2 * linux/fs/ext2/balloc.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
5 * Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
6 * Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
7 * Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
9 * Enhanced block allocation by Stephen Tweedie (sct@redhat.com), 1993
10 * Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
11 * David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
14 #include <linux/config.h>
16 #include <linux/quotaops.h>
17 #include <linux/sched.h>
18 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
19 #include <linux/capability.h>
22 * balloc.c contains the blocks allocation and deallocation routines
26 * The free blocks are managed by bitmaps. A file system contains several
27 * blocks groups. Each group contains 1 bitmap block for blocks, 1 bitmap
28 * block for inodes, N blocks for the inode table and data blocks.
30 * The file system contains group descriptors which are located after the
31 * super block. Each descriptor contains the number of the bitmap block and
32 * the free blocks count in the block. The descriptors are loaded in memory
33 * when a file system is mounted (see ext2_read_super).
37 #define in_range(b, first, len) ((b) >= (first) && (b) <= (first) + (len) - 1)
39 struct ext2_group_desc * ext2_get_group_desc(struct super_block * sb,
40 unsigned int block_group,
41 struct buffer_head ** bh)
43 unsigned long group_desc;
45 struct ext2_group_desc * desc;
46 struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
48 if (block_group >= sbi->s_groups_count) {
49 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_get_group_desc",
50 "block_group >= groups_count - "
51 "block_group = %d, groups_count = %lu",
52 block_group, sbi->s_groups_count);
57 group_desc = block_group >> EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK_BITS(sb);
58 offset = block_group & (EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb) - 1);
59 if (!sbi->s_group_desc[group_desc]) {
60 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_get_group_desc",
61 "Group descriptor not loaded - "
62 "block_group = %d, group_desc = %lu, desc = %lu",
63 block_group, group_desc, offset);
67 desc = (struct ext2_group_desc *) sbi->s_group_desc[group_desc]->b_data;
69 *bh = sbi->s_group_desc[group_desc];
74 * Read the bitmap for a given block_group, reading into the specified
75 * slot in the superblock's bitmap cache.
77 * Return buffer_head on success or NULL in case of failure.
79 static struct buffer_head *
80 read_block_bitmap(struct super_block *sb, unsigned int block_group)
82 struct ext2_group_desc * desc;
83 struct buffer_head * bh = NULL;
85 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, block_group, NULL);
88 bh = sb_bread(sb, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_block_bitmap));
90 ext2_error (sb, "read_block_bitmap",
91 "Cannot read block bitmap - "
92 "block_group = %d, block_bitmap = %u",
93 block_group, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_block_bitmap));
99 * Set sb->s_dirt here because the superblock was "logically" altered. We
100 * need to recalculate its free blocks count and flush it out.
102 static int reserve_blocks(struct super_block *sb, int count)
104 struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
105 struct ext2_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;
106 unsigned free_blocks;
107 unsigned root_blocks;
109 free_blocks = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter);
110 root_blocks = le32_to_cpu(es->s_r_blocks_count);
112 if (free_blocks < count)
115 if (free_blocks < root_blocks + count && !capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) &&
116 sbi->s_resuid != current->fsuid &&
117 (sbi->s_resgid == 0 || !in_group_p (sbi->s_resgid))) {
119 * We are too close to reserve and we are not privileged.
120 * Can we allocate anything at all?
122 if (free_blocks > root_blocks)
123 count = free_blocks - root_blocks;
128 percpu_counter_mod(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter, -count);
133 static void release_blocks(struct super_block *sb, int count)
136 struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
138 percpu_counter_mod(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter, count);
143 static int group_reserve_blocks(struct ext2_sb_info *sbi, int group_no,
144 struct ext2_group_desc *desc, struct buffer_head *bh, int count)
146 unsigned free_blocks;
148 if (!desc->bg_free_blocks_count)
151 spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group_no));
152 free_blocks = le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count);
153 if (free_blocks < count)
155 desc->bg_free_blocks_count = cpu_to_le16(free_blocks - count);
156 spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group_no));
157 mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
161 static void group_release_blocks(struct super_block *sb, int group_no,
162 struct ext2_group_desc *desc, struct buffer_head *bh, int count)
165 struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
166 unsigned free_blocks;
168 spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group_no));
169 free_blocks = le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count);
170 desc->bg_free_blocks_count = cpu_to_le16(free_blocks + count);
171 spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group_no));
173 mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
177 /* Free given blocks, update quota and i_blocks field */
178 void ext2_free_blocks (struct inode * inode, unsigned long block,
181 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
182 struct buffer_head * bh2;
183 unsigned long block_group;
186 unsigned long overflow;
187 struct super_block * sb = inode->i_sb;
188 struct ext2_sb_info * sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
189 struct ext2_group_desc * desc;
190 struct ext2_super_block * es = sbi->s_es;
191 unsigned freed = 0, group_freed;
193 if (block < le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block) ||
194 block + count < block ||
195 block + count > le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count)) {
196 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_free_blocks",
197 "Freeing blocks not in datazone - "
198 "block = %lu, count = %lu", block, count);
202 ext2_debug ("freeing block(s) %lu-%lu\n", block, block + count - 1);
206 block_group = (block - le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block)) /
207 EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb);
208 bit = (block - le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block)) %
209 EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb);
211 * Check to see if we are freeing blocks across a group
214 if (bit + count > EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb)) {
215 overflow = bit + count - EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb);
219 bitmap_bh = read_block_bitmap(sb, block_group);
223 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, block_group, &bh2);
227 if (in_range (le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_block_bitmap), block, count) ||
228 in_range (le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap), block, count) ||
229 in_range (block, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_table),
230 sbi->s_itb_per_group) ||
231 in_range (block + count - 1, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_table),
232 sbi->s_itb_per_group))
233 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_free_blocks",
234 "Freeing blocks in system zones - "
235 "Block = %lu, count = %lu",
238 for (i = 0, group_freed = 0; i < count; i++) {
239 if (!ext2_clear_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, block_group),
240 bit + i, bitmap_bh->b_data)) {
241 ext2_error(sb, __FUNCTION__,
242 "bit already cleared for block %lu", block + i);
248 mark_buffer_dirty(bitmap_bh);
249 if (sb->s_flags & MS_SYNCHRONOUS)
250 sync_dirty_buffer(bitmap_bh);
252 group_release_blocks(sb, block_group, desc, bh2, group_freed);
253 freed += group_freed;
262 release_blocks(sb, freed);
263 DQUOT_FREE_BLOCK(inode, freed);
266 static int grab_block(spinlock_t *lock, char *map, unsigned size, int goal)
271 if (!ext2_test_bit(goal, map))
277 * The goal was occupied; search forward for a free
278 * block within the next XX blocks.
280 * end_goal is more or less random, but it has to be
281 * less than EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP. Aligning up to the
282 * next 64-bit boundary is simple..
284 k = (goal + 63) & ~63;
285 goal = ext2_find_next_zero_bit(map, k, goal);
289 * Search in the remainder of the current group.
293 p = map + (goal >> 3);
294 r = memscan(p, 0, (size - goal + 7) >> 3);
298 * We have succeeded in finding a free byte in the block
299 * bitmap. Now search backwards to find the start of this
300 * group of free blocks - won't take more than 7 iterations.
302 for (goal = k; goal && !ext2_test_bit (goal - 1, map); goal--)
307 k = ext2_find_next_zero_bit ((u32 *)map, size, goal);
314 if (ext2_set_bit_atomic(lock, goal, (void *) map))
320 * ext2_new_block uses a goal block to assist allocation. If the goal is
321 * free, or there is a free block within 32 blocks of the goal, that block
322 * is allocated. Otherwise a forward search is made for a free block; within
323 * each block group the search first looks for an entire free byte in the block
324 * bitmap, and then for any free bit if that fails.
325 * This function also updates quota and i_blocks field.
327 int ext2_new_block(struct inode *inode, unsigned long goal,
328 u32 *prealloc_count, u32 *prealloc_block, int *err)
330 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
331 struct buffer_head *gdp_bh; /* bh2 */
332 struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
333 int group_no; /* i */
334 int ret_block; /* j */
335 int group_idx; /* k */
336 int target_block; /* tmp */
338 struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
339 struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
340 struct ext2_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;
341 unsigned group_size = EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb);
342 unsigned prealloc_goal = es->s_prealloc_blocks;
343 unsigned group_alloc = 0, es_alloc, dq_alloc;
344 int nr_scanned_groups;
346 if (!prealloc_goal--)
347 prealloc_goal = EXT2_DEFAULT_PREALLOC_BLOCKS - 1;
348 if (!prealloc_count || *prealloc_count)
351 if (DQUOT_ALLOC_BLOCK(inode, 1)) {
356 while (prealloc_goal && DQUOT_PREALLOC_BLOCK(inode, prealloc_goal))
359 dq_alloc = prealloc_goal + 1;
360 es_alloc = reserve_blocks(sb, dq_alloc);
366 ext2_debug ("goal=%lu.\n", goal);
368 if (goal < le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block) ||
369 goal >= le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count))
370 goal = le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block);
371 group_no = (goal - le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block)) / group_size;
372 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group_no, &gdp_bh);
375 * gdp_bh may still be uninitialised. But group_release_blocks
376 * will not touch it because group_alloc is zero.
381 group_alloc = group_reserve_blocks(sbi, group_no, desc,
384 ret_block = ((goal - le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block)) %
387 bitmap_bh = read_block_bitmap(sb, group_no);
391 ext2_debug("goal is at %d:%d.\n", group_no, ret_block);
393 ret_block = grab_block(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group_no),
394 bitmap_bh->b_data, group_size, ret_block);
397 group_release_blocks(sb, group_no, desc, gdp_bh, group_alloc);
401 ext2_debug ("Bit not found in block group %d.\n", group_no);
404 * Now search the rest of the groups. We assume that
405 * i and desc correctly point to the last group visited.
407 nr_scanned_groups = 0;
409 for (group_idx = 0; !group_alloc &&
410 group_idx < sbi->s_groups_count; group_idx++) {
412 if (group_no >= sbi->s_groups_count)
414 desc = ext2_get_group_desc(sb, group_no, &gdp_bh);
417 group_alloc = group_reserve_blocks(sbi, group_no, desc,
425 bitmap_bh = read_block_bitmap(sb, group_no);
429 ret_block = grab_block(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group_no), bitmap_bh->b_data,
433 * If a free block counter is corrupted we can loop inifintely.
437 if (nr_scanned_groups > 2 * sbi->s_groups_count) {
438 ext2_error(sb, "ext2_new_block",
439 "corrupted free blocks counters");
443 * Someone else grabbed the last free block in this blockgroup
444 * before us. Retry the scan.
446 group_release_blocks(sb, group_no, desc, gdp_bh, group_alloc);
452 ext2_debug("using block group %d(%d)\n",
453 group_no, desc->bg_free_blocks_count);
455 target_block = ret_block + group_no * group_size +
456 le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block);
458 if (target_block == le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_block_bitmap) ||
459 target_block == le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap) ||
460 in_range(target_block, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_table),
461 sbi->s_itb_per_group))
462 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_new_block",
463 "Allocating block in system zone - "
464 "block = %u", target_block);
466 if (target_block >= le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count)) {
467 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_new_block",
468 "block(%d) >= blocks count(%d) - "
469 "block_group = %d, es == %p ", ret_block,
470 le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count), group_no, es);
473 block = target_block;
475 /* OK, we _had_ allocated something */
476 ext2_debug("found bit %d\n", ret_block);
483 * Do block preallocation now if required.
485 write_lock(&EXT2_I(inode)->i_meta_lock);
486 if (group_alloc && !*prealloc_count) {
489 for (n = 0; n < group_alloc && ++ret_block < group_size; n++) {
490 if (ext2_set_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group_no),
492 (void*) bitmap_bh->b_data))
495 *prealloc_block = block + 1;
501 write_unlock(&EXT2_I(inode)->i_meta_lock);
503 mark_buffer_dirty(bitmap_bh);
504 if (sb->s_flags & MS_SYNCHRONOUS)
505 sync_dirty_buffer(bitmap_bh);
507 ext2_debug ("allocating block %d. ", block);
511 group_release_blocks(sb, group_no, desc, gdp_bh, group_alloc);
512 release_blocks(sb, es_alloc);
514 DQUOT_FREE_BLOCK(inode, dq_alloc);
526 static int nibblemap[] = {4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0};
528 unsigned long ext2_count_free (struct buffer_head * map, unsigned int numchars)
531 unsigned long sum = 0;
535 for (i = 0; i < numchars; i++)
536 sum += nibblemap[map->b_data[i] & 0xf] +
537 nibblemap[(map->b_data[i] >> 4) & 0xf];
541 #endif /* EXT2FS_DEBUG */
543 /* Superblock must be locked */
544 unsigned long ext2_count_free_blocks (struct super_block * sb)
546 struct ext2_group_desc * desc;
547 unsigned long desc_count = 0;
550 unsigned long bitmap_count, x;
551 struct ext2_super_block *es;
553 es = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es;
557 for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
558 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh;
559 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
562 desc_count += le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count);
563 bitmap_bh = read_block_bitmap(sb, i);
567 x = ext2_count_free(bitmap_bh, sb->s_blocksize);
568 printk ("group %d: stored = %d, counted = %lu\n",
569 i, le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count), x);
573 printk("ext2_count_free_blocks: stored = %lu, computed = %lu, %lu\n",
574 (long)le32_to_cpu(es->s_free_blocks_count),
575 desc_count, bitmap_count);
578 for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
579 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
582 desc_count += le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count);
589 block_in_use(unsigned long block, struct super_block *sb, unsigned char *map)
591 return ext2_test_bit ((block -
592 le32_to_cpu(EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es->s_first_data_block)) %
593 EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb), map);
596 static inline int test_root(int a, int b)
605 static int ext2_group_sparse(int group)
609 return (test_root(group, 3) || test_root(group, 5) ||
610 test_root(group, 7));
614 * ext2_bg_has_super - number of blocks used by the superblock in group
615 * @sb: superblock for filesystem
616 * @group: group number to check
618 * Return the number of blocks used by the superblock (primary or backup)
619 * in this group. Currently this will be only 0 or 1.
621 int ext2_bg_has_super(struct super_block *sb, int group)
623 if (EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb,EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER)&&
624 !ext2_group_sparse(group))
630 * ext2_bg_num_gdb - number of blocks used by the group table in group
631 * @sb: superblock for filesystem
632 * @group: group number to check
634 * Return the number of blocks used by the group descriptor table
635 * (primary or backup) in this group. In the future there may be a
636 * different number of descriptor blocks in each group.
638 unsigned long ext2_bg_num_gdb(struct super_block *sb, int group)
640 if (EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb,EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER)&&
641 !ext2_group_sparse(group))
643 return EXT2_SB(sb)->s_gdb_count;