2 * Dynamic DMA mapping support for AMD Hammer.
4 * Use the integrated AGP GART in the Hammer northbridge as an IOMMU for PCI.
5 * This allows to use PCI devices that only support 32bit addresses on systems
8 * See Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt for the interface specification.
10 * Copyright 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
11 * Subject to the GNU General Public License v2 only.
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/ctype.h>
16 #include <linux/agp_backend.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
19 #include <linux/string.h>
20 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
21 #include <linux/pci.h>
22 #include <linux/module.h>
23 #include <linux/topology.h>
24 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
25 #include <linux/bitops.h>
26 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
27 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
28 #include <linux/iommu-helper.h>
29 #include <asm/atomic.h>
32 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
33 #include <asm/proto.h>
35 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
36 #include <asm/swiotlb.h>
40 static unsigned long iommu_bus_base; /* GART remapping area (physical) */
41 static unsigned long iommu_size; /* size of remapping area bytes */
42 static unsigned long iommu_pages; /* .. and in pages */
44 static u32 *iommu_gatt_base; /* Remapping table */
47 * If this is disabled the IOMMU will use an optimized flushing strategy
48 * of only flushing when an mapping is reused. With it true the GART is
49 * flushed for every mapping. Problem is that doing the lazy flush seems
50 * to trigger bugs with some popular PCI cards, in particular 3ware (but
51 * has been also also seen with Qlogic at least).
53 int iommu_fullflush = 1;
55 /* Allocation bitmap for the remapping area: */
56 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(iommu_bitmap_lock);
57 /* Guarded by iommu_bitmap_lock: */
58 static unsigned long *iommu_gart_bitmap;
60 static u32 gart_unmapped_entry;
63 #define GPTE_COHERENT 2
64 #define GPTE_ENCODE(x) \
65 (((x) & 0xfffff000) | (((x) >> 32) << 4) | GPTE_VALID | GPTE_COHERENT)
66 #define GPTE_DECODE(x) (((x) & 0xfffff000) | (((u64)(x) & 0xff0) << 28))
68 #define to_pages(addr, size) \
69 (round_up(((addr) & ~PAGE_MASK) + (size), PAGE_SIZE) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
71 #define EMERGENCY_PAGES 32 /* = 128KB */
74 #define AGPEXTERN extern
79 /* backdoor interface to AGP driver */
80 AGPEXTERN int agp_memory_reserved;
81 AGPEXTERN __u32 *agp_gatt_table;
83 static unsigned long next_bit; /* protected by iommu_bitmap_lock */
84 static int need_flush; /* global flush state. set for each gart wrap */
86 static unsigned long alloc_iommu(struct device *dev, int size)
88 unsigned long offset, flags;
89 unsigned long boundary_size;
90 unsigned long base_index;
92 base_index = ALIGN(iommu_bus_base & dma_get_seg_boundary(dev),
93 PAGE_SIZE) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
94 boundary_size = ALIGN(dma_get_seg_boundary(dev) + 1,
95 PAGE_SIZE) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
97 spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu_bitmap_lock, flags);
98 offset = iommu_area_alloc(iommu_gart_bitmap, iommu_pages, next_bit,
99 size, base_index, boundary_size, 0);
102 offset = iommu_area_alloc(iommu_gart_bitmap, iommu_pages, 0,
103 size, base_index, boundary_size, 0);
106 set_bit_string(iommu_gart_bitmap, offset, size);
107 next_bit = offset+size;
108 if (next_bit >= iommu_pages) {
115 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu_bitmap_lock, flags);
120 static void free_iommu(unsigned long offset, int size)
124 spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu_bitmap_lock, flags);
125 iommu_area_free(iommu_gart_bitmap, offset, size);
126 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu_bitmap_lock, flags);
130 * Use global flush state to avoid races with multiple flushers.
132 static void flush_gart(void)
136 spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu_bitmap_lock, flags);
141 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu_bitmap_lock, flags);
144 #ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_LEAK
146 #define SET_LEAK(x) \
148 if (iommu_leak_tab) \
149 iommu_leak_tab[x] = __builtin_return_address(0);\
152 #define CLEAR_LEAK(x) \
154 if (iommu_leak_tab) \
155 iommu_leak_tab[x] = NULL; \
158 /* Debugging aid for drivers that don't free their IOMMU tables */
159 static void **iommu_leak_tab;
160 static int leak_trace;
161 static int iommu_leak_pages = 20;
163 static void dump_leak(void)
168 if (dump || !iommu_leak_tab)
171 show_stack(NULL, NULL);
173 /* Very crude. dump some from the end of the table too */
174 printk(KERN_DEBUG "Dumping %d pages from end of IOMMU:\n",
176 for (i = 0; i < iommu_leak_pages; i += 2) {
177 printk(KERN_DEBUG "%lu: ", iommu_pages-i);
178 printk_address((unsigned long) iommu_leak_tab[iommu_pages-i], 0);
179 printk(KERN_CONT "%c", (i+1)%2 == 0 ? '\n' : ' ');
181 printk(KERN_DEBUG "\n");
185 # define CLEAR_LEAK(x)
188 static void iommu_full(struct device *dev, size_t size, int dir)
191 * Ran out of IOMMU space for this operation. This is very bad.
192 * Unfortunately the drivers cannot handle this operation properly.
193 * Return some non mapped prereserved space in the aperture and
194 * let the Northbridge deal with it. This will result in garbage
195 * in the IO operation. When the size exceeds the prereserved space
196 * memory corruption will occur or random memory will be DMAed
197 * out. Hopefully no network devices use single mappings that big.
201 "PCI-DMA: Out of IOMMU space for %lu bytes at device %s\n",
204 if (size > PAGE_SIZE*EMERGENCY_PAGES) {
205 if (dir == PCI_DMA_FROMDEVICE || dir == PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL)
206 panic("PCI-DMA: Memory would be corrupted\n");
207 if (dir == PCI_DMA_TODEVICE || dir == PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL)
209 "PCI-DMA: Random memory would be DMAed\n");
211 #ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_LEAK
217 need_iommu(struct device *dev, unsigned long addr, size_t size)
219 u64 mask = *dev->dma_mask;
220 int high = addr + size > mask;
230 nonforced_iommu(struct device *dev, unsigned long addr, size_t size)
232 u64 mask = *dev->dma_mask;
233 int high = addr + size > mask;
239 /* Map a single continuous physical area into the IOMMU.
240 * Caller needs to check if the iommu is needed and flush.
242 static dma_addr_t dma_map_area(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t phys_mem,
243 size_t size, int dir)
245 unsigned long npages = to_pages(phys_mem, size);
246 unsigned long iommu_page = alloc_iommu(dev, npages);
249 if (iommu_page == -1) {
250 if (!nonforced_iommu(dev, phys_mem, size))
252 if (panic_on_overflow)
253 panic("dma_map_area overflow %lu bytes\n", size);
254 iommu_full(dev, size, dir);
255 return bad_dma_address;
258 for (i = 0; i < npages; i++) {
259 iommu_gatt_base[iommu_page + i] = GPTE_ENCODE(phys_mem);
260 SET_LEAK(iommu_page + i);
261 phys_mem += PAGE_SIZE;
263 return iommu_bus_base + iommu_page*PAGE_SIZE + (phys_mem & ~PAGE_MASK);
267 gart_map_simple(struct device *dev, phys_addr_t paddr, size_t size, int dir)
269 dma_addr_t map = dma_map_area(dev, paddr, size, dir);
276 /* Map a single area into the IOMMU */
278 gart_map_single(struct device *dev, phys_addr_t paddr, size_t size, int dir)
285 if (!need_iommu(dev, paddr, size))
288 bus = gart_map_simple(dev, paddr, size, dir);
294 * Free a DMA mapping.
296 static void gart_unmap_single(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr,
297 size_t size, int direction)
299 unsigned long iommu_page;
303 if (dma_addr < iommu_bus_base + EMERGENCY_PAGES*PAGE_SIZE ||
304 dma_addr >= iommu_bus_base + iommu_size)
307 iommu_page = (dma_addr - iommu_bus_base)>>PAGE_SHIFT;
308 npages = to_pages(dma_addr, size);
309 for (i = 0; i < npages; i++) {
310 iommu_gatt_base[iommu_page + i] = gart_unmapped_entry;
311 CLEAR_LEAK(iommu_page + i);
313 free_iommu(iommu_page, npages);
317 * Wrapper for pci_unmap_single working with scatterlists.
320 gart_unmap_sg(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg, int nents, int dir)
322 struct scatterlist *s;
325 for_each_sg(sg, s, nents, i) {
326 if (!s->dma_length || !s->length)
328 gart_unmap_single(dev, s->dma_address, s->dma_length, dir);
332 /* Fallback for dma_map_sg in case of overflow */
333 static int dma_map_sg_nonforce(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg,
336 struct scatterlist *s;
339 #ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_DEBUG
340 printk(KERN_DEBUG "dma_map_sg overflow\n");
343 for_each_sg(sg, s, nents, i) {
344 unsigned long addr = sg_phys(s);
346 if (nonforced_iommu(dev, addr, s->length)) {
347 addr = dma_map_area(dev, addr, s->length, dir);
348 if (addr == bad_dma_address) {
350 gart_unmap_sg(dev, sg, i, dir);
352 sg[0].dma_length = 0;
356 s->dma_address = addr;
357 s->dma_length = s->length;
364 /* Map multiple scatterlist entries continuous into the first. */
365 static int __dma_map_cont(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *start,
366 int nelems, struct scatterlist *sout,
369 unsigned long iommu_start = alloc_iommu(dev, pages);
370 unsigned long iommu_page = iommu_start;
371 struct scatterlist *s;
374 if (iommu_start == -1)
377 for_each_sg(start, s, nelems, i) {
378 unsigned long pages, addr;
379 unsigned long phys_addr = s->dma_address;
381 BUG_ON(s != start && s->offset);
383 sout->dma_address = iommu_bus_base;
384 sout->dma_address += iommu_page*PAGE_SIZE + s->offset;
385 sout->dma_length = s->length;
387 sout->dma_length += s->length;
391 pages = to_pages(s->offset, s->length);
393 iommu_gatt_base[iommu_page] = GPTE_ENCODE(addr);
394 SET_LEAK(iommu_page);
399 BUG_ON(iommu_page - iommu_start != pages);
405 dma_map_cont(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *start, int nelems,
406 struct scatterlist *sout, unsigned long pages, int need)
410 sout->dma_address = start->dma_address;
411 sout->dma_length = start->length;
414 return __dma_map_cont(dev, start, nelems, sout, pages);
418 * DMA map all entries in a scatterlist.
419 * Merge chunks that have page aligned sizes into a continuous mapping.
422 gart_map_sg(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg, int nents, int dir)
424 struct scatterlist *s, *ps, *start_sg, *sgmap;
425 int need = 0, nextneed, i, out, start;
426 unsigned long pages = 0;
427 unsigned int seg_size;
428 unsigned int max_seg_size;
438 start_sg = sgmap = sg;
440 max_seg_size = dma_get_max_seg_size(dev);
441 ps = NULL; /* shut up gcc */
442 for_each_sg(sg, s, nents, i) {
443 dma_addr_t addr = sg_phys(s);
445 s->dma_address = addr;
446 BUG_ON(s->length == 0);
448 nextneed = need_iommu(dev, addr, s->length);
450 /* Handle the previous not yet processed entries */
453 * Can only merge when the last chunk ends on a
454 * page boundary and the new one doesn't have an
457 if (!iommu_merge || !nextneed || !need || s->offset ||
458 (s->length + seg_size > max_seg_size) ||
459 (ps->offset + ps->length) % PAGE_SIZE) {
460 if (dma_map_cont(dev, start_sg, i - start,
461 sgmap, pages, need) < 0)
465 sgmap = sg_next(sgmap);
472 seg_size += s->length;
474 pages += to_pages(s->offset, s->length);
477 if (dma_map_cont(dev, start_sg, i - start, sgmap, pages, need) < 0)
482 sgmap = sg_next(sgmap);
483 sgmap->dma_length = 0;
489 gart_unmap_sg(dev, sg, out, dir);
491 /* When it was forced or merged try again in a dumb way */
492 if (force_iommu || iommu_merge) {
493 out = dma_map_sg_nonforce(dev, sg, nents, dir);
497 if (panic_on_overflow)
498 panic("dma_map_sg: overflow on %lu pages\n", pages);
500 iommu_full(dev, pages << PAGE_SHIFT, dir);
501 for_each_sg(sg, s, nents, i)
502 s->dma_address = bad_dma_address;
508 static __init unsigned long check_iommu_size(unsigned long aper, u64 aper_size)
513 iommu_size = aper_size;
518 a = aper + iommu_size;
519 iommu_size -= round_up(a, PMD_PAGE_SIZE) - a;
521 if (iommu_size < 64*1024*1024) {
523 "PCI-DMA: Warning: Small IOMMU %luMB."
524 " Consider increasing the AGP aperture in BIOS\n",
531 static __init unsigned read_aperture(struct pci_dev *dev, u32 *size)
533 unsigned aper_size = 0, aper_base_32, aper_order;
536 pci_read_config_dword(dev, 0x94, &aper_base_32);
537 pci_read_config_dword(dev, 0x90, &aper_order);
538 aper_order = (aper_order >> 1) & 7;
540 aper_base = aper_base_32 & 0x7fff;
543 aper_size = (32 * 1024 * 1024) << aper_order;
544 if (aper_base + aper_size > 0x100000000UL || !aper_size)
552 * Private Northbridge GATT initialization in case we cannot use the
553 * AGP driver for some reason.
555 static __init int init_k8_gatt(struct agp_kern_info *info)
557 unsigned aper_size, gatt_size, new_aper_size;
558 unsigned aper_base, new_aper_base;
563 printk(KERN_INFO "PCI-DMA: Disabling AGP.\n");
564 aper_size = aper_base = info->aper_size = 0;
566 for (i = 0; i < num_k8_northbridges; i++) {
567 dev = k8_northbridges[i];
568 new_aper_base = read_aperture(dev, &new_aper_size);
573 aper_size = new_aper_size;
574 aper_base = new_aper_base;
576 if (aper_size != new_aper_size || aper_base != new_aper_base)
581 info->aper_base = aper_base;
582 info->aper_size = aper_size >> 20;
584 gatt_size = (aper_size >> PAGE_SHIFT) * sizeof(u32);
585 gatt = (void *)__get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL, get_order(gatt_size));
587 panic("Cannot allocate GATT table");
588 if (set_memory_uc((unsigned long)gatt, gatt_size >> PAGE_SHIFT))
589 panic("Could not set GART PTEs to uncacheable pages");
591 memset(gatt, 0, gatt_size);
592 agp_gatt_table = gatt;
594 for (i = 0; i < num_k8_northbridges; i++) {
598 dev = k8_northbridges[i];
599 gatt_reg = __pa(gatt) >> 12;
601 pci_write_config_dword(dev, 0x98, gatt_reg);
602 pci_read_config_dword(dev, 0x90, &ctl);
605 ctl &= ~((1<<4) | (1<<5));
607 pci_write_config_dword(dev, 0x90, ctl);
611 printk(KERN_INFO "PCI-DMA: aperture base @ %x size %u KB\n",
612 aper_base, aper_size>>10);
616 /* Should not happen anymore */
617 printk(KERN_WARNING "PCI-DMA: More than 4GB of RAM and no IOMMU\n"
618 KERN_WARNING "falling back to iommu=soft.\n");
622 extern int agp_amd64_init(void);
624 static const struct dma_mapping_ops gart_dma_ops = {
625 .mapping_error = NULL,
626 .map_single = gart_map_single,
627 .map_simple = gart_map_simple,
628 .unmap_single = gart_unmap_single,
629 .sync_single_for_cpu = NULL,
630 .sync_single_for_device = NULL,
631 .sync_single_range_for_cpu = NULL,
632 .sync_single_range_for_device = NULL,
633 .sync_sg_for_cpu = NULL,
634 .sync_sg_for_device = NULL,
635 .map_sg = gart_map_sg,
636 .unmap_sg = gart_unmap_sg,
639 void gart_iommu_shutdown(void)
644 if (no_agp && (dma_ops != &gart_dma_ops))
647 for (i = 0; i < num_k8_northbridges; i++) {
650 dev = k8_northbridges[i];
651 pci_read_config_dword(dev, 0x90, &ctl);
655 pci_write_config_dword(dev, 0x90, ctl);
659 void __init gart_iommu_init(void)
661 struct agp_kern_info info;
662 unsigned long iommu_start;
663 unsigned long aper_size;
664 unsigned long scratch;
667 if (cache_k8_northbridges() < 0 || num_k8_northbridges == 0) {
668 printk(KERN_INFO "PCI-GART: No AMD northbridge found.\n");
672 #ifndef CONFIG_AGP_AMD64
675 /* Makefile puts PCI initialization via subsys_initcall first. */
676 /* Add other K8 AGP bridge drivers here */
678 (agp_amd64_init() < 0) ||
679 (agp_copy_info(agp_bridge, &info) < 0);
685 /* Did we detect a different HW IOMMU? */
686 if (iommu_detected && !gart_iommu_aperture)
690 (!force_iommu && end_pfn <= MAX_DMA32_PFN) ||
691 !gart_iommu_aperture ||
692 (no_agp && init_k8_gatt(&info) < 0)) {
693 if (end_pfn > MAX_DMA32_PFN) {
694 printk(KERN_WARNING "More than 4GB of memory "
695 "but GART IOMMU not available.\n"
696 KERN_WARNING "falling back to iommu=soft.\n");
701 printk(KERN_INFO "PCI-DMA: using GART IOMMU.\n");
702 aper_size = info.aper_size * 1024 * 1024;
703 iommu_size = check_iommu_size(info.aper_base, aper_size);
704 iommu_pages = iommu_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
706 iommu_gart_bitmap = (void *) __get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL,
707 get_order(iommu_pages/8));
708 if (!iommu_gart_bitmap)
709 panic("Cannot allocate iommu bitmap\n");
710 memset(iommu_gart_bitmap, 0, iommu_pages/8);
712 #ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_LEAK
714 iommu_leak_tab = (void *)__get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL,
715 get_order(iommu_pages*sizeof(void *)));
717 memset(iommu_leak_tab, 0, iommu_pages * 8);
720 "PCI-DMA: Cannot allocate leak trace area\n");
725 * Out of IOMMU space handling.
726 * Reserve some invalid pages at the beginning of the GART.
728 set_bit_string(iommu_gart_bitmap, 0, EMERGENCY_PAGES);
730 agp_memory_reserved = iommu_size;
732 "PCI-DMA: Reserving %luMB of IOMMU area in the AGP aperture\n",
735 iommu_start = aper_size - iommu_size;
736 iommu_bus_base = info.aper_base + iommu_start;
737 bad_dma_address = iommu_bus_base;
738 iommu_gatt_base = agp_gatt_table + (iommu_start>>PAGE_SHIFT);
741 * Unmap the IOMMU part of the GART. The alias of the page is
742 * always mapped with cache enabled and there is no full cache
743 * coherency across the GART remapping. The unmapping avoids
744 * automatic prefetches from the CPU allocating cache lines in
745 * there. All CPU accesses are done via the direct mapping to
746 * the backing memory. The GART address is only used by PCI
749 set_memory_np((unsigned long)__va(iommu_bus_base),
750 iommu_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
752 * Tricky. The GART table remaps the physical memory range,
753 * so the CPU wont notice potential aliases and if the memory
754 * is remapped to UC later on, we might surprise the PCI devices
755 * with a stray writeout of a cacheline. So play it sure and
756 * do an explicit, full-scale wbinvd() _after_ having marked all
757 * the pages as Not-Present:
762 * Try to workaround a bug (thanks to BenH)
763 * Set unmapped entries to a scratch page instead of 0.
764 * Any prefetches that hit unmapped entries won't get an bus abort
767 scratch = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
769 panic("Cannot allocate iommu scratch page");
770 gart_unmapped_entry = GPTE_ENCODE(__pa(scratch));
771 for (i = EMERGENCY_PAGES; i < iommu_pages; i++)
772 iommu_gatt_base[i] = gart_unmapped_entry;
775 dma_ops = &gart_dma_ops;
778 void __init gart_parse_options(char *p)
782 #ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_LEAK
783 if (!strncmp(p, "leak", 4)) {
787 if (isdigit(*p) && get_option(&p, &arg))
788 iommu_leak_pages = arg;
791 if (isdigit(*p) && get_option(&p, &arg))
793 if (!strncmp(p, "fullflush", 8))
795 if (!strncmp(p, "nofullflush", 11))
797 if (!strncmp(p, "noagp", 5))
799 if (!strncmp(p, "noaperture", 10))
801 /* duplicated from pci-dma.c */
802 if (!strncmp(p, "force", 5))
803 gart_iommu_aperture_allowed = 1;
804 if (!strncmp(p, "allowed", 7))
805 gart_iommu_aperture_allowed = 1;
806 if (!strncmp(p, "memaper", 7)) {
807 fallback_aper_force = 1;
811 if (get_option(&p, &arg))
812 fallback_aper_order = arg;