2 * linux/arch/i386/kernel/head.S -- the 32-bit startup code.
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 * Enhanced CPU detection and feature setting code by Mike Jagdis
7 * and Martin Mares, November 1997.
11 #include <linux/threads.h>
12 #include <linux/linkage.h>
13 #include <asm/segment.h>
15 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
17 #include <asm/cache.h>
18 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
19 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
20 #include <asm/setup.h>
23 * References to members of the new_cpu_data structure.
26 #define X86 new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86
27 #define X86_VENDOR new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_vendor
28 #define X86_MODEL new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_model
29 #define X86_MASK new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_mask
30 #define X86_HARD_MATH new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_hard_math
31 #define X86_CPUID new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_cpuid_level
32 #define X86_CAPABILITY new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_capability
33 #define X86_VENDOR_ID new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_vendor_id
36 * This is how much memory *in addition to the memory covered up to
37 * and including _end* we need mapped initially.
39 * - one bit for each possible page, but only in low memory, which means
40 * 2^32/4096/8 = 128K worst case (4G/4G split.)
41 * - enough space to map all low memory, which means
42 * (2^32/4096) / 1024 pages (worst case, non PAE)
43 * (2^32/4096) / 512 + 4 pages (worst case for PAE)
44 * - a few pages for allocator use before the kernel pagetable has
47 * Modulo rounding, each megabyte assigned here requires a kilobyte of
48 * memory, which is currently unreclaimed.
50 * This should be a multiple of a page.
52 LOW_PAGES = 1<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT_asm)
55 * To preserve the DMA pool in PAGEALLOC kernels, we'll allocate
56 * pagetables from above the 16MB DMA limit, so we'll have to set
57 * up pagetables 16MB more (worst-case):
59 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
60 LOW_PAGES = LOW_PAGES + 0x1000000
64 PAGE_TABLE_SIZE = (LOW_PAGES / PTRS_PER_PMD) + PTRS_PER_PGD
66 PAGE_TABLE_SIZE = (LOW_PAGES / PTRS_PER_PGD)
68 BOOTBITMAP_SIZE = LOW_PAGES / 8
71 INIT_MAP_BEYOND_END = BOOTBITMAP_SIZE + (PAGE_TABLE_SIZE + ALLOCATOR_SLOP)*PAGE_SIZE_asm
74 * 32-bit kernel entrypoint; only used by the boot CPU. On entry,
75 * %esi points to the real-mode code as a 32-bit pointer.
76 * CS and DS must be 4 GB flat segments, but we don't depend on
77 * any particular GDT layout, because we load our own as soon as we
80 .section .text.head,"ax",@progbits
82 /* check to see if KEEP_SEGMENTS flag is meaningful */
83 cmpw $0x207, BP_version(%esi)
86 /* test KEEP_SEGMENTS flag to see if the bootloader is asking
87 us to not reload segments */
88 testb $(1<<6), BP_loadflags(%esi)
92 * Set segments to known values.
94 1: lgdt boot_gdt_descr - __PAGE_OFFSET
95 movl $(__BOOT_DS),%eax
103 * Clear BSS first so that there are no surprises...
107 movl $__bss_start - __PAGE_OFFSET,%edi
108 movl $__bss_stop - __PAGE_OFFSET,%ecx
113 * Copy bootup parameters out of the way.
114 * Note: %esi still has the pointer to the real-mode data.
115 * With the kexec as boot loader, parameter segment might be loaded beyond
116 * kernel image and might not even be addressable by early boot page tables.
117 * (kexec on panic case). Hence copy out the parameters before initializing
120 movl $(boot_params - __PAGE_OFFSET),%edi
121 movl $(PARAM_SIZE/4),%ecx
125 movl boot_params - __PAGE_OFFSET + NEW_CL_POINTER,%esi
127 jz 1f # No comand line
128 movl $(boot_command_line - __PAGE_OFFSET),%edi
129 movl $(COMMAND_LINE_SIZE/4),%ecx
134 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
135 cmpw $0x207, (boot_params + BP_version - __PAGE_OFFSET)
138 /* Paravirt-compatible boot parameters. Look to see what architecture
139 we're booting under. */
140 movl (boot_params + BP_hardware_subarch - __PAGE_OFFSET), %eax
141 cmpl $num_subarch_entries, %eax
144 movl subarch_entries - __PAGE_OFFSET(,%eax,4), %eax
145 subl $__PAGE_OFFSET, %eax
151 /* Unknown implementation; there's really
152 nothing we can do at this point. */
156 .long default_entry /* normal x86/PC */
157 .long lguest_entry /* lguest hypervisor */
158 .long xen_entry /* Xen hypervisor */
159 num_subarch_entries = (. - subarch_entries) / 4
161 #endif /* CONFIG_PARAVIRT */
164 * Initialize page tables. This creates a PDE and a set of page
165 * tables, which are located immediately beyond _end. The variable
166 * init_pg_tables_end is set up to point to the first "safe" location.
167 * Mappings are created both at virtual address 0 (identity mapping)
168 * and PAGE_OFFSET for up to _end+sizeof(page tables)+INIT_MAP_BEYOND_END.
170 * Warning: don't use %esi or the stack in this code. However, %esp
171 * can be used as a GPR if you really need it...
173 page_pde_offset = (__PAGE_OFFSET >> 20);
176 movl $(pg0 - __PAGE_OFFSET), %edi
177 movl $(swapper_pg_dir - __PAGE_OFFSET), %edx
178 movl $0x007, %eax /* 0x007 = PRESENT+RW+USER */
180 leal 0x007(%edi),%ecx /* Create PDE entry */
181 movl %ecx,(%edx) /* Store identity PDE entry */
182 movl %ecx,page_pde_offset(%edx) /* Store kernel PDE entry */
189 /* End condition: we must map up to and including INIT_MAP_BEYOND_END */
190 /* bytes beyond the end of our own page tables; the +0x007 is the attribute bits */
191 leal (INIT_MAP_BEYOND_END+0x007)(%edi),%ebp
194 movl %edi,(init_pg_tables_end - __PAGE_OFFSET)
196 /* Do an early initialization of the fixmap area */
197 movl $(swapper_pg_dir - __PAGE_OFFSET), %edx
198 movl $(swapper_pg_pmd - __PAGE_OFFSET), %eax
199 addl $0x67, %eax /* 0x67 == _PAGE_TABLE */
200 movl %eax, 4092(%edx)
202 xorl %ebx,%ebx /* This is the boot CPU (BSP) */
205 * Non-boot CPU entry point; entered from trampoline.S
206 * We can't lgdt here, because lgdt itself uses a data segment, but
207 * we know the trampoline has already loaded the boot_gdt for us.
209 * If cpu hotplug is not supported then this code can go in init section
210 * which will be freed later
213 #ifndef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
214 .section .init.text,"ax",@progbits
218 ENTRY(startup_32_smp)
220 movl $(__BOOT_DS),%eax
227 * New page tables may be in 4Mbyte page mode and may
228 * be using the global pages.
230 * NOTE! If we are on a 486 we may have no cr4 at all!
231 * So we do not try to touch it unless we really have
232 * some bits in it to set. This won't work if the BSP
233 * implements cr4 but this AP does not -- very unlikely
234 * but be warned! The same applies to the pse feature
235 * if not equally supported. --macro
237 * NOTE! We have to correct for the fact that we're
238 * not yet offset PAGE_OFFSET..
240 #define cr4_bits mmu_cr4_features-__PAGE_OFFSET
244 movl %cr4,%eax # Turn on paging options (PSE,PAE,..)
248 btl $5, %eax # check if PAE is enabled
251 /* Check if extended functions are implemented */
252 movl $0x80000000, %eax
254 cmpl $0x80000000, %eax
256 mov $0x80000001, %eax
258 /* Execute Disable bit supported? */
262 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
263 movl $0xc0000080, %ecx
267 /* Make changes effective */
271 /* This is a secondary processor (AP) */
275 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
281 movl $swapper_pg_dir-__PAGE_OFFSET,%eax
282 movl %eax,%cr3 /* set the page table pointer.. */
285 movl %eax,%cr0 /* ..and set paging (PG) bit */
286 ljmp $__BOOT_CS,$1f /* Clear prefetch and normalize %eip */
288 /* Set up the stack pointer */
292 * Initialize eflags. Some BIOS's leave bits like NT set. This would
293 * confuse the debugger if this code is traced.
294 * XXX - best to initialize before switching to protected mode.
301 jz 1f /* Initial CPU cleans BSS */
304 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
307 * start system 32-bit setup. We need to re-do some of the things done
308 * in 16-bit mode for the "real" operations.
314 movl $-1,X86_CPUID # -1 for no CPUID initially
316 /* check if it is 486 or 386. */
318 * XXX - this does a lot of unnecessary setup. Alignment checks don't
319 * apply at our cpl of 0 and the stack ought to be aligned already, and
320 * we don't need to preserve eflags.
323 movb $3,X86 # at least 386
325 popl %eax # get EFLAGS
326 movl %eax,%ecx # save original EFLAGS
327 xorl $0x240000,%eax # flip AC and ID bits in EFLAGS
328 pushl %eax # copy to EFLAGS
330 pushfl # get new EFLAGS
331 popl %eax # put it in eax
332 xorl %ecx,%eax # change in flags
333 pushl %ecx # restore original EFLAGS
335 testl $0x40000,%eax # check if AC bit changed
338 movb $4,X86 # at least 486
339 testl $0x200000,%eax # check if ID bit changed
342 /* get vendor info */
343 xorl %eax,%eax # call CPUID with 0 -> return vendor ID
345 movl %eax,X86_CPUID # save CPUID level
346 movl %ebx,X86_VENDOR_ID # lo 4 chars
347 movl %edx,X86_VENDOR_ID+4 # next 4 chars
348 movl %ecx,X86_VENDOR_ID+8 # last 4 chars
350 orl %eax,%eax # do we have processor info as well?
353 movl $1,%eax # Use the CPUID instruction to get CPU type
355 movb %al,%cl # save reg for future use
356 andb $0x0f,%ah # mask processor family
358 andb $0xf0,%al # mask model
361 andb $0x0f,%cl # mask mask revision
363 movl %edx,X86_CAPABILITY
365 is486: movl $0x50022,%ecx # set AM, WP, NE and MP
368 is386: movl $2,%ecx # set MP
370 andl $0x80000011,%eax # Save PG,PE,ET
377 ljmp $(__KERNEL_CS),$1f
378 1: movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax # reload all the segment registers
379 movl %eax,%ss # after changing gdt.
380 movl %eax,%fs # gets reset once there's real percpu
382 movl $(__USER_DS),%eax # DS/ES contains default USER segment
386 xorl %eax,%eax # Clear GS and LDT
390 cld # gcc2 wants the direction flag cleared at all times
391 pushl $0 # fake return address for unwinder
395 cmpb $0,%cl # the first CPU calls start_kernel
397 movl $(__KERNEL_PERCPU), %eax
398 movl %eax,%fs # set this cpu's percpu
399 jmp initialize_secondary # all other CPUs call initialize_secondary
401 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
405 * We depend on ET to be correct. This checks for 287/387.
408 movb $0,X86_HARD_MATH
414 movl %cr0,%eax /* no coprocessor: have to set bits */
415 xorl $4,%eax /* set EM */
419 1: movb $1,X86_HARD_MATH
420 .byte 0xDB,0xE4 /* fsetpm for 287, ignored by 387 */
426 * sets up a idt with 256 entries pointing to
427 * ignore_int, interrupt gates. It doesn't actually load
428 * idt - that can be done only after paging has been enabled
429 * and the kernel moved to PAGE_OFFSET. Interrupts
430 * are enabled elsewhere, when we can be relatively
431 * sure everything is ok.
433 * Warning: %esi is live across this function.
437 movl $(__KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
438 movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
439 movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
450 .macro set_early_handler handler,trapno
452 movl $(__KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
454 movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
456 movl %eax,8*\trapno(%edi)
457 movl %edx,8*\trapno+4(%edi)
460 set_early_handler handler=early_divide_err,trapno=0
461 set_early_handler handler=early_illegal_opcode,trapno=6
462 set_early_handler handler=early_protection_fault,trapno=13
463 set_early_handler handler=early_page_fault,trapno=14
469 pushl $0 /* fake errcode */
472 early_illegal_opcode:
474 pushl $0 /* fake errcode */
477 early_protection_fault:
489 movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax
492 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag
494 incl early_recursion_flag
497 pushl %edx /* trapno */
499 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
509 /* This is the default interrupt "handler" :-) */
519 movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax
522 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag
524 incl early_recursion_flag
530 #ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK
546 * Real beginning of normal "text" segment
554 .section ".bss.page_aligned","wa"
556 ENTRY(swapper_pg_dir)
558 ENTRY(swapper_pg_pmd)
560 ENTRY(empty_zero_page)
564 * This starts the data section.
568 .long init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE
573 early_recursion_flag:
577 .asciz "Unknown interrupt or fault at EIP %p %p %p\n"
581 /* fault info: */ "BUG: Int %d: CR2 %p\n" \
582 /* pusha regs: */ " EDI %p ESI %p EBP %p ESP %p\n" \
583 " EBX %p EDX %p ECX %p EAX %p\n" \
584 /* fault frame: */ " err %p EIP %p CS %p flg %p\n" \
586 "Stack: %p %p %p %p %p %p %p %p\n" \
587 " %p %p %p %p %p %p %p %p\n" \
588 " %p %p %p %p %p %p %p %p\n"
590 #include "../../x86/xen/xen-head.S"
593 * The IDT and GDT 'descriptors' are a strange 48-bit object
594 * only used by the lidt and lgdt instructions. They are not
595 * like usual segment descriptors - they consist of a 16-bit
596 * segment size, and 32-bit linear address value:
599 .globl boot_gdt_descr
603 # early boot GDT descriptor (must use 1:1 address mapping)
604 .word 0 # 32 bit align gdt_desc.address
607 .long boot_gdt - __PAGE_OFFSET
609 .word 0 # 32-bit align idt_desc.address
611 .word IDT_ENTRIES*8-1 # idt contains 256 entries
614 # boot GDT descriptor (later on used by CPU#0):
615 .word 0 # 32 bit align gdt_desc.address
616 ENTRY(early_gdt_descr)
617 .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1
618 .long per_cpu__gdt_page /* Overwritten for secondary CPUs */
621 * The boot_gdt must mirror the equivalent in setup.S and is
622 * used only for booting.
624 .align L1_CACHE_BYTES
626 .fill GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_CS,8,0
627 .quad 0x00cf9a000000ffff /* kernel 4GB code at 0x00000000 */
628 .quad 0x00cf92000000ffff /* kernel 4GB data at 0x00000000 */