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   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
   4
   5 <book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
   6  <bookinfo>
   7   <title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
   8
   9   <legalnotice>
  10    <para>
  11      This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
  12      it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  13      License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  14      version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
  15      version.
  16    </para>
  17
  18    <para>
  19      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
  20      useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
  21      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  22      See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  23    </para>
  24
  25    <para>
  26      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  27      License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
  28      Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  29      MA 02111-1307 USA
  30    </para>
  31
  32    <para>
  33      For more details see the file COPYING in the source
  34      distribution of Linux.
  35    </para>
  36   </legalnotice>
  37  </bookinfo>
  38
  39 <toc></toc>
  40
  41   <chapter id="Basics">
  42      <title>Driver Basics</title>
  43      <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title>
  44 !Iinclude/linux/init.h
  45      </sect1>
  46
  47      <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title>
  48 !Iinclude/asm-i386/atomic.h
  49 !Iinclude/asm-i386/unaligned.h
  50      </sect1>
  51
  52      <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title>
  53 !Iinclude/linux/sched.h
  54 !Ekernel/sched.c
  55 !Ekernel/timer.c
  56      </sect1>
  57      <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title>
  58 !Ikernel/exit.c
  59 !Ikernel/signal.c
  60      </sect1>
  61
  62      <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title>
  63 <!--
  64 X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h
  65 -->
  66 !Elib/kobject.c
  67      </sect1>
  68
  69      <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title>
  70 !Iinclude/linux/kernel.h
  71 <!-- This needs to clean up to make kernel-doc happy
  72 X!Ekernel/printk.c
  73  -->
  74 !Ekernel/panic.c
  75 !Ekernel/sys.c
  76 !Ekernel/rcupdate.c
  77      </sect1>
  78
  79   </chapter>
  80
  81   <chapter id="adt">
  82      <title>Data Types</title>
  83      <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
  84 !Iinclude/linux/list.h
  85      </sect1>
  86   </chapter>
  87
  88   <chapter id="libc">
  89      <title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
  90
  91      <para>
  92        When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
  93        from the C Library.  Some of the functions have been found generally
  94        useful and they are listed below.  The behaviour of these functions
  95        may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
  96        are noted in the text.
  97      </para>
  98
  99      <sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
 100 !Ilib/vsprintf.c
 101 !Elib/vsprintf.c
 102      </sect1>
 103      <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
 104 <!-- All functions are exported at now
 105 X!Ilib/string.c
 106  -->
 107 !Elib/string.c
 108      </sect1>
 109      <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
 110 !Iinclude/asm-i386/bitops.h
 111      </sect1>
 112   </chapter>
 113
 114   <chapter id="mm">
 115      <title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
 116      <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
 117 !Emm/slab.c
 118      </sect1>
 119      <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
 120 !Iinclude/asm-i386/uaccess.h
 121 !Iarch/i386/lib/usercopy.c
 122      </sect1>
 123      <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
 124 !Iinclude/linux/rmap.h
 125 !Emm/readahead.c
 126 !Emm/filemap.c
 127 !Emm/memory.c
 128 !Emm/vmalloc.c
 129 !Emm/mempool.c
 130 !Emm/page-writeback.c
 131 !Emm/truncate.c
 132      </sect1>
 133   </chapter>
 134
 135
 136   <chapter id="ipc">
 137      <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
 138
 139      <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
 140 !Iipc/util.c
 141      </sect1>
 142   </chapter>
 143
 144   <chapter id="kfifo">
 145      <title>FIFO Buffer</title>
 146      <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
 147 !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
 148 !Ekernel/kfifo.c
 149      </sect1>
 150   </chapter>
 151
 152   <chapter id="proc">
 153      <title>The proc filesystem</title>
 154
 155      <sect1><title>sysctl interface</title>
 156 !Ekernel/sysctl.c
 157      </sect1>
 158
 159      <sect1><title>proc filesystem interface</title>
 160 !Ifs/proc/base.c
 161      </sect1>
 162   </chapter>
 163
 164   <chapter id="debugfs">
 165      <title>The debugfs filesystem</title>
 166
 167      <sect1><title>debugfs interface</title>
 168 !Efs/debugfs/inode.c
 169 !Efs/debugfs/file.c
 170      </sect1>
 171   </chapter>
 172
 173   <chapter id="vfs">
 174      <title>The Linux VFS</title>
 175      <sect1><title>The Filesystem types</title>
 176 !Iinclude/linux/fs.h
 177 !Einclude/linux/fs.h
 178      </sect1>
 179      <sect1><title>The Directory Cache</title>
 180 !Efs/dcache.c
 181 !Iinclude/linux/dcache.h
 182      </sect1>
 183      <sect1><title>Inode Handling</title>
 184 !Efs/inode.c
 185 !Efs/bad_inode.c
 186      </sect1>
 187      <sect1><title>Registration and Superblocks</title>
 188 !Efs/super.c
 189      </sect1>
 190      <sect1><title>File Locks</title>
 191 !Efs/locks.c
 192 !Ifs/locks.c
 193      </sect1>
 194      <sect1><title>Other Functions</title>
 195 !Efs/mpage.c
 196 !Efs/namei.c
 197 !Efs/buffer.c
 198 !Efs/bio.c
 199 !Efs/seq_file.c
 200 !Efs/filesystems.c
 201 !Efs/fs-writeback.c
 202 !Efs/block_dev.c
 203      </sect1>
 204   </chapter>
 205
 206   <chapter id="netcore">
 207      <title>Linux Networking</title>
 208      <sect1><title>Networking Base Types</title>
 209 !Iinclude/linux/net.h
 210      </sect1>
 211      <sect1><title>Socket Buffer Functions</title>
 212 !Iinclude/linux/skbuff.h
 213 !Iinclude/net/sock.h
 214 !Enet/socket.c
 215 !Enet/core/skbuff.c
 216 !Enet/core/sock.c
 217 !Enet/core/datagram.c
 218 !Enet/core/stream.c
 219      </sect1>
 220      <sect1><title>Socket Filter</title>
 221 !Enet/core/filter.c
 222      </sect1>
 223      <sect1><title>Generic Network Statistics</title>
 224 !Iinclude/linux/gen_stats.h
 225 !Enet/core/gen_stats.c
 226 !Enet/core/gen_estimator.c
 227      </sect1>
 228      <sect1><title>SUN RPC subsystem</title>
 229 <!-- The !D functionality is not perfect, garbage has to be protected by comments
 230 !Dnet/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
 231 -->
 232 !Enet/sunrpc/xdr.c
 233 !Enet/sunrpc/svcsock.c
 234 !Enet/sunrpc/sched.c
 235      </sect1>
 236   </chapter>
 237
 238   <chapter id="netdev">
 239      <title>Network device support</title>
 240      <sect1><title>Driver Support</title>
 241 !Enet/core/dev.c
 242      </sect1>
 243      <sect1><title>8390 Based Network Cards</title>
 244 !Edrivers/net/8390.c
 245      </sect1>
 246      <sect1><title>Synchronous PPP</title>
 247 !Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c
 248      </sect1>
 249   </chapter>
 250
 251   <chapter id="modload">
 252      <title>Module Support</title>
 253      <sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
 254 !Ekernel/kmod.c
 255      </sect1>
 256      <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
 257         <para>
 258            Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
 259         </para>
 260 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 261 X!Ekernel/module.c
 262 -->
 263      </sect1>
 264   </chapter>
 265
 266   <chapter id="hardware">
 267      <title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
 268      <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
 269 !Ikernel/irq/manage.c
 270      </sect1>
 271
 272      <sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
 273 !Ekernel/resource.c
 274      </sect1>
 275
 276      <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
 277 !Earch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
 278      </sect1>
 279      <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
 280 !Edrivers/pci/pci.c
 281 !Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
 282 !Edrivers/pci/remove.c
 283 !Edrivers/pci/pci-acpi.c
 284 <!-- kerneldoc does not understand to __devinit
 285 X!Edrivers/pci/search.c
 286  -->
 287 !Edrivers/pci/msi.c
 288 !Edrivers/pci/bus.c
 289 !Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
 290 !Edrivers/pci/probe.c
 291 !Edrivers/pci/rom.c
 292      </sect1>
 293      <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
 294 !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
 295      </sect1>
 296      <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title>
 297         <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title>
 298            <para>
 299               Refer to the file arch/i386/kernel/mca.c for more information.
 300            </para>
 301 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 302 X!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c
 303 -->
 304         </sect2>
 305         <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title>
 306 !Iinclude/asm-i386/mca_dma.h
 307         </sect2>
 308      </sect1>
 309   </chapter>
 310
 311   <chapter id="devfs">
 312      <title>The Device File System</title>
 313 !Efs/devfs/base.c
 314   </chapter>
 315
 316   <chapter id="sysfs">
 317      <title>The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects</title>
 318 !Efs/sysfs/file.c
 319 !Efs/sysfs/dir.c
 320 !Efs/sysfs/symlink.c
 321 !Efs/sysfs/bin.c
 322   </chapter>
 323
 324   <chapter id="security">
 325      <title>Security Framework</title>
 326 !Esecurity/security.c
 327   </chapter>
 328
 329   <chapter id="pmfuncs">
 330      <title>Power Management</title>
 331 !Ekernel/power/pm.c
 332   </chapter>
 333
 334   <chapter id="devdrivers">
 335      <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title>
 336      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title>
 337 <!--
 338 X!Iinclude/linux/device.h
 339 -->
 340 !Edrivers/base/driver.c
 341 !Edrivers/base/core.c
 342 !Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c
 343 !Edrivers/base/transport_class.c
 344 !Edrivers/base/dmapool.c
 345 <!-- Cannot be included, because
 346      attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter
 347  and attribute_container_classdev_to_container
 348      exceed allowed 44 characters maximum
 349 X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c
 350 -->
 351 !Edrivers/base/sys.c
 352 <!--
 353 X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
 354 -->
 355 !Edrivers/base/platform.c
 356 !Edrivers/base/bus.c
 357      </sect1>
 358      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title>
 359 !Edrivers/base/power/main.c
 360 !Edrivers/base/power/resume.c
 361 !Edrivers/base/power/suspend.c
 362      </sect1>
 363      <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title>
 364 <!-- Internal functions only
 365 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c
 366 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c
 367 X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c
 368 X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c
 369 -->
 370 !Edrivers/acpi/scan.c
 371 <!-- No correct structured comments
 372 X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c
 373 -->
 374      </sect1>
 375      <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title>
 376 !Edrivers/pnp/core.c
 377 <!-- No correct structured comments
 378 X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
 379  -->
 380 !Edrivers/pnp/card.c
 381 !Edrivers/pnp/driver.c
 382 !Edrivers/pnp/manager.c
 383 !Edrivers/pnp/support.c
 384      </sect1>
 385   </chapter>
 386
 387
 388   <chapter id="blkdev">
 389      <title>Block Devices</title>
 390 !Edrivers/block/ll_rw_blk.c
 391   </chapter>
 392
 393   <chapter id="miscdev">
 394      <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
 395 !Edrivers/char/misc.c
 396   </chapter>
 397
 398   <chapter id="viddev">
 399      <title>Video4Linux</title>
 400 !Edrivers/media/video/videodev.c
 401   </chapter>
 402
 403   <chapter id="snddev">
 404      <title>Sound Devices</title>
 405 !Iinclude/sound/core.h
 406 !Esound/sound_core.c
 407 !Iinclude/sound/pcm.h
 408 !Esound/core/pcm.c
 409 !Esound/core/device.c
 410 !Esound/core/info.c
 411 !Esound/core/rawmidi.c
 412 !Esound/core/sound.c
 413 !Esound/core/memory.c
 414 !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
 415 !Esound/core/init.c
 416 !Esound/core/isadma.c
 417 !Esound/core/control.c
 418 !Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
 419 !Esound/core/hwdep.c
 420 !Esound/core/pcm_native.c
 421 !Esound/core/memalloc.c
 422 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 423 X!Isound/sound_firmware.c
 424 -->
 425   </chapter>
 426
 427   <chapter id="uart16x50">
 428      <title>16x50 UART Driver</title>
 429 !Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h
 430 !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c
 431 !Edrivers/serial/8250.c
 432   </chapter>
 433
 434   <chapter id="z85230">
 435      <title>Z85230 Support Library</title>
 436 !Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
 437   </chapter>
 438
 439   <chapter id="fbdev">
 440      <title>Frame Buffer Library</title>
 441
 442      <para>
 443        The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures.
 444        These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h.  They are
 445        fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs.
 446        The last three can be made available to and from userland.
 447      </para>
 448
 449      <para>
 450        fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card.
 451        Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a
 452        collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work.
 453        fb_info is only visible to the kernel.
 454      </para>
 455
 456      <para>
 457        fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card
 458        that are user defined.  With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as
 459        depth and the resolution may be defined.
 460      </para>
 461
 462      <para>
 463        The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the
 464        properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't
 465        be changed otherwise.  A good example of this is the start of the
 466        frame buffer memory.  This "locks" the address of the frame buffer
 467        memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved.
 468      </para>
 469
 470      <para>
 471        The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was
 472        little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things
 473        such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With
 474        the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used
 475        correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked.  fb_monospecs
 476        will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x.
 477      </para>
 478
 479      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title>
 480 !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c
 481      </sect1>
 482 <!--
 483      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title>
 484 X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c
 485      </sect1>
 486 -->
 487      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title>
 488 !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c
 489      </sect1>
 490 <!-- FIXME:
 491   drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml.  Comment
 492   out until somebody adds docs.  KAO
 493      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title>
 494 X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c
 495      </sect1>
 496 KAO -->
 497      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title>
 498 !Idrivers/video/modedb.c
 499 !Edrivers/video/modedb.c
 500      </sect1>
 501      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title>
 502 !Idrivers/video/macmodes.c
 503      </sect1>
 504      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title>
 505         <para>
 506            Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information.
 507         </para>
 508 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 509 X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c
 510 -->
 511      </sect1>
 512   </chapter>
 513 </book>