2 * USB Skeleton driver - 2.0
4 * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman (greg@kroah.com)
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
10 * This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c
11 * but has been rewritten to be easy to read and use, as no locks are now
16 #include <linux/config.h>
17 #include <linux/kernel.h>
18 #include <linux/errno.h>
19 #include <linux/init.h>
20 #include <linux/slab.h>
21 #include <linux/module.h>
22 #include <linux/kref.h>
23 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
24 #include <linux/usb.h>
27 /* Define these values to match your devices */
28 #define USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID 0xfff0
29 #define USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID 0xfff0
31 /* table of devices that work with this driver */
32 static struct usb_device_id skel_table [] = {
33 { USB_DEVICE(USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID, USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID) },
34 { } /* Terminating entry */
36 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (usb, skel_table);
39 /* Get a minor range for your devices from the usb maintainer */
40 #define USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE 192
42 /* our private defines. if this grows any larger, use your own .h file */
43 #define MAX_TRANSFER ( PAGE_SIZE - 512 )
44 #define WRITES_IN_FLIGHT 8
46 /* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
48 struct usb_device * udev; /* the usb device for this device */
49 struct usb_interface * interface; /* the interface for this device */
50 struct semaphore limit_sem; /* limiting the number of writes in progress */
51 unsigned char * bulk_in_buffer; /* the buffer to receive data */
52 size_t bulk_in_size; /* the size of the receive buffer */
53 __u8 bulk_in_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk in endpoint */
54 __u8 bulk_out_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk out endpoint */
57 #define to_skel_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_skel, kref)
59 static struct usb_driver skel_driver;
61 static void skel_delete(struct kref *kref)
63 struct usb_skel *dev = to_skel_dev(kref);
65 usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
66 kfree (dev->bulk_in_buffer);
70 static int skel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
73 struct usb_interface *interface;
77 subminor = iminor(inode);
79 interface = usb_find_interface(&skel_driver, subminor);
81 err ("%s - error, can't find device for minor %d",
82 __FUNCTION__, subminor);
87 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
93 /* increment our usage count for the device */
96 /* save our object in the file's private structure */
97 file->private_data = dev;
103 static int skel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
105 struct usb_skel *dev;
107 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
111 /* decrement the count on our device */
112 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
116 static ssize_t skel_read(struct file *file, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
118 struct usb_skel *dev;
122 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
124 /* do a blocking bulk read to get data from the device */
125 retval = usb_bulk_msg(dev->udev,
126 usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
128 min(dev->bulk_in_size, count),
131 /* if the read was successful, copy the data to userspace */
133 if (copy_to_user(buffer, dev->bulk_in_buffer, bytes_read))
142 static void skel_write_bulk_callback(struct urb *urb, struct pt_regs *regs)
144 struct usb_skel *dev;
146 dev = (struct usb_skel *)urb->context;
148 /* sync/async unlink faults aren't errors */
150 !(urb->status == -ENOENT ||
151 urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||
152 urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN)) {
153 dbg("%s - nonzero write bulk status received: %d",
154 __FUNCTION__, urb->status);
157 /* free up our allocated buffer */
158 usb_buffer_free(urb->dev, urb->transfer_buffer_length,
159 urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
163 static ssize_t skel_write(struct file *file, const char *user_buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
165 struct usb_skel *dev;
167 struct urb *urb = NULL;
169 size_t writesize = min(count, (size_t)MAX_TRANSFER);
171 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
173 /* verify that we actually have some data to write */
177 /* limit the number of URBs in flight to stop a user from using up all RAM */
178 if (down_interruptible(&dev->limit_sem)) {
179 retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
183 /* create a urb, and a buffer for it, and copy the data to the urb */
184 urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
190 buf = usb_buffer_alloc(dev->udev, writesize, GFP_KERNEL, &urb->transfer_dma);
196 if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buffer, writesize)) {
201 /* initialize the urb properly */
202 usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, dev->udev,
203 usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
204 buf, writesize, skel_write_bulk_callback, dev);
205 urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
207 /* send the data out the bulk port */
208 retval = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_KERNEL);
210 err("%s - failed submitting write urb, error %d", __FUNCTION__, retval);
214 /* release our reference to this urb, the USB core will eventually free it entirely */
221 usb_buffer_free(dev->udev, writesize, buf, urb->transfer_dma);
227 static struct file_operations skel_fops = {
228 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
232 .release = skel_release,
236 * usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
237 * and to have the device registered with the driver core
239 static struct usb_class_driver skel_class = {
242 .minor_base = USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE,
245 static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id)
247 struct usb_skel *dev = NULL;
248 struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
249 struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
252 int retval = -ENOMEM;
254 /* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
255 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
257 err("Out of memory");
260 kref_init(&dev->kref);
261 sema_init(&dev->limit_sem, WRITES_IN_FLIGHT);
263 dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
264 dev->interface = interface;
266 /* set up the endpoint information */
267 /* use only the first bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints */
268 iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
269 for (i = 0; i < iface_desc->desc.bNumEndpoints; ++i) {
270 endpoint = &iface_desc->endpoint[i].desc;
272 if (!dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr &&
273 ((endpoint->bEndpointAddress & USB_ENDPOINT_DIR_MASK)
275 ((endpoint->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK)
276 == USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK)) {
277 /* we found a bulk in endpoint */
278 buffer_size = le16_to_cpu(endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
279 dev->bulk_in_size = buffer_size;
280 dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
281 dev->bulk_in_buffer = kmalloc(buffer_size, GFP_KERNEL);
282 if (!dev->bulk_in_buffer) {
283 err("Could not allocate bulk_in_buffer");
288 if (!dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr &&
289 ((endpoint->bEndpointAddress & USB_ENDPOINT_DIR_MASK)
291 ((endpoint->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK)
292 == USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK)) {
293 /* we found a bulk out endpoint */
294 dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
297 if (!(dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr && dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr)) {
298 err("Could not find both bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints");
302 /* save our data pointer in this interface device */
303 usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
305 /* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
306 retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &skel_class);
308 /* something prevented us from registering this driver */
309 err("Not able to get a minor for this device.");
310 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
314 /* let the user know what node this device is now attached to */
315 info("USB Skeleton device now attached to USBSkel-%d", interface->minor);
320 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
324 static void skel_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
326 struct usb_skel *dev;
327 int minor = interface->minor;
329 /* prevent skel_open() from racing skel_disconnect() */
332 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
333 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
335 /* give back our minor */
336 usb_deregister_dev(interface, &skel_class);
340 /* decrement our usage count */
341 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
343 info("USB Skeleton #%d now disconnected", minor);
346 static struct usb_driver skel_driver = {
349 .disconnect = skel_disconnect,
350 .id_table = skel_table,
353 static int __init usb_skel_init(void)
357 /* register this driver with the USB subsystem */
358 result = usb_register(&skel_driver);
360 err("usb_register failed. Error number %d", result);
365 static void __exit usb_skel_exit(void)
367 /* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
368 usb_deregister(&skel_driver);
371 module_init (usb_skel_init);
372 module_exit (usb_skel_exit);
374 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");