughes <gareth@valinux.com>, May 2000
12 * CPU hotplug support - ashok.raj@intel.com
16 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of process handling..
21 #include <linux/cpu.h>
22 #include <linux/errno.h>
23 #include <linux/sched.h>
24 #include <linux/kernel.h>
26 #include <linux/elfcore.h>
27 #include <linux/smp.h>
28 #include <linux/slab.h>
29 #include <linux/user.h>
30 #include <linux/module.h>
31 #include <linux/a.out.h>
32 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
33 #include <linux/delay.h>
34 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
35 #include <linux/utsname.h>
36 #include <linux/random.h>
37 #include <linux/notifier.h>
38 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
40 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
41 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
42 #include <asm/system.h>
44 #include <asm/processor.h>
46 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
48 #include <asm/prctl.h>
49 #include <asm/kdebug.h>
51 #include <asm/proto.h>
55 asmlinkage extern void ret_from_fork(void);
57 unsigned long kernel_thread_flags = CLONE_VM | CLONE_UNTRACED;
59 unsigned long boot_option_idle_override = 0;
60 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_option_idle_override);
63 * Powermanagement idle function, if any..
65 void (*pm_idle)(void);
66 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pm_idle);
67 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned int, cpu_idle_state);
69 static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(idle_notifier);
71 void idle_notifier_register(struct notifier_block *n)
73 atomic_notifier_chain_register(&idle_notifier, n);
75 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(idle_notifier_register);
77 void idle_notifier_unregister(struct notifier_block *n)
79 atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&idle_notifier, n);
81 EXPORT_SYMBOL(idle_notifier_unregister);
86 atomic_notifier_call_chain(&idle_notifier, IDLE_START, NULL);
89 static void __exit_idle(void)
91 if (test_and_clear_bit_pda(0, isidle) == 0)
93 atomic_notifier_call_chain(&idle_notifier, IDLE_END, NULL);
96 /* Called from interrupts to signify idle end */
99 /* idle loop has pid 0 */
106 * We use this if we don't have any better
109 static void default_idle(void)
111 current_thread_info()->status &= ~TS_POLLING;
113 * TS_POLLING-cleared state must be visible before we
118 if (!need_resched()) {
119 /* Enables interrupts one instruction before HLT.
120 x86 special cases this so there is no race. */
124 current_thread_info()->status |= TS_POLLING;
128 * On SMP it's slightly faster (but much more power-consuming!)
129 * to poll the ->need_resched flag instead of waiting for the
130 * cross-CPU IPI to arrive. Use this option with caution.
132 static void poll_idle (void)
138 void cpu_idle_wait(void)
140 unsigned int cpu, this_cpu = get_cpu();
141 cpumask_t map, tmp = current->cpus_allowed;
143 set_cpus_allowed(current, cpumask_of_cpu(this_cpu));
147 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
148 per_cpu(cpu_idle_state, cpu) = 1;
152 __get_cpu_var(cpu_idle_state) = 0;
157 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
158 if (cpu_isset(cpu, map) &&
159 !per_cpu(cpu_idle_state, cpu))
162 cpus_and(map, map, cpu_online_map);
163 } while (!cpus_empty(map));
165 set_cpus_allowed(current, tmp);
167 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpu_idle_wait);
169 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
170 DECLARE_PER_CPU(int, cpu_state);
173 /* We halt the CPU with physical CPU hotplug */
174 static inline void play_dead(void)
180 __get_cpu_var(cpu_state) = CPU_DEAD;
187 static inline void play_dead(void)
191 #endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
194 * The idle thread. There's no useful work to be
195 * done, so just try to conserve power and have a
196 * low exit latency (ie sit in a loop waiting for
197 * somebody to say that they'd like to reschedule)
201 current_thread_info()->status |= TS_POLLING;
202 /* endless idle loop with no priority at all */
204 while (!need_resched()) {
207 if (__get_cpu_var(cpu_idle_state))
208 __get_cpu_var(cpu_idle_state) = 0;
214 if (cpu_is_offline(smp_processor_id()))
217 * Idle routines should keep interrupts disabled
218 * from here on, until they go to idle.
219 * Otherwise, idle callbacks can misfire.
224 /* In many cases the interrupt that ended idle
225 has already called exit_idle. But some idle
226 loops can be woken up without interrupt. */
230 preempt_enable_no_resched();
237 * This uses new MONITOR/MWAIT instructions on P4 processors with PNI,
238 * which can obviate IPI to trigger checking of need_resched.
239 * We execute MONITOR against need_resched and enter optimized wait state
240 * through MWAIT. Whenever someone changes need_resched, we would be woken
241 * up from MWAIT (without an IPI).
243 * New with Core Duo processors, MWAIT can take some hints based on CPU
246 void mwait_idle_with_hints(unsigned long eax, unsigned long ecx)
248 if (!need_resched()) {
249 __monitor((void *)¤t_thread_info()->flags, 0, 0);
256 /* Default MONITOR/MWAIT with no hints, used for default C1 state */
257 static void mwait_idle(void)
259 if (!need_resched()) {
260 __monitor((void *)¤t_thread_info()->flags, 0, 0);
271 void __cpuinit select_idle_routine(const struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
274 if (cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_MWAIT)) {
276 * Skip, if setup has overridden idle.
277 * One CPU supports mwait => All CPUs supports mwait
281 printk("using mwait in idle threads.\n");
284 pm_idle = mwait_idle;
289 static int __init idle_setup (char *str)
291 if (!strncmp(str, "poll", 4)) {
292 printk("using polling idle threads.\n");
296 boot_option_idle_override = 1;
300 __setup("idle=", idle_setup);
302 /* Prints also some state that isn't saved in the pt_regs */
303 void __show_regs(struct pt_regs * regs)
305 unsigned long cr0 = 0L, cr2 = 0L, cr3 = 0L, cr4 = 0L, fs, gs, shadowgs;
306 unsigned int fsindex,gsindex;
307 unsigned int ds,cs,es;
311 printk("Pid: %d, comm: %.20s %s %s %.*s\n",
312 current->pid, current->comm, print_tainted(),
313 init_utsname()->release,
314 (int)strcspn(init_utsname()->version, " "),
315 init_utsname()->version);
316 printk("RIP: %04lx:[<%016lx>] ", regs->cs & 0xffff, regs->rip);
317 printk_address(regs->rip);
318 printk("RSP: %04lx:%016lx EFLAGS: %08lx\n", regs->ss, regs->rsp,
320 printk("RAX: %016lx RBX: %016lx RCX: %016lx\n",
321 regs->rax, regs->rbx, regs->rcx);
322 printk("RDX: %016lx RSI: %016lx RDI: %016lx\n",
323 regs->rdx, regs->rsi, regs->rdi);
324 printk("RBP: %016lx R08: %016lx R09: %016lx\n",
325 regs->rbp, regs->r8, regs->r9);
326 printk("R10: %016lx R11: %016lx R12: %016lx\n",
327 regs->r10, regs->r11, regs->r12);
328 printk("R13: %016lx R14: %016lx R15: %016lx\n",
329 regs->r13, regs->r14, regs->r15);
331 asm("movl %%ds,%0" : "=r" (ds));
332 asm("movl %%cs,%0" : "=r" (cs));
333 asm("movl %%es,%0" : "=r" (es));
334 asm("movl %%fs,%0" : "=r" (fsindex));
335 asm("movl %%gs,%0" : "=r" (gsindex));
337 rdmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE, fs);
338 rdmsrl(MSR_GS_BASE, gs);
339 rdmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, shadowgs);
341 asm("movq %%cr0, %0": "=r" (cr0));
342 asm("movq %%cr2, %0": "=r" (cr2));
343 asm("movq %%cr3, %0": "=r" (cr3));
344 asm("movq %%cr4, %0": "=r" (cr4));
346 printk("FS: %016lx(%04x) GS:%016lx(%04x) knlGS:%016lx\n",
347 fs,fsindex,gs,gsindex,shadowgs);
348 printk("CS: %04x DS: %04x ES: %04x CR0: %016lx\n", cs, ds, es, cr0);
349 printk("CR2: %016lx CR3: %016lx CR4: %016lx\n", cr2, cr3, cr4);
352 void show_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
354 printk("CPU %d:", smp_processor_id());
356 show_trace(NULL, regs, (void *)(regs + 1));
360 * Free current thread data structures etc..
362 void exit_thread(void)
364 struct task_struct *me = current;
365 struct thread_struct *t = &me->thread;
367 if (me->thread.io_bitmap_ptr) {
368 struct tss_struct *tss = &per_cpu(init_tss, get_cpu());
370 kfree(t->io_bitmap_ptr);
371 t->io_bitmap_ptr = NULL;
372 clear_thread_flag(TIF_IO_BITMAP);
374 * Careful, clear this in the TSS too:
376 memset(tss->io_bitmap, 0xff, t->io_bitmap_max);
377 t->io_bitmap_max = 0;
382 void flush_thread(void)
384 struct task_struct *tsk = current;
385 struct thread_info *t = current_thread_info();
387 if (t->flags & _TIF_ABI_PENDING) {
388 t->flags ^= (_TIF_ABI_PENDING | _TIF_IA32);
389 if (t->flags & _TIF_IA32)
390 current_thread_info()->status |= TS_COMPAT;
392 t->flags &= ~_TIF_DEBUG;
394 tsk->thread.debugreg0 = 0;
395 tsk->thread.debugreg1 = 0;
396 tsk->thread.debugreg2 = 0;
397 tsk->thread.debugreg3 = 0;
398 tsk->thread.debugreg6 = 0;
399 tsk->thread.debugreg7 = 0;
400 memset(tsk->thread.tls_array, 0, sizeof(tsk->thread.tls_array));
402 * Forget coprocessor state..
408 void release_thread(struct task_struct *dead_task)
411 if (dead_task->mm->context.size) {
412 printk("WARNING: dead process %8s still has LDT? <%p/%d>\n",
414 dead_task->mm->context.ldt,
415 dead_task->mm->context.size);
421 static inline void set_32bit_tls(struct task_struct *t, int tls, u32 addr)
423 struct user_desc ud = {
430 struct n_desc_struct *desc = (void *)t->thread.tls_array;
432 desc->a = LDT_entry_a(&ud);
433 desc->b = LDT_entry_b(&ud);
436 static inline u32 read_32bit_tls(struct task_struct *t, int tls)
438 struct desc_struct *desc = (void *)t->thread.tls_array;
441 (((u32)desc->base1) << 16) |
442 (((u32)desc->base2) << 24);
446 * This gets called before we allocate a new thread and copy
447 * the current task into it.
449 void prepare_to_copy(struct task_struct *tsk)
454 int copy_thread(int nr, unsigned long clone_flags, unsigned long rsp,
455 unsigned long unused,
456 struct task_struct * p, struct pt_regs * regs)
459 struct pt_regs * childregs;
460 struct task_struct *me = current;
462 childregs = ((struct pt_regs *)
463 (THREAD_SIZE + task_stack_page(p))) - 1;
467 childregs->rsp = rsp;
469 childregs->rsp = (unsigned long)childregs;
471 p->thread.rsp = (unsigned long) childregs;
472 p->thread.rsp0 = (unsigned long) (childregs+1);
473 p->thread.userrsp = me->thread.userrsp;
475 set_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_FORK);
477 p->thread.fs = me->thread.fs;
478 p->thread.gs = me->thread.gs;
480 asm("mov %%gs,%0" : "=m" (p->thread.gsindex));
481 asm("mov %%fs,%0" : "=m" (p->thread.fsindex));
482 asm("mov %%es,%0" : "=m" (p->thread.es));
483 asm("mov %%ds,%0" : "=m" (p->thread.ds));
485 if (unlikely(test_tsk_thread_flag(me, TIF_IO_BITMAP))) {
486 p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr = kmalloc(IO_BITMAP_BYTES, GFP_KERNEL);
487 if (!p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr) {
488 p->thread.io_bitmap_max = 0;
491 memcpy(p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr, me->thread.io_bitmap_ptr,
493 set_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_IO_BITMAP);
497 * Set a new TLS for the child thread?
499 if (clone_flags & CLONE_SETTLS) {
500 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
501 if (test_thread_flag(TIF_IA32))
502 err = ia32_child_tls(p, childregs);
505 err = do_arch_prctl(p, ARCH_SET_FS, childregs->r8);
511 if (err && p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr) {
512 kfree(p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr);
513 p->thread.io_bitmap_max = 0;
519 * This special macro can be used to load a debugging register
521 #define loaddebug(thread,r) set_debugreg(thread->debugreg ## r, r)
523 static inline void __switch_to_xtra(struct task_struct *prev_p,
524 struct task_struct *next_p,
525 struct tss_struct *tss)
527 struct thread_struct *prev, *next;
529 prev = &prev_p->thread,
530 next = &next_p->thread;
532 if (test_tsk_thread_flag(next_p, TIF_DEBUG)) {
542 if (test_tsk_thread_flag(next_p, TIF_IO_BITMAP)) {
544 * Copy the relevant range of the IO bitmap.
545 * Normally this is 128 bytes or less:
547 memcpy(tss->io_bitmap, next->io_bitmap_ptr,
548 max(prev->io_bitmap_max, next->io_bitmap_max));
549 } else if (test_tsk_thread_flag(prev_p, TIF_IO_BITMAP)) {
551 * Clear any possible leftover bits:
553 memset(tss->io_bitmap, 0xff, prev->io_bitmap_max);
558 * switch_to(x,y) should switch tasks from x to y.
560 * This could still be optimized:
561 * - fold all the options into a flag word and test it with a single test.
562 * - could test fs/gs bitsliced
564 * Kprobes not supported here. Set the probe on schedule instead.
566 __kprobes struct task_struct *
567 __switch_to(struct task_struct *prev_p, struct task_struct *next_p)
569 struct thread_struct *prev = &prev_p->thread,
570 *next = &next_p->thread;
571 int cpu = smp_processor_id();
572 struct tss_struct *tss = &per_cpu(init_tss, cpu);
574 /* we're going to use this soon, after a few expensive things */
575 if (next_p->fpu_counter>5)
576 prefetch(&next->i387.fxsave);
579 * Reload esp0, LDT and the page table pointer:
581 tss->rsp0 = next->rsp0;
585 * This won't pick up thread selector changes, but I guess that is ok.
587 asm volatile("mov %%es,%0" : "=m" (prev->es));
588 if (unlikely(next->es | prev->es))
589 loadsegment(es, next->es);
591 asm volatile ("mov %%ds,%0" : "=m" (prev->ds));
592 if (unlikely(next->ds | prev->ds))
593 loadsegment(ds, next->ds);
602 asm volatile("movl %%fs,%0" : "=r" (fsindex));
603 /* segment register != 0 always requires a reload.
604 also reload when it has changed.
605 when prev process used 64bit base always reload
606 to avoid an information leak. */
607 if (unlikely(fsindex | next->fsindex | prev->fs)) {
608 loadsegment(fs, next->fsindex);
609 /* check if the user used a selector != 0
610 * if yes clear 64bit base, since overloaded base
611 * is always mapped to the Null selector
616 /* when next process has a 64bit base use it */
618 wrmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE, next->fs);
619 prev->fsindex = fsindex;
623 asm volatile("movl %%gs,%0" : "=r" (gsindex));
624 if (unlikely(gsindex | next->gsindex | prev->gs)) {
625 load_gs_index(next->gsindex);
630 wrmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, next->gs);
631 prev->gsindex = gsindex;
634 /* Must be after DS reload */
638 * Switch the PDA and FPU contexts.
640 prev->userrsp = read_pda(oldrsp);
641 write_pda(oldrsp, next->userrsp);
642 write_pda(pcurrent, next_p);
644 write_pda(kernelstack,
645 (unsigned long)task_stack_page(next_p) + THREAD_SIZE - PDA_STACKOFFSET);
646 #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
647 write_pda(stack_canary, next_p->stack_canary);
649 * Build time only check to make sure the stack_canary is at
650 * offset 40 in the pda; this is a gcc ABI requirement
652 BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetof(struct x8664_pda, stack_canary) != 40);
656 * Now maybe reload the debug registers and handle I/O bitmaps
658 if (unlikely((task_thread_info(next_p)->flags & _TIF_WORK_CTXSW))
659 || test_tsk_thread_flag(prev_p, TIF_IO_BITMAP))
660 __switch_to_xtra(prev_p, next_p, tss);
662 /* If the task has used fpu the last 5 timeslices, just do a full
663 * restore of the math state immediately to avoid the trap; the
664 * chances of needing FPU soon are obviously high now
666 if (next_p->fpu_counter>5)
667 math_state_restore();
672 * sys_execve() executes a new program.
675 long sys_execve(char __user *name, char __user * __user *argv,
676 char __user * __user *envp, struct pt_regs regs)
681 filename = getname(name);
682 error = PTR_ERR(filename);
683 if (IS_ERR(filename))
685 error = do_execve(filename, argv, envp, ®s);
688 current->ptrace &= ~PT_DTRACE;
689 task_unlock(current);
695 void set_personality_64bit(void)
697 /* inherit personality from parent */
699 /* Make sure to be in 64bit mode */
700 clear_thread_flag(TIF_IA32);
702 /* TBD: overwrites user setup. Should have two bits.
703 But 64bit processes have always behaved this way,
704 so it's not too bad. The main problem is just that
705 32bit childs are affected again. */
706 current->personality &= ~READ_IMPLIES_EXEC;
709 asmlinkage long sys_fork(struct pt_regs *regs)
711 return do_fork(SIGCHLD, regs->rsp, regs, 0, NULL, NULL);
715 sys_clone(unsigned long clone_flags, unsigned long newsp,
716 void __user *parent_tid, void __user *child_tid, struct pt_regs *regs)
720 return do_fork(clone_flags, newsp, regs, 0, parent_tid, child_tid);
724 * This is trivial, and on the face of it looks like it
725 * could equally well be done in user mode.
727 * Not so, for quite unobvious reasons - register pressure.
728 * In user mode vfork() cannot have a stack frame, and if
729 * done by calling the "clone()" system call directly, you
730 * do not have enough call-clobbered registers to hold all
731 * the information you need.
733 asmlinkage long sys_vfork(struct pt_regs *regs)
735 return do_fork(CLONE_VFORK | CLONE_VM | SIGCHLD, regs->rsp, regs, 0,
739 unsigned long get_wchan(struct task_struct *p)
745 if (!p || p == current || p->state==TASK_RUNNING)
747 stack = (unsigned long)task_stack_page(p);
748 if (p->thread.rsp < stack || p->thread.rsp > stack+THREAD_SIZE)
750 fp = *(u64 *)(p->thread.rsp);
752 if (fp < (unsigned long)stack ||
753 fp > (unsigned long)stack+THREAD_SIZE)
755 rip = *(u64 *)(fp+8);
756 if (!in_sched_functions(rip))
759 } while (count++ < 16);
763 long do_arch_prctl(struct task_struct *task, int code, unsigned long addr)
766 int doit = task == current;
771 if (addr >= TASK_SIZE_OF(task))
774 /* handle small bases via the GDT because that's faster to
776 if (addr <= 0xffffffff) {
777 set_32bit_tls(task, GS_TLS, addr);
779 load_TLS(&task->thread, cpu);
780 load_gs_index(GS_TLS_SEL);
782 task->thread.gsindex = GS_TLS_SEL;
785 task->thread.gsindex = 0;
786 task->thread.gs = addr;
789 ret = checking_wrmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, addr);
795 /* Not strictly needed for fs, but do it for symmetry
797 if (addr >= TASK_SIZE_OF(task))
800 /* handle small bases via the GDT because that's faster to
802 if (addr <= 0xffffffff) {
803 set_32bit_tls(task, FS_TLS, addr);
805 load_TLS(&task->thread, cpu);
806 asm volatile("movl %0,%%fs" :: "r"(FS_TLS_SEL));
808 task->thread.fsindex = FS_TLS_SEL;
811 task->thread.fsindex = 0;
812 task->thread.fs = addr;
814 /* set the selector to 0 to not confuse
816 asm volatile("movl %0,%%fs" :: "r" (0));
817 ret = checking_wrmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE, addr);
824 if (task->thread.fsindex == FS_TLS_SEL)
825 base = read_32bit_tls(task, FS_TLS);
827 rdmsrl(MSR_FS_BASE, base);
829 base = task->thread.fs;
830 ret = put_user(base, (unsigned long __user *)addr);
836 if (task->thread.gsindex == GS_TLS_SEL)
837 base = read_32bit_tls(task, GS_TLS);
839 asm("movl %%gs,%0" : "=r" (gsindex));
841 rdmsrl(MSR_KERNEL_GS_BASE, base);
843 base = task->thread.gs;
846 base = task->thread.gs;
847 ret = put_user(base, (unsigned long __user *)addr);
859 long sys_arch_prctl(int code, unsigned long addr)
861 return do_arch_prctl(current, code, addr);
865 * Capture the user space registers if the task is not running (in user space)
867 int dump_task_regs(struct task_struct *tsk, elf_gregset_t *regs)
869 struct pt_regs *pp, ptregs;
871 pp = task_pt_regs(tsk);
877 elf_core_copy_regs(regs, &ptregs);
882 unsigned long arch_align_stack(unsigned long sp)
884 if (!(current->personality & ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE) && randomize_va_space)
885 sp -= get_random_int() % 8192;