2 * setup.S Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
4 * setup.s is responsible for getting the system data from the BIOS,
5 * and putting them into the appropriate places in system memory.
6 * both setup.s and system has been loaded by the bootblock.
8 * This code asks the bios for memory/disk/other parameters, and
9 * puts them in a "safe" place: 0x90000-0x901FF, ie where the
10 * boot-block used to be. It is then up to the protected mode
11 * system to read them from there before the area is overwritten
14 * Move PS/2 aux init code to psaux.c
15 * (troyer@saifr00.cfsat.Honeywell.COM) 03Oct92
17 * some changes and additional features by Christoph Niemann,
18 * March 1993/June 1994 (Christoph.Niemann@linux.org)
20 * add APM BIOS checking by Stephen Rothwell, May 1994
21 * (sfr@canb.auug.org.au)
23 * High load stuff, initrd support and position independency
24 * by Hans Lermen & Werner Almesberger, February 1996
25 * <lermen@elserv.ffm.fgan.de>, <almesber@lrc.epfl.ch>
27 * Video handling moved to video.S by Martin Mares, March 1996
28 * <mj@k332.feld.cvut.cz>
30 * Extended memory detection scheme retwiddled by orc@pell.chi.il.us (david
31 * parsons) to avoid loadlin confusion, July 1997
33 * Transcribed from Intel (as86) -> AT&T (gas) by Chris Noe, May 1999.
34 * <stiker@northlink.com>
36 * Fix to work around buggy BIOSes which don't use carry bit correctly
37 * and/or report extended memory in CX/DX for e801h memory size detection
38 * call. As a result the kernel got wrong figures. The int15/e801h docs
39 * from Ralf Brown interrupt list seem to indicate AX/BX should be used
40 * anyway. So to avoid breaking many machines (presumably there was a reason
41 * to orginally use CX/DX instead of AX/BX), we do a kludge to see
42 * if CX/DX have been changed in the e801 call and if so use AX/BX .
43 * Michael Miller, April 2001 <michaelm@mjmm.org>
45 * Added long mode checking and SSE force. March 2003, Andi Kleen.
48 #include <linux/config.h>
49 #include <asm/segment.h>
50 #include <linux/version.h>
51 #include <linux/compile.h>
56 /* Signature words to ensure LILO loaded us right */
60 INITSEG = DEF_INITSEG # 0x9000, we move boot here, out of the way
61 SYSSEG = DEF_SYSSEG # 0x1000, system loaded at 0x10000 (65536).
62 SETUPSEG = DEF_SETUPSEG # 0x9020, this is the current segment
63 # ... and the former contents of CS
65 DELTA_INITSEG = SETUPSEG - INITSEG # 0x0020
68 .globl begtext, begdata, begbss, endtext, enddata, endbss
81 # This is the setup header, and it must start at %cs:2 (old 0x9020:2)
83 .ascii "HdrS" # header signature
84 .word 0x0203 # header version number (>= 0x0105)
85 # or else old loadlin-1.5 will fail)
86 realmode_swtch: .word 0, 0 # default_switch, SETUPSEG
87 start_sys_seg: .word SYSSEG
88 .word kernel_version # pointing to kernel version string
89 # above section of header is compatible
90 # with loadlin-1.5 (header v1.5). Don't
93 type_of_loader: .byte 0 # = 0, old one (LILO, Loadlin,
94 # Bootlin, SYSLX, bootsect...)
95 # See Documentation/i386/boot.txt for
98 # flags, unused bits must be zero (RFU) bit within loadflags
100 LOADED_HIGH = 1 # If set, the kernel is loaded high
101 CAN_USE_HEAP = 0x80 # If set, the loader also has set
102 # heap_end_ptr to tell how much
103 # space behind setup.S can be used for
105 # Only the loader knows what is free
106 #ifndef __BIG_KERNEL__
112 setup_move_size: .word 0x8000 # size to move, when setup is not
113 # loaded at 0x90000. We will move setup
114 # to 0x90000 then just before jumping
115 # into the kernel. However, only the
116 # loader knows how much data behind
117 # us also needs to be loaded.
119 code32_start: # here loaders can put a different
120 # start address for 32-bit code.
121 #ifndef __BIG_KERNEL__
122 .long 0x1000 # 0x1000 = default for zImage
124 .long 0x100000 # 0x100000 = default for big kernel
127 ramdisk_image: .long 0 # address of loaded ramdisk image
128 # Here the loader puts the 32-bit
129 # address where it loaded the image.
130 # This only will be read by the kernel.
132 ramdisk_size: .long 0 # its size in bytes
137 heap_end_ptr: .word modelist+1024 # (Header version 0x0201 or later)
138 # space from here (exclusive) down to
139 # end of setup code can be used by setup
140 # for local heap purposes.
143 cmd_line_ptr: .long 0 # (Header version 0x0202 or later)
144 # If nonzero, a 32-bit pointer
145 # to the kernel command line.
146 # The command line should be
147 # located between the start of
148 # setup and the end of low
149 # memory (0xa0000), or it may
150 # get overwritten before it
151 # gets read. If this field is
152 # used, there is no longer
153 # anything magical about the
154 # 0x90000 segment; the setup
155 # can be located anywhere in
156 # low memory 0x10000 or higher.
158 ramdisk_max: .long 0xffffffff
160 trampoline: call start_of_setup
162 # The offset at this point is 0x240
163 .space (0xeff-0x240+1) # E820 & EDD space (ending at 0xeff)
164 # End of setup header #####################################################
167 # Bootlin depends on this being done early
172 #ifdef SAFE_RESET_DISK_CONTROLLER
173 # Reset the disk controller.
179 # Set %ds = %cs, we know that SETUPSEG = %cs at this point
180 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
182 # Check signature at end of setup
183 cmpw $SIG1, setup_sig1
186 cmpw $SIG2, setup_sig2
191 # Routine to print asciiz string at ds:si
203 prtsp2: call prtspc # Print double space
204 prtspc: movb $0x20, %al # Print single space (note: fall-thru)
217 beep: movb $0x07, %al
220 no_sig_mess: .string "No setup signature found ..."
225 # We now have to find the rest of the setup code/data
227 movw %cs, %ax # SETUPSEG
228 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # INITSEG
231 movb (497), %bl # get setup sect from bootsect
232 subw $4, %bx # LILO loads 4 sectors of setup
233 shlw $8, %bx # convert to words (1sect=2^8 words)
235 shrw $3, %bx # convert to segment
237 movw %bx, %cs:start_sys_seg
238 # Move rest of setup code/data to here
239 movw $2048, %di # four sectors loaded by LILO
241 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
247 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
249 cmpw $SIG1, setup_sig1
252 cmpw $SIG2, setup_sig2
265 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
266 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG
268 # Check if an old loader tries to load a big-kernel
269 testb $LOADED_HIGH, %cs:loadflags # Do we have a big kernel?
270 jz loader_ok # No, no danger for old loaders.
272 cmpb $0, %cs:type_of_loader # Do we have a loader that
274 jnz loader_ok # Yes, continue.
276 pushw %cs # No, we have an old loader,
278 lea loader_panic_mess, %si
283 loader_panic_mess: .string "Wrong loader, giving up..."
286 /* check for long mode. */
287 /* we have to do this before the VESA setup, otherwise the user
288 can't see the error message. */
294 /* minimum CPUID flags for x86-64 */
295 /* see http://www.x86-64.org/lists/discuss/msg02971.html */
296 #define SSE_MASK ((1<<25)|(1<<26))
297 #define REQUIRED_MASK1 ((1<<0)|(1<<3)|(1<<4)|(1<<5)|(1<<6)|(1<<8)|\
298 (1<<13)|(1<<15)|(1<<24))
299 #define REQUIRED_MASK2 (1<<29)
301 pushfl /* standard way to check for cpuid */
310 jz no_longmode /* cpu has no cpuid */
314 jb no_longmode /* no cpuid 1 */
316 cmpl $0x68747541,%ebx /* AuthenticAMD */
318 cmpl $0x69746e65,%edx
320 cmpl $0x444d4163,%ecx
322 mov $1,%di /* cpu is from AMD */
326 andl $REQUIRED_MASK1,%edx
327 xorl $REQUIRED_MASK1,%edx
329 movl $0x80000000,%eax
331 cmpl $0x80000001,%eax
332 jb no_longmode /* no extended cpuid */
333 movl $0x80000001,%eax
335 andl $REQUIRED_MASK2,%edx
336 xorl $REQUIRED_MASK2,%edx
345 jz no_longmode /* only try to force SSE on AMD */
346 movl $0xc0010015,%ecx /* HWCR */
348 btr $15,%eax /* enable SSE */
350 xor %di,%di /* don't loop */
351 jmp sse_test /* try again */
354 lea long_mode_panic,%si
359 .string "Your CPU does not support long mode. Use a 32bit distribution."
365 # tell BIOS we want to go to long mode
366 movl $0xec00,%eax # declare target operating mode
367 movl $2,%ebx # long mode
370 # Get memory size (extended mem, kB)
374 #ifndef STANDARD_MEMORY_BIOS_CALL
376 # Try three different memory detection schemes. First, try
377 # e820h, which lets us assemble a memory map, then try e801h,
378 # which returns a 32-bit memory size, and finally 88h, which
382 # the memory map from hell. e820h returns memory classified into
383 # a whole bunch of different types, and allows memory holes and
384 # everything. We scan through this memory map and build a list
385 # of the first 32 memory areas, which we return at [E820MAP].
386 # This is documented at http://www.acpi.info/, in the ACPI 2.0 specification.
388 #define SMAP 0x534d4150
391 xorl %ebx, %ebx # continuation counter
392 movw $E820MAP, %di # point into the whitelist
393 # so we can have the bios
394 # directly write into it.
397 movl $0x0000e820, %eax # e820, upper word zeroed
398 movl $SMAP, %edx # ascii 'SMAP'
399 movl $20, %ecx # size of the e820rec
400 pushw %ds # data record.
402 int $0x15 # make the call
403 jc bail820 # fall to e801 if it fails
405 cmpl $SMAP, %eax # check the return is `SMAP'
406 jne bail820 # fall to e801 if it fails
408 # cmpl $1, 16(%di) # is this usable memory?
411 # If this is usable memory, we save it by simply advancing %di by
415 movb (E820NR), %al # up to 128 entries
424 cmpl $0, %ebx # check to see if
425 jne jmpe820 # %ebx is set to EOF
430 # memory size is in 1k chunksizes, to avoid confusing loadlin.
431 # we store the 0xe801 memory size in a completely different place,
432 # because it will most likely be longer than 16 bits.
433 # (use 1e0 because that's what Larry Augustine uses in his
434 # alternative new memory detection scheme, and it's sensible
435 # to write everything into the same place.)
438 stc # fix to work around buggy
439 xorw %cx,%cx # BIOSes which don't clear/set
440 xorw %dx,%dx # carry on pass/error of
441 # e801h memory size call
442 # or merely pass cx,dx though
443 # without changing them.
448 cmpw $0x0, %cx # Kludge to handle BIOSes
449 jne e801usecxdx # which report their extended
450 cmpw $0x0, %dx # memory in AX/BX rather than
451 jne e801usecxdx # CX/DX. The spec I have read
452 movw %ax, %cx # seems to indicate AX/BX
453 movw %bx, %dx # are more reasonable anyway...
456 andl $0xffff, %edx # clear sign extend
457 shll $6, %edx # and go from 64k to 1k chunks
458 movl %edx, (0x1e0) # store extended memory size
459 andl $0xffff, %ecx # clear sign extend
460 addl %ecx, (0x1e0) # and add lower memory into
463 # Ye Olde Traditional Methode. Returns the memory size (up to 16mb or
464 # 64mb, depending on the bios) in ax.
472 # Set the keyboard repeat rate to the max
477 # Check for video adapter and its parameters and allow the
478 # user to browse video modes.
479 call video # NOTE: we need %ds pointing
486 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
487 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG
505 # Check that there IS a hd1 :-)
515 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
516 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG
526 # Check for PS/2 pointing device
527 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
528 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG
530 movw $0, (0x1ff) # default is no pointing device
531 int $0x11 # int 0x11: equipment list
532 testb $0x04, %al # check if mouse installed
535 movw $0xAA, (0x1ff) # device present
538 #include "../../i386/boot/edd.S"
540 # Now we want to move to protected mode ...
541 cmpw $0, %cs:realmode_swtch
544 lcall *%cs:realmode_swtch
553 # we get the code32 start address and modify the below 'jmpi'
554 # (loader may have changed it)
555 movl %cs:code32_start, %eax
556 movl %eax, %cs:code32
558 # Now we move the system to its rightful place ... but we check if we have a
559 # big-kernel. In that case we *must* not move it ...
560 testb $LOADED_HIGH, %cs:loadflags
561 jz do_move0 # .. then we have a normal low
563 # .. or else we have a high
565 jmp end_move # ... and we skip moving
568 movw $0x100, %ax # start of destination segment
569 movw %cs, %bp # aka SETUPSEG
570 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %bp # aka INITSEG
571 movw %cs:start_sys_seg, %bx # start of source segment
574 movw %ax, %es # destination segment
575 incb %ah # instead of add ax,#0x100
576 movw %bx, %ds # source segment
583 cmpw %bp, %bx # assume start_sys_seg > 0x200,
584 # so we will perhaps read one
585 # page more than needed, but
586 # never overwrite INITSEG
587 # because destination is a
588 # minimum one page below source
592 # then we load the segment descriptors
593 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
596 # Check whether we need to be downward compatible with version <=201
597 cmpl $0, cmd_line_ptr
598 jne end_move_self # loader uses version >=202 features
599 cmpb $0x20, type_of_loader
600 je end_move_self # bootsect loader, we know of it
602 # Boot loader doesnt support boot protocol version 2.02.
603 # If we have our code not at 0x90000, we need to move it there now.
604 # We also then need to move the params behind it (commandline)
605 # Because we would overwrite the code on the current IP, we move
606 # it in two steps, jumping high after the first one.
611 cli # make sure we really have
612 # interrupts disabled !
613 # because after this the stack
615 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG
621 subw %ax, %dx # this will go into %ss after
625 movw $INITSEG, %ax # real INITSEG
627 movw %cs:setup_move_size, %cx
628 std # we have to move up, so we use
629 # direction down because the
634 subw $move_self_here+0x200, %cx
637 ljmp $SETUPSEG, $move_self_here
640 movw $move_self_here+0x200, %cx
646 end_move_self: # now we are at the right place
647 lidt idt_48 # load idt with 0,0
648 xorl %eax, %eax # Compute gdt_base
649 movw %ds, %ax # (Convert %ds:gdt to a linear ptr)
652 movl %eax, (gdt_48+2)
653 lgdt gdt_48 # load gdt with whatever is
656 # that was painless, now we enable a20
659 movb $0xD1, %al # command write
663 movb $0xDF, %al # A20 on
668 # You must preserve the other bits here. Otherwise embarrasing things
669 # like laptops powering off on boot happen. Corrected version by Kira
670 # Brown from Linux 2.2
673 orb $02, %al # "fast A20" version
674 outb %al, $0x92 # some chips have only this
676 # wait until a20 really *is* enabled; it can take a fair amount of
677 # time on certain systems; Toshiba Tecras are known to have this
678 # problem. The memory location used here (0x200) is the int 0x80
679 # vector, which should be safe to use.
681 xorw %ax, %ax # segment 0x0000
683 decw %ax # segment 0xffff (HMA)
686 incw %ax # unused memory location <0xfff0
687 movw %ax, %fs:(0x200) # we use the "int 0x80" vector
688 cmpw %gs:(0x210), %ax # and its corresponding HMA addr
689 je a20_wait # loop until no longer aliased
691 # make sure any possible coprocessor is properly reset..
699 # well, that went ok, I hope. Now we mask all interrupts - the rest
700 # is done in init_IRQ().
701 movb $0xFF, %al # mask all interrupts for now
705 movb $0xFB, %al # mask all irq's but irq2 which
706 outb %al, $0x21 # is cascaded
708 # Well, that certainly wasn't fun :-(. Hopefully it works, and we don't
709 # need no steenking BIOS anyway (except for the initial loading :-).
710 # The BIOS-routine wants lots of unnecessary data, and it's less
711 # "interesting" anyway. This is how REAL programmers do it.
713 # Well, now's the time to actually move into protected mode. To make
714 # things as simple as possible, we do no register set-up or anything,
715 # we let the gnu-compiled 32-bit programs do that. We just jump to
716 # absolute address 0x1000 (or the loader supplied one),
717 # in 32-bit protected mode.
719 # Note that the short jump isn't strictly needed, although there are
720 # reasons why it might be a good idea. It won't hurt in any case.
721 movw $1, %ax # protected mode (PE) bit
722 lmsw %ax # This is it!
726 xorw %bx, %bx # Flag to indicate a boot
727 xorl %esi, %esi # Pointer to real-mode code
729 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %si
730 shll $4, %esi # Convert to 32-bit pointer
731 # NOTE: For high loaded big kernels we need a
732 # jmpi 0x100000,__KERNEL_CS
734 # but we yet haven't reloaded the CS register, so the default size
735 # of the target offset still is 16 bit.
736 # However, using an operand prefix (0x66), the CPU will properly
737 # take our 48 bit far pointer. (INTeL 80386 Programmer's Reference
738 # Manual, Mixing 16-bit and 32-bit code, page 16-6)
740 .byte 0x66, 0xea # prefix + jmpi-opcode
741 code32: .long 0x1000 # will be set to 0x100000
745 # Here's a bunch of information about your current kernel..
746 kernel_version: .ascii UTS_RELEASE
748 .ascii LINUX_COMPILE_BY
750 .ascii LINUX_COMPILE_HOST
755 # This is the default real mode switch routine.
756 # to be called just before protected mode transition
758 cli # no interrupts allowed !
759 movb $0x80, %al # disable NMI for bootup
765 # This routine checks that the keyboard command queue is empty
766 # (after emptying the output buffers)
768 # Some machines have delusions that the keyboard buffer is always full
769 # with no keyboard attached...
771 # If there is no keyboard controller, we will usually get 0xff
772 # to all the reads. With each IO taking a microsecond and
773 # a timeout of 100,000 iterations, this can take about half a
774 # second ("delay" == outb to port 0x80). That should be ok,
775 # and should also be plenty of time for a real keyboard controller
785 jz empty_8042_end_loop
789 inb $0x64, %al # 8042 status port
790 testb $1, %al # output buffer?
794 inb $0x60, %al # read it
798 testb $2, %al # is input buffer full?
799 jnz empty_8042_loop # yes - loop
804 # Read the cmos clock. Return the seconds in al
809 movb %dh, %al # %dh contains the seconds
818 # Delay is needed after doing I/O
825 .word 0, 0, 0, 0 # dummy
827 .word 0, 0, 0, 0 # unused
829 .word 0xFFFF # 4Gb - (0x100000*0x1000 = 4Gb)
830 .word 0 # base address = 0
831 .word 0x9A00 # code read/exec
832 .word 0x00CF # granularity = 4096, 386
833 # (+5th nibble of limit)
835 .word 0xFFFF # 4Gb - (0x100000*0x1000 = 4Gb)
836 .word 0 # base address = 0
837 .word 0x9200 # data read/write
838 .word 0x00CF # granularity = 4096, 386
839 # (+5th nibble of limit)
841 .word 0 # idt limit = 0
842 .word 0, 0 # idt base = 0L
844 .word 0x8000 # gdt limit=2048,
847 .word 0, 0 # gdt base (filled in later)
849 # Include video setup & detection code
853 # Setup signature -- must be last
854 setup_sig1: .word SIG1
855 setup_sig2: .word SIG2
857 # After this point, there is some free space which is used by the video mode
858 # handling code to store the temporary mode table (not used by the kernel).