dccp ccid-3: Update the computation of X_recv

[linux-2.6] / net / dccp / ccids / lib / packet_history.c

/*
 *  net/dccp/packet_history.c
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2007   The University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
 *  Copyright (c) 2005-7 The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
 *
 *  An implementation of the DCCP protocol
 *
 *  This code has been developed by the University of Waikato WAND
 *  research group. For further information please see http://www.wand.net.nz/
 *  or e-mail Ian McDonald - ian.mcdonald@jandi.co.nz
 *
 *  This code also uses code from Lulea University, rereleased as GPL by its
 *  authors:
 *  Copyright (c) 2003 Nils-Erik Mattsson, Joacim Haggmark, Magnus Erixzon
 *
 *  Changes to meet Linux coding standards, to make it meet latest ccid3 draft
 *  and to make it work as a loadable module in the DCCP stack written by
 *  Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@conectiva.com.br>.
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2005 Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@conectiva.com.br>
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 */

#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include "packet_history.h"
#include "../../dccp.h"

/*
 * Transmitter History Routines
 */
static struct kmem_cache *tfrc_tx_hist_slab;

int __init tfrc_tx_packet_history_init(void)
{
        tfrc_tx_hist_slab = kmem_cache_create("tfrc_tx_hist",
                                              sizeof(struct tfrc_tx_hist_entry),
                                              0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN, NULL);
        return tfrc_tx_hist_slab == NULL ? -ENOBUFS : 0;
}

void tfrc_tx_packet_history_exit(void)
{
        if (tfrc_tx_hist_slab != NULL) {
                kmem_cache_destroy(tfrc_tx_hist_slab);
                tfrc_tx_hist_slab = NULL;
        }
}

int tfrc_tx_hist_add(struct tfrc_tx_hist_entry **headp, u64 seqno)
{
        struct tfrc_tx_hist_entry *entry = kmem_cache_alloc(tfrc_tx_hist_slab, gfp_any());

        if (entry == NULL)
                return -ENOBUFS;
        entry->seqno = seqno;
        entry->stamp = ktime_get_real();
        entry->next  = *headp;
        *headp       = entry;
        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tfrc_tx_hist_add);

void tfrc_tx_hist_purge(struct tfrc_tx_hist_entry **headp)
{
        struct tfrc_tx_hist_entry *head = *headp;

        while (head != NULL) {
                struct tfrc_tx_hist_entry *next = head->next;

                kmem_cache_free(tfrc_tx_hist_slab, head);
                head = next;
        }

        *headp = NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tfrc_tx_hist_purge);

/*
 *      Receiver History Routines
 */
static struct kmem_cache *tfrc_rx_hist_slab;

int __init tfrc_rx_packet_history_init(void)
{
        tfrc_rx_hist_slab = kmem_cache_create("tfrc_rxh_cache",
                                              sizeof(struct tfrc_rx_hist_entry),
                                              0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN, NULL);
        return tfrc_rx_hist_slab == NULL ? -ENOBUFS : 0;
}

void tfrc_rx_packet_history_exit(void)
{
        if (tfrc_rx_hist_slab != NULL) {
                kmem_cache_destroy(tfrc_rx_hist_slab);
                tfrc_rx_hist_slab = NULL;
        }
}

static inline void tfrc_rx_hist_entry_from_skb(struct tfrc_rx_hist_entry *entry,
                                               const struct sk_buff *skb,
                                               const u64 ndp)
{
        const struct dccp_hdr *dh = dccp_hdr(skb);

        entry->tfrchrx_seqno = DCCP_SKB_CB(skb)->dccpd_seq;
        entry->tfrchrx_ccval = dh->dccph_ccval;
        entry->tfrchrx_type  = dh->dccph_type;
        entry->tfrchrx_ndp   = ndp;
        entry->tfrchrx_tstamp = ktime_get_real();
}

void tfrc_rx_hist_add_packet(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h,
                             const struct sk_buff *skb,
                             const u64 ndp)
{
        struct tfrc_rx_hist_entry *entry = tfrc_rx_hist_last_rcv(h);

        tfrc_rx_hist_entry_from_skb(entry, skb, ndp);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tfrc_rx_hist_add_packet);

/* has the packet contained in skb been seen before? */
int tfrc_rx_hist_duplicate(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        const u64 seq = DCCP_SKB_CB(skb)->dccpd_seq;
        int i;

        if (dccp_delta_seqno(tfrc_rx_hist_loss_prev(h)->tfrchrx_seqno, seq) <= 0)
                return 1;

        for (i = 1; i <= h->loss_count; i++)
                if (tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, i)->tfrchrx_seqno == seq)
                        return 1;

        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tfrc_rx_hist_duplicate);


static void __tfrc_rx_hist_swap(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h, const u8 a, const u8 b)
{
        struct tfrc_rx_hist_entry *tmp = h->ring[a];

        h->ring[a] = h->ring[b];
        h->ring[b] = tmp;
}

static void tfrc_rx_hist_swap(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h, const u8 a, const u8 b)
{
        __tfrc_rx_hist_swap(h, tfrc_rx_hist_index(h, a),
                               tfrc_rx_hist_index(h, b));
}

/**
 * tfrc_rx_hist_resume_rtt_sampling  -  Prepare RX history for RTT sampling
 * This is called after loss detection has finished, when the history entry
 * with the index of `loss_count' holds the highest-received sequence number.
 * RTT sampling requires this information at ring[0] (tfrc_rx_hist_sample_rtt).
 */
static inline void tfrc_rx_hist_resume_rtt_sampling(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h)
{
        __tfrc_rx_hist_swap(h, 0, tfrc_rx_hist_index(h, h->loss_count));
        h->loss_count = h->loss_start = 0;
}

/*
 * Private helper functions for loss detection.
 *
 * In the descriptions, `Si' refers to the sequence number of entry number i,
 * whose NDP count is `Ni' (lower case is used for variables).
 * Note: All __xxx_loss functions expect that a test against duplicates has been
 *       performed already: the seqno of the skb must not be less than the seqno
 *       of loss_prev; and it must not equal that of any valid history entry.
 */
static void __do_track_loss(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h, struct sk_buff *skb, u64 n1)
{
        u64 s0 = tfrc_rx_hist_loss_prev(h)->tfrchrx_seqno,
            s1 = DCCP_SKB_CB(skb)->dccpd_seq;

        if (!dccp_loss_free(s0, s1, n1)) {      /* gap between S0 and S1 */
                h->loss_count = 1;
                tfrc_rx_hist_entry_from_skb(tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 1), skb, n1);
        }
}

static void __one_after_loss(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 n2)
{
        u64 s0 = tfrc_rx_hist_loss_prev(h)->tfrchrx_seqno,
            s1 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 1)->tfrchrx_seqno,
            s2 = DCCP_SKB_CB(skb)->dccpd_seq;

        if (likely(dccp_delta_seqno(s1, s2) > 0)) {     /* S1  <  S2 */
                h->loss_count = 2;
                tfrc_rx_hist_entry_from_skb(tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 2), skb, n2);
                return;
        }

        /* S0  <  S2  <  S1 */

        if (dccp_loss_free(s0, s2, n2)) {
                u64 n1 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 1)->tfrchrx_ndp;

                if (dccp_loss_free(s2, s1, n1)) {
                        /* hole is filled: S0, S2, and S1 are consecutive */
                        tfrc_rx_hist_resume_rtt_sampling(h);
                } else
                        /* gap between S2 and S1: just update loss_prev */
                        tfrc_rx_hist_entry_from_skb(tfrc_rx_hist_loss_prev(h), skb, n2);

        } else {        /* gap between S0 and S2 */
                /*
                 * Reorder history to insert S2 between S0 and S1
                 */
                tfrc_rx_hist_swap(h, 0, 3);
                h->loss_start = tfrc_rx_hist_index(h, 3);
                tfrc_rx_hist_entry_from_skb(tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 1), skb, n2);
                h->loss_count = 2;
        }
}

/* return 1 if a new loss event has been identified */
static int __two_after_loss(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 n3)
{
        u64 s0 = tfrc_rx_hist_loss_prev(h)->tfrchrx_seqno,
            s1 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 1)->tfrchrx_seqno,
            s2 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 2)->tfrchrx_seqno,
            s3 = DCCP_SKB_CB(skb)->dccpd_seq;

        if (likely(dccp_delta_seqno(s2, s3) > 0)) {     /* S2  <  S3 */
                h->loss_count = 3;
                tfrc_rx_hist_entry_from_skb(tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 3), skb, n3);
                return 1;
        }

        /* S3  <  S2 */

        if (dccp_delta_seqno(s1, s3) > 0) {             /* S1  <  S3  <  S2 */
                /*
                 * Reorder history to insert S3 between S1 and S2
                 */
                tfrc_rx_hist_swap(h, 2, 3);
                tfrc_rx_hist_entry_from_skb(tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 2), skb, n3);
                h->loss_count = 3;
                return 1;
        }

        /* S0  <  S3  <  S1 */

        if (dccp_loss_free(s0, s3, n3)) {
                u64 n1 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 1)->tfrchrx_ndp;

                if (dccp_loss_free(s3, s1, n1)) {
                        /* hole between S0 and S1 filled by S3 */
                        u64 n2 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 2)->tfrchrx_ndp;

                        if (dccp_loss_free(s1, s2, n2)) {
                                /* entire hole filled by S0, S3, S1, S2 */
                                tfrc_rx_hist_resume_rtt_sampling(h);
                        } else {
                                /* gap remains between S1 and S2 */
                                h->loss_start = tfrc_rx_hist_index(h, 1);
                                h->loss_count = 1;
                        }

                } else /* gap exists between S3 and S1, loss_count stays at 2 */
                        tfrc_rx_hist_entry_from_skb(tfrc_rx_hist_loss_prev(h), skb, n3);

                return 0;
        }

        /*
         * The remaining case:  S0  <  S3  <  S1  <  S2;  gap between S0 and S3
         * Reorder history to insert S3 between S0 and S1.
         */
        tfrc_rx_hist_swap(h, 0, 3);
        h->loss_start = tfrc_rx_hist_index(h, 3);
        tfrc_rx_hist_entry_from_skb(tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 1), skb, n3);
        h->loss_count = 3;

        return 1;
}

/* recycle RX history records to continue loss detection if necessary */
static void __three_after_loss(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h)
{
        /*
         * At this stage we know already that there is a gap between S0 and S1
         * (since S0 was the highest sequence number received before detecting
         * the loss). To recycle the loss record, it is thus only necessary to
         * check for other possible gaps between S1/S2 and between S2/S3.
         */
        u64 s1 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 1)->tfrchrx_seqno,
            s2 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 2)->tfrchrx_seqno,
            s3 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 3)->tfrchrx_seqno;
        u64 n2 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 2)->tfrchrx_ndp,
            n3 = tfrc_rx_hist_entry(h, 3)->tfrchrx_ndp;

        if (dccp_loss_free(s1, s2, n2)) {

                if (dccp_loss_free(s2, s3, n3)) {
                        /* no gap between S2 and S3: entire hole is filled */
                        tfrc_rx_hist_resume_rtt_sampling(h);
                } else {
                        /* gap between S2 and S3 */
                        h->loss_start = tfrc_rx_hist_index(h, 2);
                        h->loss_count = 1;
                }

        } else {        /* gap between S1 and S2 */
                h->loss_start = tfrc_rx_hist_index(h, 1);
                h->loss_count = 2;
        }
}

/**
 *  tfrc_rx_handle_loss  -  Loss detection and further processing
 *  @h:             The non-empty RX history object
 *  @lh:            Loss Intervals database to update
 *  @skb:           Currently received packet
 *  @ndp:           The NDP count belonging to @skb
 *  @calc_first_li: Caller-dependent computation of first loss interval in @lh
 *  @sk:            Used by @calc_first_li (see tfrc_lh_interval_add)
 *  Chooses action according to pending loss, updates LI database when a new
 *  loss was detected, and does required post-processing. Returns 1 when caller
 *  should send feedback, 0 otherwise.
 *  Since it also takes care of reordering during loss detection and updates the
 *  records accordingly, the caller should not perform any more RX history
 *  operations when loss_count is greater than 0 after calling this function.
 */
int tfrc_rx_handle_loss(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h,
                        struct tfrc_loss_hist *lh,
                        struct sk_buff *skb, const u64 ndp,
                        u32 (*calc_first_li)(struct sock *), struct sock *sk)
{
        int is_new_loss = 0;

        if (tfrc_rx_hist_duplicate(h, skb))
                return 0;

        if (h->loss_count == 0) {
                __do_track_loss(h, skb, ndp);
                tfrc_rx_hist_sample_rtt(h, skb);
        } else if (h->loss_count == 1) {
                __one_after_loss(h, skb, ndp);
        } else if (h->loss_count != 2) {
                DCCP_BUG("invalid loss_count %d", h->loss_count);
        } else if (__two_after_loss(h, skb, ndp)) {
                /*
                 * Update Loss Interval database and recycle RX records
                 */
                is_new_loss = tfrc_lh_interval_add(lh, h, calc_first_li, sk);
                __three_after_loss(h);
        }

        /*
         * Update moving-average of `s' and the sum of received payload bytes.
         */
        if (dccp_data_packet(skb)) {
                const u32 payload = skb->len - dccp_hdr(skb)->dccph_doff * 4;

                h->packet_size = tfrc_ewma(h->packet_size, payload, 9);
                h->bytes_recvd += payload;
        }

        /* RFC 3448, 6.1: update I_0, whose growth implies p <= p_prev */
        if (!is_new_loss)
                tfrc_lh_update_i_mean(lh, skb);

        return is_new_loss;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tfrc_rx_handle_loss);

/* Compute the sending rate X_recv measured between feedback intervals */
u32 tfrc_rx_hist_x_recv(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h, const u32 last_x_recv)
{
        u64 bytes = h->bytes_recvd, last_rtt = h->rtt_estimate;
        s64 delta = ktime_to_us(net_timedelta(h->bytes_start));

        WARN_ON(delta <= 0);
        /*
         * Ensure that the sampling interval for X_recv is at least one RTT,
         * by extending the sampling interval backwards in time, over the last
         * R_(m-1) seconds, as per rfc3448bis-06, 6.2.
         * To reduce noise (e.g. when the RTT changes often), this is only
         * done when delta is smaller than RTT/2.
         */
        if (last_x_recv > 0 && delta < last_rtt/2) {
                tfrc_pr_debug("delta < RTT ==> %ld us < %u us\n",
                              (long)delta, (unsigned)last_rtt);

                delta = (bytes ? delta : 0) + last_rtt;
                bytes += div_u64((u64)last_x_recv * last_rtt, USEC_PER_SEC);
        }

        if (unlikely(bytes == 0)) {
                DCCP_WARN("X_recv == 0, using old value of %u\n", last_x_recv);
                return last_x_recv;
        }
        return scaled_div32(bytes, delta);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tfrc_rx_hist_x_recv);

void tfrc_rx_hist_purge(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i <= TFRC_NDUPACK; ++i)
                if (h->ring[i] != NULL) {
                        kmem_cache_free(tfrc_rx_hist_slab, h->ring[i]);
                        h->ring[i] = NULL;
                }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tfrc_rx_hist_purge);

static int tfrc_rx_hist_alloc(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h)
{
        int i;

        memset(h, 0, sizeof(*h));

        for (i = 0; i <= TFRC_NDUPACK; i++) {
                h->ring[i] = kmem_cache_alloc(tfrc_rx_hist_slab, GFP_ATOMIC);
                if (h->ring[i] == NULL) {
                        tfrc_rx_hist_purge(h);
                        return -ENOBUFS;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

int tfrc_rx_hist_init(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h, struct sock *sk)
{
        if (tfrc_rx_hist_alloc(h))
                return -ENOBUFS;
        /*
         * Initialise first entry with GSR to start loss detection as early as
         * possible. Code using this must not use any other fields. The entry
         * will be overwritten once the CCID updates its received packets.
         */
        tfrc_rx_hist_loss_prev(h)->tfrchrx_seqno = dccp_sk(sk)->dccps_gsr;
        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tfrc_rx_hist_init);

/**
 * tfrc_rx_hist_sample_rtt  -  Sample RTT from timestamp / CCVal
 * Based on ideas presented in RFC 4342, 8.1. This function expects that no loss
 * is pending and uses the following history entries (via rtt_sample_prev):
 * - h->ring[0]  contains the most recent history entry prior to @skb;
 * - h->ring[1]  is an unused `dummy' entry when the current difference is 0;
 */
void tfrc_rx_hist_sample_rtt(struct tfrc_rx_hist *h, const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
        struct tfrc_rx_hist_entry *last = h->ring[0];
        u32 sample, delta_v;

        /*
         * When not to sample:
         * - on non-data packets
         *   (RFC 4342, 8.1: CCVal only fully defined for data packets);
         * - when no data packets have been received yet
         *   (FIXME: using sampled packet size as indicator here);
         * - as long as there are gaps in the sequence space (pending loss).
         */
        if (!dccp_data_packet(skb) || h->packet_size == 0 ||
            tfrc_rx_hist_loss_pending(h))
                return;

        h->rtt_sample_prev = 0;         /* reset previous candidate */

        delta_v = SUB16(dccp_hdr(skb)->dccph_ccval, last->tfrchrx_ccval);
        if (delta_v == 0) {             /* less than RTT/4 difference */
                h->rtt_sample_prev = 1;
                return;
        }
        sample = dccp_sane_rtt(ktime_to_us(net_timedelta(last->tfrchrx_tstamp)));

        if (delta_v <= 4)               /* between RTT/4 and RTT */
                sample *= 4 / delta_v;
        else if (!(sample < h->rtt_estimate && sample > h->rtt_estimate/2))
                /*
                * Optimisation: CCVal difference is greater than 1 RTT, yet the
                * sample is less than the local RTT estimate; which means that
                * the RTT estimate is too high.
                * To avoid noise, it is not done if the sample is below RTT/2.
                */
                return;

        /* Use a lower weight than usual to increase responsiveness */
        h->rtt_estimate = tfrc_ewma(h->rtt_estimate, sample, 5);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tfrc_rx_hist_sample_rtt);