4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
8 * This file contains the default values for the operation of the
9 * Linux VM subsystem. Fine-tuning documentation can be found in
10 * Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt.
12 * Swap aging added 23.2.95, Stephen Tweedie.
13 * Buffermem limits added 12.3.98, Rik van Riel.
17 #include <linux/sched.h>
18 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
19 #include <linux/swap.h>
20 #include <linux/mman.h>
21 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
22 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
23 #include <linux/init.h>
24 #include <linux/module.h>
25 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
26 #include <linux/buffer_head.h> /* for try_to_release_page() */
27 #include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
28 #include <linux/percpu.h>
29 #include <linux/cpu.h>
30 #include <linux/notifier.h>
31 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
32 #include <linux/memcontrol.h>
34 /* How many pages do we try to swap or page in/out together? */
37 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct pagevec, lru_add_pvecs) = { 0, };
38 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct pagevec, lru_add_active_pvecs) = { 0, };
39 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct pagevec, lru_rotate_pvecs) = { 0, };
42 * This path almost never happens for VM activity - pages are normally
43 * freed via pagevecs. But it gets used by networking.
45 static void __page_cache_release(struct page *page)
49 struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
51 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
52 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLRU(page));
54 del_page_from_lru(zone, page);
55 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
60 static void put_compound_page(struct page *page)
62 page = compound_head(page);
63 if (put_page_testzero(page)) {
64 compound_page_dtor *dtor;
66 dtor = get_compound_page_dtor(page);
71 void put_page(struct page *page)
73 if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
74 put_compound_page(page);
75 else if (put_page_testzero(page))
76 __page_cache_release(page);
78 EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_page);
81 * put_pages_list() - release a list of pages
82 * @pages: list of pages threaded on page->lru
84 * Release a list of pages which are strung together on page.lru. Currently
85 * used by read_cache_pages() and related error recovery code.
87 void put_pages_list(struct list_head *pages)
89 while (!list_empty(pages)) {
92 victim = list_entry(pages->prev, struct page, lru);
93 list_del(&victim->lru);
94 page_cache_release(victim);
97 EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_pages_list);
100 * pagevec_move_tail() must be called with IRQ disabled.
101 * Otherwise this may cause nasty races.
103 static void pagevec_move_tail(struct pagevec *pvec)
107 struct zone *zone = NULL;
109 for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
110 struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];
111 struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);
113 if (pagezone != zone) {
115 spin_unlock(&zone->lru_lock);
117 spin_lock(&zone->lru_lock);
119 if (PageLRU(page) && !PageActive(page)) {
120 list_move_tail(&page->lru, &zone->inactive_list);
125 spin_unlock(&zone->lru_lock);
126 __count_vm_events(PGROTATED, pgmoved);
127 release_pages(pvec->pages, pvec->nr, pvec->cold);
128 pagevec_reinit(pvec);
132 * Writeback is about to end against a page which has been marked for immediate
133 * reclaim. If it still appears to be reclaimable, move it to the tail of the
136 void rotate_reclaimable_page(struct page *page)
138 if (!PageLocked(page) && !PageDirty(page) && !PageActive(page) &&
140 struct pagevec *pvec;
143 page_cache_get(page);
144 local_irq_save(flags);
145 pvec = &__get_cpu_var(lru_rotate_pvecs);
146 if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page))
147 pagevec_move_tail(pvec);
148 local_irq_restore(flags);
153 * FIXME: speed this up?
155 void activate_page(struct page *page)
157 struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
159 spin_lock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
160 if (PageLRU(page) && !PageActive(page)) {
161 del_page_from_inactive_list(zone, page);
163 add_page_to_active_list(zone, page);
164 __count_vm_event(PGACTIVATE);
165 mem_cgroup_move_lists(page, true);
167 spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
171 * Mark a page as having seen activity.
173 * inactive,unreferenced -> inactive,referenced
174 * inactive,referenced -> active,unreferenced
175 * active,unreferenced -> active,referenced
177 void mark_page_accessed(struct page *page)
179 if (!PageActive(page) && PageReferenced(page) && PageLRU(page)) {
181 ClearPageReferenced(page);
182 } else if (!PageReferenced(page)) {
183 SetPageReferenced(page);
187 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mark_page_accessed);
190 * lru_cache_add: add a page to the page lists
191 * @page: the page to add
193 void lru_cache_add(struct page *page)
195 struct pagevec *pvec = &get_cpu_var(lru_add_pvecs);
197 page_cache_get(page);
198 if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page))
199 __pagevec_lru_add(pvec);
200 put_cpu_var(lru_add_pvecs);
203 void lru_cache_add_active(struct page *page)
205 struct pagevec *pvec = &get_cpu_var(lru_add_active_pvecs);
207 page_cache_get(page);
208 if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page))
209 __pagevec_lru_add_active(pvec);
210 put_cpu_var(lru_add_active_pvecs);
214 * Drain pages out of the cpu's pagevecs.
215 * Either "cpu" is the current CPU, and preemption has already been
216 * disabled; or "cpu" is being hot-unplugged, and is already dead.
218 static void drain_cpu_pagevecs(int cpu)
220 struct pagevec *pvec;
222 pvec = &per_cpu(lru_add_pvecs, cpu);
223 if (pagevec_count(pvec))
224 __pagevec_lru_add(pvec);
226 pvec = &per_cpu(lru_add_active_pvecs, cpu);
227 if (pagevec_count(pvec))
228 __pagevec_lru_add_active(pvec);
230 pvec = &per_cpu(lru_rotate_pvecs, cpu);
231 if (pagevec_count(pvec)) {
234 /* No harm done if a racing interrupt already did this */
235 local_irq_save(flags);
236 pagevec_move_tail(pvec);
237 local_irq_restore(flags);
241 void lru_add_drain(void)
243 drain_cpu_pagevecs(get_cpu());
248 static void lru_add_drain_per_cpu(struct work_struct *dummy)
254 * Returns 0 for success
256 int lru_add_drain_all(void)
258 return schedule_on_each_cpu(lru_add_drain_per_cpu);
264 * Returns 0 for success
266 int lru_add_drain_all(void)
274 * Batched page_cache_release(). Decrement the reference count on all the
275 * passed pages. If it fell to zero then remove the page from the LRU and
278 * Avoid taking zone->lru_lock if possible, but if it is taken, retain it
279 * for the remainder of the operation.
281 * The locking in this function is against shrink_cache(): we recheck the
282 * page count inside the lock to see whether shrink_cache grabbed the page
283 * via the LRU. If it did, give up: shrink_cache will free it.
285 void release_pages(struct page **pages, int nr, int cold)
288 struct pagevec pages_to_free;
289 struct zone *zone = NULL;
290 unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);
292 pagevec_init(&pages_to_free, cold);
293 for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
294 struct page *page = pages[i];
296 if (unlikely(PageCompound(page))) {
298 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
301 put_compound_page(page);
305 if (!put_page_testzero(page))
309 struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);
310 if (pagezone != zone) {
312 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock,
315 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
317 VM_BUG_ON(!PageLRU(page));
318 __ClearPageLRU(page);
319 del_page_from_lru(zone, page);
322 if (!pagevec_add(&pages_to_free, page)) {
324 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
327 __pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
328 pagevec_reinit(&pages_to_free);
332 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
334 pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
338 * The pages which we're about to release may be in the deferred lru-addition
339 * queues. That would prevent them from really being freed right now. That's
340 * OK from a correctness point of view but is inefficient - those pages may be
341 * cache-warm and we want to give them back to the page allocator ASAP.
343 * So __pagevec_release() will drain those queues here. __pagevec_lru_add()
344 * and __pagevec_lru_add_active() call release_pages() directly to avoid
347 void __pagevec_release(struct pagevec *pvec)
350 release_pages(pvec->pages, pagevec_count(pvec), pvec->cold);
351 pagevec_reinit(pvec);
354 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__pagevec_release);
357 * pagevec_release() for pages which are known to not be on the LRU
359 * This function reinitialises the caller's pagevec.
361 void __pagevec_release_nonlru(struct pagevec *pvec)
364 struct pagevec pages_to_free;
366 pagevec_init(&pages_to_free, pvec->cold);
367 for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
368 struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];
370 VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page));
371 if (put_page_testzero(page))
372 pagevec_add(&pages_to_free, page);
374 pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
375 pagevec_reinit(pvec);
379 * Add the passed pages to the LRU, then drop the caller's refcount
380 * on them. Reinitialises the caller's pagevec.
382 void __pagevec_lru_add(struct pagevec *pvec)
385 struct zone *zone = NULL;
387 for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
388 struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];
389 struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);
391 if (pagezone != zone) {
393 spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
395 spin_lock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
397 VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page));
399 add_page_to_inactive_list(zone, page);
402 spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
403 release_pages(pvec->pages, pvec->nr, pvec->cold);
404 pagevec_reinit(pvec);
407 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__pagevec_lru_add);
409 void __pagevec_lru_add_active(struct pagevec *pvec)
412 struct zone *zone = NULL;
414 for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
415 struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];
416 struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);
418 if (pagezone != zone) {
420 spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
422 spin_lock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
424 VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page));
426 VM_BUG_ON(PageActive(page));
428 add_page_to_active_list(zone, page);
431 spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
432 release_pages(pvec->pages, pvec->nr, pvec->cold);
433 pagevec_reinit(pvec);
437 * Try to drop buffers from the pages in a pagevec
439 void pagevec_strip(struct pagevec *pvec)
443 for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
444 struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];
446 if (PagePrivate(page) && !TestSetPageLocked(page)) {
447 if (PagePrivate(page))
448 try_to_release_page(page, 0);
455 * pagevec_lookup - gang pagecache lookup
456 * @pvec: Where the resulting pages are placed
457 * @mapping: The address_space to search
458 * @start: The starting page index
459 * @nr_pages: The maximum number of pages
461 * pagevec_lookup() will search for and return a group of up to @nr_pages pages
462 * in the mapping. The pages are placed in @pvec. pagevec_lookup() takes a
463 * reference against the pages in @pvec.
465 * The search returns a group of mapping-contiguous pages with ascending
466 * indexes. There may be holes in the indices due to not-present pages.
468 * pagevec_lookup() returns the number of pages which were found.
470 unsigned pagevec_lookup(struct pagevec *pvec, struct address_space *mapping,
471 pgoff_t start, unsigned nr_pages)
473 pvec->nr = find_get_pages(mapping, start, nr_pages, pvec->pages);
474 return pagevec_count(pvec);
477 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pagevec_lookup);
479 unsigned pagevec_lookup_tag(struct pagevec *pvec, struct address_space *mapping,
480 pgoff_t *index, int tag, unsigned nr_pages)
482 pvec->nr = find_get_pages_tag(mapping, index, tag,
483 nr_pages, pvec->pages);
484 return pagevec_count(pvec);
487 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pagevec_lookup_tag);
491 * We tolerate a little inaccuracy to avoid ping-ponging the counter between
494 #define ACCT_THRESHOLD max(16, NR_CPUS * 2)
496 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long, committed_space) = 0;
498 void vm_acct_memory(long pages)
503 local = &__get_cpu_var(committed_space);
505 if (*local > ACCT_THRESHOLD || *local < -ACCT_THRESHOLD) {
506 atomic_long_add(*local, &vm_committed_space);
512 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
514 /* Drop the CPU's cached committed space back into the central pool. */
515 static int cpu_swap_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
516 unsigned long action,
521 committed = &per_cpu(committed_space, (long)hcpu);
522 if (action == CPU_DEAD || action == CPU_DEAD_FROZEN) {
523 atomic_long_add(*committed, &vm_committed_space);
525 drain_cpu_pagevecs((long)hcpu);
529 #endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
530 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
533 * Perform any setup for the swap system
535 void __init swap_setup(void)
537 unsigned long megs = num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT);
540 bdi_init(swapper_space.backing_dev_info);
543 /* Use a smaller cluster for small-memory machines */
549 * Right now other parts of the system means that we
550 * _really_ don't want to cluster much more
552 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
553 hotcpu_notifier(cpu_swap_callback, 0);