2 * Handle the memory map.
3 * The functions here do the job until bootmem takes over.
4 * $Id: e820.c,v 1.4 2002/09/19 19:25:32 ak Exp $
6 * Getting sanitize_e820_map() in sync with i386 version by applying change:
7 * - Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
8 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
9 * Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
12 #include <linux/config.h>
13 #include <linux/kernel.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
16 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
17 #include <linux/ioport.h>
18 #include <linux/string.h>
19 #include <linux/kexec.h>
20 #include <linux/module.h>
24 #include <asm/proto.h>
25 #include <asm/bootsetup.h>
26 #include <asm/sections.h>
29 * PFN of last memory page.
31 unsigned long end_pfn;
32 EXPORT_SYMBOL(end_pfn);
35 * end_pfn only includes RAM, while end_pfn_map includes all e820 entries.
36 * The direct mapping extends to end_pfn_map, so that we can directly access
37 * apertures, ACPI and other tables without having to play with fixmaps.
39 unsigned long end_pfn_map;
42 * Last pfn which the user wants to use.
44 unsigned long end_user_pfn = MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT;
46 extern struct resource code_resource, data_resource;
48 /* Check for some hardcoded bad areas that early boot is not allowed to touch */
49 static inline int bad_addr(unsigned long *addrp, unsigned long size)
51 unsigned long addr = *addrp, last = addr + size;
53 /* various gunk below that needed for SMP startup */
59 /* direct mapping tables of the kernel */
60 if (last >= table_start<<PAGE_SHIFT && addr < table_end<<PAGE_SHIFT) {
61 *addrp = table_end << PAGE_SHIFT;
66 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
67 if (LOADER_TYPE && INITRD_START && last >= INITRD_START &&
68 addr < INITRD_START+INITRD_SIZE) {
69 *addrp = INITRD_START + INITRD_SIZE;
73 /* kernel code + 640k memory hole (later should not be needed, but
74 be paranoid for now) */
75 if (last >= 640*1024 && addr < __pa_symbol(&_end)) {
76 *addrp = __pa_symbol(&_end);
79 /* XXX ramdisk image here? */
83 int __init e820_mapped(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned type)
86 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
87 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
88 if (type && ei->type != type)
90 if (ei->addr >= end || ei->addr + ei->size <= start)
98 * Find a free area in a specific range.
100 unsigned long __init find_e820_area(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned size)
103 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
104 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
105 unsigned long addr = ei->addr, last;
106 if (ei->type != E820_RAM)
110 if (addr > ei->addr + ei->size)
112 while (bad_addr(&addr, size) && addr+size < ei->addr + ei->size)
115 if (last > ei->addr + ei->size)
125 * Free bootmem based on the e820 table for a node.
127 void __init e820_bootmem_free(pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long start,unsigned long end)
130 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
131 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
132 unsigned long last, addr;
134 if (ei->type != E820_RAM ||
135 ei->addr+ei->size <= start ||
139 addr = round_up(ei->addr, PAGE_SIZE);
143 last = round_down(ei->addr + ei->size, PAGE_SIZE);
147 if (last > addr && last-addr >= PAGE_SIZE)
148 free_bootmem_node(pgdat, addr, last-addr);
153 * Find the highest page frame number we have available
155 unsigned long __init e820_end_of_ram(void)
158 unsigned long end_pfn = 0;
160 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
161 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
162 unsigned long start, end;
164 start = round_up(ei->addr, PAGE_SIZE);
165 end = round_down(ei->addr + ei->size, PAGE_SIZE);
168 if (ei->type == E820_RAM) {
169 if (end > end_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT)
170 end_pfn = end>>PAGE_SHIFT;
172 if (end > end_pfn_map<<PAGE_SHIFT)
173 end_pfn_map = end>>PAGE_SHIFT;
177 if (end_pfn > end_pfn_map)
178 end_pfn_map = end_pfn;
179 if (end_pfn_map > MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT)
180 end_pfn_map = MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT;
181 if (end_pfn > end_user_pfn)
182 end_pfn = end_user_pfn;
183 if (end_pfn > end_pfn_map)
184 end_pfn = end_pfn_map;
190 * Compute how much memory is missing in a range.
191 * Unlike the other functions in this file the arguments are in page numbers.
194 e820_hole_size(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
196 unsigned long ram = 0;
197 unsigned long start = start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
198 unsigned long end = end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
200 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
201 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
202 unsigned long last, addr;
204 if (ei->type != E820_RAM ||
205 ei->addr+ei->size <= start ||
209 addr = round_up(ei->addr, PAGE_SIZE);
213 last = round_down(ei->addr + ei->size, PAGE_SIZE);
220 return ((end - start) - ram) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
224 * Mark e820 reserved areas as busy for the resource manager.
226 void __init e820_reserve_resources(void)
229 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
230 struct resource *res;
231 res = alloc_bootmem_low(sizeof(struct resource));
232 switch (e820.map[i].type) {
233 case E820_RAM: res->name = "System RAM"; break;
234 case E820_ACPI: res->name = "ACPI Tables"; break;
235 case E820_NVS: res->name = "ACPI Non-volatile Storage"; break;
236 default: res->name = "reserved";
238 res->start = e820.map[i].addr;
239 res->end = res->start + e820.map[i].size - 1;
240 res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
241 request_resource(&iomem_resource, res);
242 if (e820.map[i].type == E820_RAM) {
244 * We don't know which RAM region contains kernel data,
245 * so we try it repeatedly and let the resource manager
248 request_resource(res, &code_resource);
249 request_resource(res, &data_resource);
251 request_resource(res, &crashk_res);
258 * Add a memory region to the kernel e820 map.
260 void __init add_memory_region(unsigned long start, unsigned long size, int type)
265 printk(KERN_ERR "Ooops! Too many entries in the memory map!\n");
269 e820.map[x].addr = start;
270 e820.map[x].size = size;
271 e820.map[x].type = type;
275 void __init e820_print_map(char *who)
279 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
280 printk(" %s: %016Lx - %016Lx ", who,
281 (unsigned long long) e820.map[i].addr,
282 (unsigned long long) (e820.map[i].addr + e820.map[i].size));
283 switch (e820.map[i].type) {
284 case E820_RAM: printk("(usable)\n");
287 printk("(reserved)\n");
290 printk("(ACPI data)\n");
293 printk("(ACPI NVS)\n");
295 default: printk("type %u\n", e820.map[i].type);
302 * Sanitize the BIOS e820 map.
304 * Some e820 responses include overlapping entries. The following
305 * replaces the original e820 map with a new one, removing overlaps.
308 static int __init sanitize_e820_map(struct e820entry * biosmap, char * pnr_map)
310 struct change_member {
311 struct e820entry *pbios; /* pointer to original bios entry */
312 unsigned long long addr; /* address for this change point */
314 static struct change_member change_point_list[2*E820MAX] __initdata;
315 static struct change_member *change_point[2*E820MAX] __initdata;
316 static struct e820entry *overlap_list[E820MAX] __initdata;
317 static struct e820entry new_bios[E820MAX] __initdata;
318 struct change_member *change_tmp;
319 unsigned long current_type, last_type;
320 unsigned long long last_addr;
321 int chgidx, still_changing;
324 int old_nr, new_nr, chg_nr;
328 Visually we're performing the following (1,2,3,4 = memory types)...
330 Sample memory map (w/overlaps):
331 ____22__________________
332 ______________________4_
333 ____1111________________
334 _44_____________________
335 11111111________________
336 ____________________33__
337 ___________44___________
338 __________33333_________
339 ______________22________
340 ___________________2222_
341 _________111111111______
342 _____________________11_
343 _________________4______
345 Sanitized equivalent (no overlap):
346 1_______________________
347 _44_____________________
348 ___1____________________
349 ____22__________________
350 ______11________________
351 _________1______________
352 __________3_____________
353 ___________44___________
354 _____________33_________
355 _______________2________
356 ________________1_______
357 _________________4______
358 ___________________2____
359 ____________________33__
360 ______________________4_
363 /* if there's only one memory region, don't bother */
369 /* bail out if we find any unreasonable addresses in bios map */
370 for (i=0; i<old_nr; i++)
371 if (biosmap[i].addr + biosmap[i].size < biosmap[i].addr)
374 /* create pointers for initial change-point information (for sorting) */
375 for (i=0; i < 2*old_nr; i++)
376 change_point[i] = &change_point_list[i];
378 /* record all known change-points (starting and ending addresses),
379 omitting those that are for empty memory regions */
381 for (i=0; i < old_nr; i++) {
382 if (biosmap[i].size != 0) {
383 change_point[chgidx]->addr = biosmap[i].addr;
384 change_point[chgidx++]->pbios = &biosmap[i];
385 change_point[chgidx]->addr = biosmap[i].addr + biosmap[i].size;
386 change_point[chgidx++]->pbios = &biosmap[i];
391 /* sort change-point list by memory addresses (low -> high) */
393 while (still_changing) {
395 for (i=1; i < chg_nr; i++) {
396 /* if <current_addr> > <last_addr>, swap */
397 /* or, if current=<start_addr> & last=<end_addr>, swap */
398 if ((change_point[i]->addr < change_point[i-1]->addr) ||
399 ((change_point[i]->addr == change_point[i-1]->addr) &&
400 (change_point[i]->addr == change_point[i]->pbios->addr) &&
401 (change_point[i-1]->addr != change_point[i-1]->pbios->addr))
404 change_tmp = change_point[i];
405 change_point[i] = change_point[i-1];
406 change_point[i-1] = change_tmp;
412 /* create a new bios memory map, removing overlaps */
413 overlap_entries=0; /* number of entries in the overlap table */
414 new_bios_entry=0; /* index for creating new bios map entries */
415 last_type = 0; /* start with undefined memory type */
416 last_addr = 0; /* start with 0 as last starting address */
417 /* loop through change-points, determining affect on the new bios map */
418 for (chgidx=0; chgidx < chg_nr; chgidx++)
420 /* keep track of all overlapping bios entries */
421 if (change_point[chgidx]->addr == change_point[chgidx]->pbios->addr)
423 /* add map entry to overlap list (> 1 entry implies an overlap) */
424 overlap_list[overlap_entries++]=change_point[chgidx]->pbios;
428 /* remove entry from list (order independent, so swap with last) */
429 for (i=0; i<overlap_entries; i++)
431 if (overlap_list[i] == change_point[chgidx]->pbios)
432 overlap_list[i] = overlap_list[overlap_entries-1];
436 /* if there are overlapping entries, decide which "type" to use */
437 /* (larger value takes precedence -- 1=usable, 2,3,4,4+=unusable) */
439 for (i=0; i<overlap_entries; i++)
440 if (overlap_list[i]->type > current_type)
441 current_type = overlap_list[i]->type;
442 /* continue building up new bios map based on this information */
443 if (current_type != last_type) {
444 if (last_type != 0) {
445 new_bios[new_bios_entry].size =
446 change_point[chgidx]->addr - last_addr;
447 /* move forward only if the new size was non-zero */
448 if (new_bios[new_bios_entry].size != 0)
449 if (++new_bios_entry >= E820MAX)
450 break; /* no more space left for new bios entries */
452 if (current_type != 0) {
453 new_bios[new_bios_entry].addr = change_point[chgidx]->addr;
454 new_bios[new_bios_entry].type = current_type;
455 last_addr=change_point[chgidx]->addr;
457 last_type = current_type;
460 new_nr = new_bios_entry; /* retain count for new bios entries */
462 /* copy new bios mapping into original location */
463 memcpy(biosmap, new_bios, new_nr*sizeof(struct e820entry));
470 * Copy the BIOS e820 map into a safe place.
472 * Sanity-check it while we're at it..
474 * If we're lucky and live on a modern system, the setup code
475 * will have given us a memory map that we can use to properly
476 * set up memory. If we aren't, we'll fake a memory map.
478 * We check to see that the memory map contains at least 2 elements
479 * before we'll use it, because the detection code in setup.S may
480 * not be perfect and most every PC known to man has two memory
481 * regions: one from 0 to 640k, and one from 1mb up. (The IBM
482 * thinkpad 560x, for example, does not cooperate with the memory
485 static int __init copy_e820_map(struct e820entry * biosmap, int nr_map)
487 /* Only one memory region (or negative)? Ignore it */
492 unsigned long start = biosmap->addr;
493 unsigned long size = biosmap->size;
494 unsigned long end = start + size;
495 unsigned long type = biosmap->type;
497 /* Overflow in 64 bits? Ignore the memory map. */
502 * Some BIOSes claim RAM in the 640k - 1M region.
503 * Not right. Fix it up.
505 * This should be removed on Hammer which is supposed to not
506 * have non e820 covered ISA mappings there, but I had some strange
507 * problems so it stays for now. -AK
509 if (type == E820_RAM) {
510 if (start < 0x100000ULL && end > 0xA0000ULL) {
511 if (start < 0xA0000ULL)
512 add_memory_region(start, 0xA0000ULL-start, type);
513 if (end <= 0x100000ULL)
520 add_memory_region(start, size, type);
521 } while (biosmap++,--nr_map);
525 void __init setup_memory_region(void)
527 char *who = "BIOS-e820";
530 * Try to copy the BIOS-supplied E820-map.
532 * Otherwise fake a memory map; one section from 0k->640k,
533 * the next section from 1mb->appropriate_mem_k
535 sanitize_e820_map(E820_MAP, &E820_MAP_NR);
536 if (copy_e820_map(E820_MAP, E820_MAP_NR) < 0) {
537 unsigned long mem_size;
539 /* compare results from other methods and take the greater */
540 if (ALT_MEM_K < EXT_MEM_K) {
541 mem_size = EXT_MEM_K;
544 mem_size = ALT_MEM_K;
549 add_memory_region(0, LOWMEMSIZE(), E820_RAM);
550 add_memory_region(HIGH_MEMORY, mem_size << 10, E820_RAM);
552 printk(KERN_INFO "BIOS-provided physical RAM map:\n");
556 void __init parse_memopt(char *p, char **from)
558 end_user_pfn = memparse(p, from);
559 end_user_pfn >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
562 void __init parse_memmapopt(char *p, char **from)
564 unsigned long long start_at, mem_size;
566 mem_size = memparse(p, from);
569 start_at = memparse(p+1, from);
570 add_memory_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_RAM);
571 } else if (*p == '#') {
572 start_at = memparse(p+1, from);
573 add_memory_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_ACPI);
574 } else if (*p == '$') {
575 start_at = memparse(p+1, from);
576 add_memory_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_RESERVED);
578 end_user_pfn = (mem_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
583 unsigned long pci_mem_start = 0xaeedbabe;
586 * Search for the biggest gap in the low 32 bits of the e820
587 * memory space. We pass this space to PCI to assign MMIO resources
588 * for hotplug or unconfigured devices in.
589 * Hopefully the BIOS let enough space left.
591 __init void e820_setup_gap(void)
593 unsigned long gapstart, gapsize, round;
598 last = 0x100000000ull;
599 gapstart = 0x10000000;
603 unsigned long long start = e820.map[i].addr;
604 unsigned long long end = start + e820.map[i].size;
607 * Since "last" is at most 4GB, we know we'll
608 * fit in 32 bits if this condition is true
611 unsigned long gap = last - end;
624 gapstart = (end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) + 1024*1024;
625 printk(KERN_ERR "PCI: Warning: Cannot find a gap in the 32bit address range\n"
626 KERN_ERR "PCI: Unassigned devices with 32bit resource registers may break!\n");
630 * See how much we want to round up: start off with
631 * rounding to the next 1MB area.
634 while ((gapsize >> 4) > round)
636 /* Fun with two's complement */
637 pci_mem_start = (gapstart + round) & -round;
639 printk(KERN_INFO "Allocating PCI resources starting at %lx (gap: %lx:%lx)\n",
640 pci_mem_start, gapstart, gapsize);