2 Hypervisor-Assisted Dump
3 ------------------------
6 The goal of hypervisor-assisted dump is to enable the dump of
7 a crashed system, and to do so from a fully-reset system, and
8 to minimize the total elapsed time until the system is back
11 As compared to kdump or other strategies, hypervisor-assisted
12 dump offers several strong, practical advantages:
14 -- Unlike kdump, the system has been reset, and loaded
15 with a fresh copy of the kernel. In particular,
16 PCI and I/O devices have been reinitialized and are
17 in a clean, consistent state.
18 -- As the dump is performed, the dumped memory becomes
19 immediately available to the system for normal use.
20 -- After the dump is completed, no further reboots are
21 required; the system will be fully usable, and running
22 in it's normal, production mode on it normal kernel.
24 The above can only be accomplished by coordination with,
25 and assistance from the hypervisor. The procedure is
28 -- When a system crashes, the hypervisor will save
29 the low 256MB of RAM to a previously registered
30 save region. It will also save system state, system
31 registers, and hardware PTE's.
33 -- After the low 256MB area has been saved, the
34 hypervisor will reset PCI and other hardware state.
35 It will *not* clear RAM. It will then launch the
36 bootloader, as normal.
38 -- The freshly booted kernel will notice that there
39 is a new node (ibm,dump-kernel) in the device tree,
40 indicating that there is crash data available from
41 a previous boot. It will boot into only 256MB of RAM,
42 reserving the rest of system memory.
44 -- Userspace tools will parse /sys/kernel/release_region
45 and read /proc/vmcore to obtain the contents of memory,
46 which holds the previous crashed kernel. The userspace
47 tools may copy this info to disk, or network, nas, san,
48 iscsi, etc. as desired.
50 For Example: the values in /sys/kernel/release-region
51 would look something like this (address-range pairs).
52 CPU:0x177fee000-0x10000: HPTE:0x177ffe020-0x1000: /
53 DUMP:0x177fff020-0x10000000, 0x10000000-0x16F1D370A
55 -- As the userspace tools complete saving a portion of
56 dump, they echo an offset and size to
57 /sys/kernel/release_region to release the reserved
58 memory back to general use.
60 An example of this is:
61 "echo 0x40000000 0x10000000 > /sys/kernel/release_region"
62 which will release 256MB at the 1GB boundary.
64 Please note that the hypervisor-assisted dump feature
65 is only available on Power6-based systems with recent
68 Implementation details:
69 ----------------------
71 During boot, a check is made to see if firmware supports
72 this feature on this particular machine. If it does, then
73 we check to see if a active dump is waiting for us. If yes
74 then everything but 256 MB of RAM is reserved during early
75 boot. This area is released once we collect a dump from user
76 land scripts that are run. If there is dump data, then
77 the /sys/kernel/release_region file is created, and
78 the reserved memory is held.
80 If there is no waiting dump data, then only the highest
81 256MB of the ram is reserved as a scratch area. This area
82 is *not* released: this region will be kept permanently
83 reserved, so that it can act as a receptacle for a copy
84 of the low 256MB in the case a crash does occur. See,
85 however, "open issues" below, as to whether
86 such a reserved region is really needed.
88 Currently the dump will be copied from /proc/vmcore to a
89 a new file upon user intervention. The starting address
90 to be read and the range for each data point in provided
91 in /sys/kernel/release_region.
93 The tools to examine the dump will be same as the ones
98 Security: please note that there are potential security issues
99 with any sort of dump mechanism. In particular, plaintext
100 (unencrypted) data, and possibly passwords, may be present in
101 the dump data. Userspace tools must take adequate precautions to
106 o The various code paths that tell the hypervisor that a crash
107 occurred, vs. it simply being a normal reboot, should be
108 reviewed, and possibly clarified/fixed.
110 o Instead of using /sys/kernel, should there be a /sys/dump
111 instead? There is a dump_subsys being created by the s390 code,
112 perhaps the pseries code should use a similar layout as well.
114 o Is reserving a 256MB region really required? The goal of
115 reserving a 256MB scratch area is to make sure that no
116 important crash data is clobbered when the hypervisor
117 save low mem to the scratch area. But, if one could assure
118 that nothing important is located in some 256MB area, then
119 it would not need to be reserved. Something that can be
120 improved in subsequent versions.
122 o Still working the kdump team to integrate this with kdump,
123 some work remains but this would not affect the current
126 o Still need to write a shell script, to copy the dump away.
127 Currently I am parsing it manually.