4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LP Printer support is enabled.
52 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
53 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
54 These options have more detailed description inside of
55 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
56 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
57 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
58 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
59 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
60 MTD MTD support is enabled.
61 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
62 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
63 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
64 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
65 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
66 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
67 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
68 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
69 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
70 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
71 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
72 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
73 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
74 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
75 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
76 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
77 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
79 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
80 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
81 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
82 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
83 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
84 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
85 USB USB support is enabled.
86 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
87 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
88 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
89 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
90 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
91 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
92 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
93 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
94 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
96 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
98 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
99 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
100 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
102 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
103 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
104 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
105 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
107 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
108 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
109 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
110 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
111 running once the system is up.
113 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
114 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
115 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
116 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
117 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
120 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
121 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
122 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
124 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
125 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
126 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
127 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
128 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
129 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
130 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
131 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
133 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
135 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
136 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
137 See Documentation/power/video.txt
139 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
140 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
142 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
143 ACPI will balance active IRQs
146 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
147 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
150 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
152 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
154 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
155 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
157 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
158 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
160 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
162 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
164 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
165 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
166 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
167 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
168 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
169 that require a timer override, but don't have
172 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
174 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
175 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
176 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
177 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
179 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
181 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
182 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
183 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
184 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
186 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
188 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
189 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
190 override platform specific driver.
191 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
193 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
194 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
195 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
196 and always returns good values.
198 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
199 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
200 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
201 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
202 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
204 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
205 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
206 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
209 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
210 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
213 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
219 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
221 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
222 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
224 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
225 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
226 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
229 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
232 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
235 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
238 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
240 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
241 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
243 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
245 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
246 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
247 connected to one of 16 gameports
248 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
251 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
253 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
254 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
255 APC and your system crashes randomly.
257 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
258 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
259 Change the amount of debugging information output
260 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
262 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
263 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
268 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
269 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
273 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
275 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
277 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
278 EzKey and similar keyboards
280 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
282 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
283 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
285 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
288 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
289 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
291 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
292 Use software keyboard repeat
296 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
297 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
299 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
302 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
304 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
306 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
307 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
308 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
309 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
311 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
312 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
313 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
314 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
316 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
322 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
323 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
325 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
326 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
329 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
330 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
332 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
334 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
335 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
336 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
337 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
338 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
339 This option provides an override for these situations.
342 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
343 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
345 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
347 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
348 Format: { "0" | "1" }
349 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
350 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
351 any implied execute protection).
352 1 -- check protection requested by application.
353 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
354 Value can be changed at runtime via
355 /selinux/checkreqprot.
357 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
359 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
360 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
361 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
362 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
366 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
367 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
368 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
370 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
374 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
376 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
378 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
380 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
384 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
385 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
387 condev= [HW,S390] console device
390 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
392 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
396 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
397 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
398 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
399 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
400 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
402 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
404 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
407 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
408 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
409 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
410 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
411 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
412 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
414 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
416 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
419 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
421 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
422 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
423 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
426 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
431 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
432 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
434 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
437 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
439 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
440 (one device per port)
441 Format: <port#>,<type>
442 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
444 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
447 [KNL] verbose self-tests
449 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
451 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
452 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
453 only useful to kernel developers.
456 Format: <area>[,<node>]
457 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
460 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
463 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
465 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
466 See drivers/char/README.epca and
467 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
469 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
471 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
473 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
479 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
481 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
483 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
486 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
488 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
490 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
493 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
498 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
501 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
508 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
509 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
512 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
514 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
515 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
518 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
519 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
522 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
523 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
524 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
526 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
527 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
528 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
529 pass this option to capture kernel.
530 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
532 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
534 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
535 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
536 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
538 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
541 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
542 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
544 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
545 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
546 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
548 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
553 fail_make_request=[KNL]
554 General fault injection mechanism.
555 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
556 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
559 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
562 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
565 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
568 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
569 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
570 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
571 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
576 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
578 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
579 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
586 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
587 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
588 for IA-64, off otherwise.
589 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
591 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
593 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
594 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
596 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
597 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
599 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
600 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
601 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
602 size on bigger boxes.
605 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
607 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
609 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
610 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
611 keyboard and cannot control its state
612 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
613 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
614 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
615 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
617 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
620 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
621 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
622 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
623 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
627 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
628 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
630 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
631 does not match list of supported models.
633 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
634 (disabled by default)
635 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
638 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
639 See Documentation/mca.txt.
642 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
644 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
645 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
646 See Documentation/ide.txt.
648 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
649 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
650 See Documentation/ide.txt.
652 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
653 See Documentation/ide.txt.
656 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
658 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
659 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
660 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
663 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
666 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
670 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
673 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
674 for working out where the kernel is dying during
677 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
679 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
682 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
683 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
684 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
685 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
686 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
687 changing hdc to sdb).
688 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
692 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
693 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
694 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
697 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
699 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
700 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
702 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
703 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
705 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
707 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
709 Format: <port>,<port>....
712 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
713 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
717 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
718 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
719 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
723 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
725 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
727 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
729 <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order)
731 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
732 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
733 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
734 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
735 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
736 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
737 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
739 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
740 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
741 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
742 suboptimal load balancer performance.
745 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
749 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
750 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
754 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
759 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
762 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
763 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
765 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
766 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
768 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
769 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
771 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
774 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
777 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
780 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
783 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
786 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
787 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
788 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
789 loglevels are defined as follows:
791 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
792 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
793 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
794 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
795 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
796 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
797 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
798 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
800 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
801 Format: { n | nk | nM }
802 n must be a power of two. The default size
803 is set in the kernel config file.
805 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
806 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
807 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
808 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
809 specified in addition to the ports) causes
810 attached printers to be reset. Using
811 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
812 to associate lp devices with, starting with
813 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
814 that lp device, or a parport name such as
815 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
816 port specification list means that device IDs
817 from each port should be examined, to see if
818 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
819 so, the driver will manage that printer.
820 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
823 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
824 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
825 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
826 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
827 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
828 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
829 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
830 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
831 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
832 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
833 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
837 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
839 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
840 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
842 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
843 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
845 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
846 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
847 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
849 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
853 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
856 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
857 equal to this physical address is ignored.
859 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
860 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
863 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
864 Should be between 1 and 16384.
866 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
871 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
875 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
877 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
878 See Documentation/md.txt.
881 Format: <first>,<last>
882 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
884 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
885 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
886 to see the whole system memory or for test.
887 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
888 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
889 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
891 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
894 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
895 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
896 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
897 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
900 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
901 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
902 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
904 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
905 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
906 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
908 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
909 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
910 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
912 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
913 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
918 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
919 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
920 This debugging option can be used to override the
921 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
922 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
923 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
924 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
925 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
926 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
928 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
929 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
930 development purposes, not production environments.
933 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
935 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
936 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
937 increase verbosity of the detection process.
938 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
939 some more information, and 2 will be really
940 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
941 serial console attached to the system).
944 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
946 This debug option can be used to proportionally
947 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
948 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
949 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
950 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
951 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
952 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
953 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
956 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
957 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
958 development purposes, not production environments.
961 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
962 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
963 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
964 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
966 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
967 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
968 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
969 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
975 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
977 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
978 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
981 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
983 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
984 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
985 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
987 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
990 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
996 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
998 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1000 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1002 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1003 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1004 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1005 something different and driver-specific.
1006 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1010 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1012 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1013 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1015 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1016 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1017 channel should listen.
1019 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1020 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1023 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1025 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1026 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1029 noaliencache [MM, NUMA] Disables the allcoation of alien caches in
1030 the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory, but will
1031 impact performance on real NUMA hardware.
1035 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1036 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1038 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1041 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1042 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1046 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1048 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1052 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1053 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1054 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1056 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1057 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1058 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1062 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1063 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1066 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1067 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1068 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1069 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1070 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1073 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
1075 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1076 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1078 no_timer_check [IA-32,X86_64,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1079 broken timer IRQ sources.
1081 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1083 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1088 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1090 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1091 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1093 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1095 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1097 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1099 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1102 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1103 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1104 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1108 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1110 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1112 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1114 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1116 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1120 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1125 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1126 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1128 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1129 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1134 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1135 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1136 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1138 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1141 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1142 connected to, default is 0.
1144 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1145 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1148 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1149 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1150 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1151 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1152 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1153 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1154 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1155 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1156 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1157 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1158 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1159 are specified on the command line, starting
1162 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1163 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1164 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1165 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1166 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1167 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1168 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1170 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1171 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1174 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1177 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1178 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1179 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1184 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1185 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1187 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1188 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1189 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1190 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1191 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1192 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1193 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1194 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1195 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1196 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1198 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1200 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1202 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1203 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1204 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1205 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1206 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1207 done to get a device order compatible with
1209 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1210 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1211 on several machines and they hang the machine
1212 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1213 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1214 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1215 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1217 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1218 Use with caution as certain devices share
1219 address decoders between ROMs and other
1221 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1222 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1223 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1225 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1226 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1227 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1228 F0000h-100000h range.
1229 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1230 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1231 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1232 explicitly which ones they are.
1233 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1234 numbers ourselves, overriding
1235 whatever the firmware may have done.
1236 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1237 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1238 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1239 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1240 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1241 IRQ routing is enabled.
1242 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1243 or for PCI scanning.
1244 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1245 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1246 so this option is a temporary workaround
1247 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1248 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1249 just use the configuration from the
1250 bootloader. This is currently used on
1251 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1252 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1253 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1254 This might help on some broken boards which
1255 machine check when some devices' config space
1256 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1257 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1258 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1259 This sorting is done to get a device
1260 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1261 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1263 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1266 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1268 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1271 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1274 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1277 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1279 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1280 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1282 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1283 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1284 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1290 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1293 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1296 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1298 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1299 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1302 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1304 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1306 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1307 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1308 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1309 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1310 statistical time based profiling.
1311 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs)
1313 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1314 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1315 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1317 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1318 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1319 instead using the legacy FADT method
1321 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1323 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1325 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1326 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1327 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1329 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1330 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1333 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1334 psmouse.smartscroll=
1335 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1336 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1338 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1340 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1343 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1345 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1350 See Documentation/md.txt.
1352 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1353 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1355 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1356 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1358 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1359 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1360 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1362 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1363 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1365 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1366 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1368 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1369 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1373 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1374 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1376 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1377 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1378 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1380 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1384 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1387 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1388 during initialization.
1391 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1393 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
1394 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
1395 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
1396 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
1397 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
1399 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1400 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1402 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1403 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1405 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1407 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1409 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1410 mount the root filesystem
1412 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1414 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1416 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1418 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1421 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1424 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1426 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1428 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1430 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1431 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1433 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1434 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1436 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1437 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1439 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1440 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1443 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1444 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1445 (flags are integer value)
1447 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1449 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1450 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1451 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1452 user space to do the scan.
1454 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1455 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1456 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1459 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1460 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1461 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1463 selinux_compat_net =
1464 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1465 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1466 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1467 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1468 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1469 Value can be changed at runtime via
1470 /selinux/compat_net.
1472 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1474 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1477 Maximal number of shapers.
1480 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1486 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1487 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1492 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1494 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1496 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1498 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1500 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1502 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1504 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1506 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1508 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1510 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1512 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1514 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1516 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1518 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1520 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1522 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1524 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1526 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1528 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1530 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1532 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1534 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1536 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1538 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1540 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1542 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1544 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1546 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1550 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1552 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1554 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1559 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1561 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1563 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1565 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1567 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1569 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1577 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1581 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1583 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1585 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1591 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1593 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1595 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1597 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1602 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1604 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1606 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1608 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1610 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1612 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1614 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1617 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1619 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1620 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1622 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1623 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1625 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1631 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1633 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1634 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1637 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1641 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1642 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1643 as the initial boot-console.
1644 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1647 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1650 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1652 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1656 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1657 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1660 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1664 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1665 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1667 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1669 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1670 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1671 with the name specified.
1673 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1674 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1677 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1678 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1681 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1684 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1685 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1689 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1691 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1693 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1694 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1696 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1697 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1699 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1700 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1702 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1703 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1712 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1715 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1716 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1718 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1719 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1721 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1722 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1723 Documentation/svga.txt.
1724 Use vga=ask for menu.
1725 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1726 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1728 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1729 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1730 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1731 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1734 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1737 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1740 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1743 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1744 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1747 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1750 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1753 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1755 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1756 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1758 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1760 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1762 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1763 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1765 unwind_debug=N N > 0 will enable dwarf2 unwinder debugging
1766 This is useful to get more information why
1767 you got a "dwarf2 unwinder stuck"
1769 ______________________________________________________________________
1773 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1774 Add more DRM drivers.