4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 #include <linux/string.h>
9 #include <linux/file.h>
10 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
11 #include <linux/quotaops.h>
12 #include <linux/fsnotify.h>
13 #include <linux/module.h>
14 #include <linux/slab.h>
15 #include <linux/tty.h>
16 #include <linux/namei.h>
17 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
18 #include <linux/capability.h>
19 #include <linux/security.h>
20 #include <linux/mount.h>
21 #include <linux/vfs.h>
22 #include <linux/fcntl.h>
23 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
25 #include <linux/personality.h>
26 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
27 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
28 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
29 #include <linux/audit.h>
31 int vfs_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf)
37 if (dentry->d_sb->s_op->statfs) {
38 memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
39 retval = security_sb_statfs(dentry);
42 retval = dentry->d_sb->s_op->statfs(dentry, buf);
43 if (retval == 0 && buf->f_frsize == 0)
44 buf->f_frsize = buf->f_bsize;
50 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_statfs);
52 static int vfs_statfs_native(struct dentry *dentry, struct statfs *buf)
57 retval = vfs_statfs(dentry, &st);
61 if (sizeof(*buf) == sizeof(st))
62 memcpy(buf, &st, sizeof(st));
64 if (sizeof buf->f_blocks == 4) {
65 if ((st.f_blocks | st.f_bfree | st.f_bavail) &
66 0xffffffff00000000ULL)
69 * f_files and f_ffree may be -1; it's okay to stuff
72 if (st.f_files != -1 &&
73 (st.f_files & 0xffffffff00000000ULL))
75 if (st.f_ffree != -1 &&
76 (st.f_ffree & 0xffffffff00000000ULL))
80 buf->f_type = st.f_type;
81 buf->f_bsize = st.f_bsize;
82 buf->f_blocks = st.f_blocks;
83 buf->f_bfree = st.f_bfree;
84 buf->f_bavail = st.f_bavail;
85 buf->f_files = st.f_files;
86 buf->f_ffree = st.f_ffree;
87 buf->f_fsid = st.f_fsid;
88 buf->f_namelen = st.f_namelen;
89 buf->f_frsize = st.f_frsize;
90 memset(buf->f_spare, 0, sizeof(buf->f_spare));
95 static int vfs_statfs64(struct dentry *dentry, struct statfs64 *buf)
100 retval = vfs_statfs(dentry, &st);
104 if (sizeof(*buf) == sizeof(st))
105 memcpy(buf, &st, sizeof(st));
107 buf->f_type = st.f_type;
108 buf->f_bsize = st.f_bsize;
109 buf->f_blocks = st.f_blocks;
110 buf->f_bfree = st.f_bfree;
111 buf->f_bavail = st.f_bavail;
112 buf->f_files = st.f_files;
113 buf->f_ffree = st.f_ffree;
114 buf->f_fsid = st.f_fsid;
115 buf->f_namelen = st.f_namelen;
116 buf->f_frsize = st.f_frsize;
117 memset(buf->f_spare, 0, sizeof(buf->f_spare));
122 asmlinkage long sys_statfs(const char __user * path, struct statfs __user * buf)
127 error = user_path_walk(path, &nd);
130 error = vfs_statfs_native(nd.dentry, &tmp);
131 if (!error && copy_to_user(buf, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)))
139 asmlinkage long sys_statfs64(const char __user *path, size_t sz, struct statfs64 __user *buf)
144 if (sz != sizeof(*buf))
146 error = user_path_walk(path, &nd);
149 error = vfs_statfs64(nd.dentry, &tmp);
150 if (!error && copy_to_user(buf, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)))
158 asmlinkage long sys_fstatfs(unsigned int fd, struct statfs __user * buf)
168 error = vfs_statfs_native(file->f_path.dentry, &tmp);
169 if (!error && copy_to_user(buf, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)))
176 asmlinkage long sys_fstatfs64(unsigned int fd, size_t sz, struct statfs64 __user *buf)
182 if (sz != sizeof(*buf))
189 error = vfs_statfs64(file->f_path.dentry, &tmp);
190 if (!error && copy_to_user(buf, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)))
197 int do_truncate(struct dentry *dentry, loff_t length, unsigned int time_attrs,
201 struct iattr newattrs;
203 /* Not pretty: "inode->i_size" shouldn't really be signed. But it is. */
207 newattrs.ia_size = length;
208 newattrs.ia_valid = ATTR_SIZE | time_attrs;
210 newattrs.ia_file = filp;
211 newattrs.ia_valid |= ATTR_FILE;
214 mutex_lock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
215 err = notify_change(dentry, &newattrs);
216 mutex_unlock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
220 static long do_sys_truncate(const char __user * path, loff_t length)
223 struct inode * inode;
227 if (length < 0) /* sorry, but loff_t says... */
230 error = user_path_walk(path, &nd);
233 inode = nd.dentry->d_inode;
235 /* For directories it's -EISDIR, for other non-regulars - -EINVAL */
237 if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
241 if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
244 error = vfs_permission(&nd, MAY_WRITE);
249 if (IS_RDONLY(inode))
253 if (IS_IMMUTABLE(inode) || IS_APPEND(inode))
257 * Make sure that there are no leases.
259 error = break_lease(inode, FMODE_WRITE);
263 error = get_write_access(inode);
267 error = locks_verify_truncate(inode, NULL, length);
270 error = do_truncate(nd.dentry, length, 0, NULL);
272 put_write_access(inode);
280 asmlinkage long sys_truncate(const char __user * path, unsigned long length)
282 /* on 32-bit boxen it will cut the range 2^31--2^32-1 off */
283 return do_sys_truncate(path, (long)length);
286 static long do_sys_ftruncate(unsigned int fd, loff_t length, int small)
288 struct inode * inode;
289 struct dentry *dentry;
301 /* explicitly opened as large or we are on 64-bit box */
302 if (file->f_flags & O_LARGEFILE)
305 dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
306 inode = dentry->d_inode;
308 if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) || !(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
312 /* Cannot ftruncate over 2^31 bytes without large file support */
313 if (small && length > MAX_NON_LFS)
317 if (IS_APPEND(inode))
320 error = locks_verify_truncate(inode, file, length);
322 error = do_truncate(dentry, length, ATTR_MTIME|ATTR_CTIME, file);
329 asmlinkage long sys_ftruncate(unsigned int fd, unsigned long length)
331 long ret = do_sys_ftruncate(fd, length, 1);
332 /* avoid REGPARM breakage on x86: */
333 prevent_tail_call(ret);
337 /* LFS versions of truncate are only needed on 32 bit machines */
338 #if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
339 asmlinkage long sys_truncate64(const char __user * path, loff_t length)
341 return do_sys_truncate(path, length);
344 asmlinkage long sys_ftruncate64(unsigned int fd, loff_t length)
346 long ret = do_sys_ftruncate(fd, length, 0);
347 /* avoid REGPARM breakage on x86: */
348 prevent_tail_call(ret);
354 * access() needs to use the real uid/gid, not the effective uid/gid.
355 * We do this by temporarily clearing all FS-related capabilities and
356 * switching the fsuid/fsgid around to the real ones.
358 asmlinkage long sys_faccessat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int mode)
361 int old_fsuid, old_fsgid;
362 kernel_cap_t old_cap;
365 if (mode & ~S_IRWXO) /* where's F_OK, X_OK, W_OK, R_OK? */
368 old_fsuid = current->fsuid;
369 old_fsgid = current->fsgid;
370 old_cap = current->cap_effective;
372 current->fsuid = current->uid;
373 current->fsgid = current->gid;
376 * Clear the capabilities if we switch to a non-root user
378 * FIXME: There is a race here against sys_capset. The
379 * capabilities can change yet we will restore the old
380 * value below. We should hold task_capabilities_lock,
381 * but we cannot because user_path_walk can sleep.
384 cap_clear(current->cap_effective);
386 current->cap_effective = current->cap_permitted;
388 res = __user_walk_fd(dfd, filename, LOOKUP_FOLLOW|LOOKUP_ACCESS, &nd);
392 res = vfs_permission(&nd, mode);
393 /* SuS v2 requires we report a read only fs too */
394 if(res || !(mode & S_IWOTH) ||
395 special_file(nd.dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
396 goto out_path_release;
398 if(IS_RDONLY(nd.dentry->d_inode))
404 current->fsuid = old_fsuid;
405 current->fsgid = old_fsgid;
406 current->cap_effective = old_cap;
411 asmlinkage long sys_access(const char __user *filename, int mode)
413 return sys_faccessat(AT_FDCWD, filename, mode);
416 asmlinkage long sys_chdir(const char __user * filename)
421 error = __user_walk(filename,
422 LOOKUP_FOLLOW|LOOKUP_DIRECTORY|LOOKUP_CHDIR, &nd);
426 error = vfs_permission(&nd, MAY_EXEC);
430 set_fs_pwd(current->fs, nd.mnt, nd.dentry);
438 asmlinkage long sys_fchdir(unsigned int fd)
441 struct dentry *dentry;
443 struct vfsmount *mnt;
451 dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
452 mnt = file->f_path.mnt;
453 inode = dentry->d_inode;
456 if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
459 error = file_permission(file, MAY_EXEC);
461 set_fs_pwd(current->fs, mnt, dentry);
468 asmlinkage long sys_chroot(const char __user * filename)
473 error = __user_walk(filename, LOOKUP_FOLLOW | LOOKUP_DIRECTORY | LOOKUP_NOALT, &nd);
477 error = vfs_permission(&nd, MAY_EXEC);
482 if (!capable(CAP_SYS_CHROOT))
485 set_fs_root(current->fs, nd.mnt, nd.dentry);
494 asmlinkage long sys_fchmod(unsigned int fd, mode_t mode)
496 struct inode * inode;
497 struct dentry * dentry;
500 struct iattr newattrs;
506 dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
507 inode = dentry->d_inode;
509 audit_inode(NULL, inode);
512 if (IS_RDONLY(inode))
515 if (IS_IMMUTABLE(inode) || IS_APPEND(inode))
517 mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
518 if (mode == (mode_t) -1)
519 mode = inode->i_mode;
520 newattrs.ia_mode = (mode & S_IALLUGO) | (inode->i_mode & ~S_IALLUGO);
521 newattrs.ia_valid = ATTR_MODE | ATTR_CTIME;
522 err = notify_change(dentry, &newattrs);
523 mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
531 asmlinkage long sys_fchmodat(int dfd, const char __user *filename,
535 struct inode * inode;
537 struct iattr newattrs;
539 error = __user_walk_fd(dfd, filename, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &nd);
542 inode = nd.dentry->d_inode;
545 if (IS_RDONLY(inode))
549 if (IS_IMMUTABLE(inode) || IS_APPEND(inode))
552 mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
553 if (mode == (mode_t) -1)
554 mode = inode->i_mode;
555 newattrs.ia_mode = (mode & S_IALLUGO) | (inode->i_mode & ~S_IALLUGO);
556 newattrs.ia_valid = ATTR_MODE | ATTR_CTIME;
557 error = notify_change(nd.dentry, &newattrs);
558 mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
566 asmlinkage long sys_chmod(const char __user *filename, mode_t mode)
568 return sys_fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, filename, mode);
571 static int chown_common(struct dentry * dentry, uid_t user, gid_t group)
573 struct inode * inode;
575 struct iattr newattrs;
578 if (!(inode = dentry->d_inode)) {
579 printk(KERN_ERR "chown_common: NULL inode\n");
583 if (IS_RDONLY(inode))
586 if (IS_IMMUTABLE(inode) || IS_APPEND(inode))
588 newattrs.ia_valid = ATTR_CTIME;
589 if (user != (uid_t) -1) {
590 newattrs.ia_valid |= ATTR_UID;
591 newattrs.ia_uid = user;
593 if (group != (gid_t) -1) {
594 newattrs.ia_valid |= ATTR_GID;
595 newattrs.ia_gid = group;
597 if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
598 newattrs.ia_valid |= ATTR_KILL_SUID|ATTR_KILL_SGID;
599 mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
600 error = notify_change(dentry, &newattrs);
601 mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
606 asmlinkage long sys_chown(const char __user * filename, uid_t user, gid_t group)
611 error = user_path_walk(filename, &nd);
614 error = chown_common(nd.dentry, user, group);
620 asmlinkage long sys_fchownat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, uid_t user,
621 gid_t group, int flag)
627 if ((flag & ~AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) != 0)
630 follow = (flag & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) ? 0 : LOOKUP_FOLLOW;
631 error = __user_walk_fd(dfd, filename, follow, &nd);
634 error = chown_common(nd.dentry, user, group);
640 asmlinkage long sys_lchown(const char __user * filename, uid_t user, gid_t group)
645 error = user_path_walk_link(filename, &nd);
648 error = chown_common(nd.dentry, user, group);
655 asmlinkage long sys_fchown(unsigned int fd, uid_t user, gid_t group)
659 struct dentry * dentry;
665 dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
666 audit_inode(NULL, dentry->d_inode);
667 error = chown_common(dentry, user, group);
673 static struct file *__dentry_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
674 int flags, struct file *f,
675 int (*open)(struct inode *, struct file *))
681 f->f_mode = ((flags+1) & O_ACCMODE) | FMODE_LSEEK |
682 FMODE_PREAD | FMODE_PWRITE;
683 inode = dentry->d_inode;
684 if (f->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) {
685 error = get_write_access(inode);
690 f->f_mapping = inode->i_mapping;
691 f->f_path.dentry = dentry;
694 f->f_op = fops_get(inode->i_fop);
695 file_move(f, &inode->i_sb->s_files);
697 if (!open && f->f_op)
698 open = f->f_op->open;
700 error = open(inode, f);
705 f->f_flags &= ~(O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_NOCTTY | O_TRUNC);
707 file_ra_state_init(&f->f_ra, f->f_mapping->host->i_mapping);
709 /* NB: we're sure to have correct a_ops only after f_op->open */
710 if (f->f_flags & O_DIRECT) {
711 if (!f->f_mapping->a_ops ||
712 ((!f->f_mapping->a_ops->direct_IO) &&
713 (!f->f_mapping->a_ops->get_xip_page))) {
715 f = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
723 if (f->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)
724 put_write_access(inode);
726 f->f_path.dentry = NULL;
727 f->f_path.mnt = NULL;
732 return ERR_PTR(error);
736 * Note that while the flag value (low two bits) for sys_open means:
742 * 00 - no permissions needed
743 * 01 - read-permission
744 * 10 - write-permission
746 * for the internal routines (ie open_namei()/follow_link() etc). 00 is
749 static struct file *do_filp_open(int dfd, const char *filename, int flags,
752 int namei_flags, error;
756 if ((namei_flags+1) & O_ACCMODE)
759 error = open_namei(dfd, filename, namei_flags, mode, &nd);
761 return nameidata_to_filp(&nd, flags);
763 return ERR_PTR(error);
766 struct file *filp_open(const char *filename, int flags, int mode)
768 return do_filp_open(AT_FDCWD, filename, flags, mode);
770 EXPORT_SYMBOL(filp_open);
773 * lookup_instantiate_filp - instantiates the open intent filp
774 * @nd: pointer to nameidata
775 * @dentry: pointer to dentry
776 * @open: open callback
778 * Helper for filesystems that want to use lookup open intents and pass back
779 * a fully instantiated struct file to the caller.
780 * This function is meant to be called from within a filesystem's
782 * Beware of calling it for non-regular files! Those ->open methods might block
783 * (e.g. in fifo_open), leaving you with parent locked (and in case of fifo,
784 * leading to a deadlock, as nobody can open that fifo anymore, because
785 * another process to open fifo will block on locked parent when doing lookup).
786 * Note that in case of error, nd->intent.open.file is destroyed, but the
787 * path information remains valid.
788 * If the open callback is set to NULL, then the standard f_op->open()
789 * filesystem callback is substituted.
791 struct file *lookup_instantiate_filp(struct nameidata *nd, struct dentry *dentry,
792 int (*open)(struct inode *, struct file *))
794 if (IS_ERR(nd->intent.open.file))
798 nd->intent.open.file = __dentry_open(dget(dentry), mntget(nd->mnt),
799 nd->intent.open.flags - 1,
800 nd->intent.open.file,
803 return nd->intent.open.file;
805 release_open_intent(nd);
806 nd->intent.open.file = (struct file *)dentry;
809 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lookup_instantiate_filp);
812 * nameidata_to_filp - convert a nameidata to an open filp.
813 * @nd: pointer to nameidata
816 * Note that this function destroys the original nameidata
818 struct file *nameidata_to_filp(struct nameidata *nd, int flags)
822 /* Pick up the filp from the open intent */
823 filp = nd->intent.open.file;
824 /* Has the filesystem initialised the file for us? */
825 if (filp->f_path.dentry == NULL)
826 filp = __dentry_open(nd->dentry, nd->mnt, flags, filp, NULL);
833 * dentry_open() will have done dput(dentry) and mntput(mnt) if it returns an
836 struct file *dentry_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt, int flags)
842 f = get_empty_filp();
846 return ERR_PTR(error);
849 return __dentry_open(dentry, mnt, flags, f, NULL);
851 EXPORT_SYMBOL(dentry_open);
854 * Find an empty file descriptor entry, and mark it busy.
856 int get_unused_fd(void)
858 struct files_struct * files = current->files;
863 spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
866 fdt = files_fdtable(files);
867 fd = find_next_zero_bit(fdt->open_fds->fds_bits,
872 * N.B. For clone tasks sharing a files structure, this test
873 * will limit the total number of files that can be opened.
875 if (fd >= current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur)
878 /* Do we need to expand the fd array or fd set? */
879 error = expand_files(files, fd);
885 * If we needed to expand the fs array we
886 * might have blocked - try again.
892 FD_SET(fd, fdt->open_fds);
893 FD_CLR(fd, fdt->close_on_exec);
894 files->next_fd = fd + 1;
897 if (fdt->fd[fd] != NULL) {
898 printk(KERN_WARNING "get_unused_fd: slot %d not NULL!\n", fd);
905 spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
909 EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_unused_fd);
911 static void __put_unused_fd(struct files_struct *files, unsigned int fd)
913 struct fdtable *fdt = files_fdtable(files);
914 __FD_CLR(fd, fdt->open_fds);
915 if (fd < files->next_fd)
919 void fastcall put_unused_fd(unsigned int fd)
921 struct files_struct *files = current->files;
922 spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
923 __put_unused_fd(files, fd);
924 spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
927 EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_unused_fd);
930 * Install a file pointer in the fd array.
932 * The VFS is full of places where we drop the files lock between
933 * setting the open_fds bitmap and installing the file in the file
934 * array. At any such point, we are vulnerable to a dup2() race
935 * installing a file in the array before us. We need to detect this and
936 * fput() the struct file we are about to overwrite in this case.
938 * It should never happen - if we allow dup2() do it, _really_ bad things
942 void fastcall fd_install(unsigned int fd, struct file * file)
944 struct files_struct *files = current->files;
946 spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
947 fdt = files_fdtable(files);
948 BUG_ON(fdt->fd[fd] != NULL);
949 rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], file);
950 spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
953 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fd_install);
955 long do_sys_open(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int flags, int mode)
957 char *tmp = getname(filename);
958 int fd = PTR_ERR(tmp);
961 fd = get_unused_fd();
963 struct file *f = do_filp_open(dfd, tmp, flags, mode);
968 fsnotify_open(f->f_path.dentry);
977 asmlinkage long sys_open(const char __user *filename, int flags, int mode)
981 if (force_o_largefile())
982 flags |= O_LARGEFILE;
984 ret = do_sys_open(AT_FDCWD, filename, flags, mode);
985 /* avoid REGPARM breakage on x86: */
986 prevent_tail_call(ret);
989 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sys_open);
991 asmlinkage long sys_openat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int flags,
996 if (force_o_largefile())
997 flags |= O_LARGEFILE;
999 ret = do_sys_open(dfd, filename, flags, mode);
1000 /* avoid REGPARM breakage on x86: */
1001 prevent_tail_call(ret);
1008 * For backward compatibility? Maybe this should be moved
1009 * into arch/i386 instead?
1011 asmlinkage long sys_creat(const char __user * pathname, int mode)
1013 return sys_open(pathname, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, mode);
1019 * "id" is the POSIX thread ID. We use the
1020 * files pointer for this..
1022 int filp_close(struct file *filp, fl_owner_t id)
1026 if (!file_count(filp)) {
1027 printk(KERN_ERR "VFS: Close: file count is 0\n");
1031 if (filp->f_op && filp->f_op->flush)
1032 retval = filp->f_op->flush(filp, id);
1034 dnotify_flush(filp, id);
1035 locks_remove_posix(filp, id);
1040 EXPORT_SYMBOL(filp_close);
1043 * Careful here! We test whether the file pointer is NULL before
1044 * releasing the fd. This ensures that one clone task can't release
1045 * an fd while another clone is opening it.
1047 asmlinkage long sys_close(unsigned int fd)
1050 struct files_struct *files = current->files;
1051 struct fdtable *fdt;
1054 spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
1055 fdt = files_fdtable(files);
1056 if (fd >= fdt->max_fds)
1061 rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], NULL);
1062 FD_CLR(fd, fdt->close_on_exec);
1063 __put_unused_fd(files, fd);
1064 spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
1065 retval = filp_close(filp, files);
1067 /* can't restart close syscall because file table entry was cleared */
1068 if (unlikely(retval == -ERESTARTSYS ||
1069 retval == -ERESTARTNOINTR ||
1070 retval == -ERESTARTNOHAND ||
1071 retval == -ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK))
1077 spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
1081 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sys_close);
1084 * This routine simulates a hangup on the tty, to arrange that users
1085 * are given clean terminals at login time.
1087 asmlinkage long sys_vhangup(void)
1089 if (capable(CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG)) {
1090 /* XXX: this needs locking */
1091 tty_vhangup(current->signal->tty);
1098 * Called when an inode is about to be open.
1099 * We use this to disallow opening large files on 32bit systems if
1100 * the caller didn't specify O_LARGEFILE. On 64bit systems we force
1101 * on this flag in sys_open.
1103 int generic_file_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
1105 if (!(filp->f_flags & O_LARGEFILE) && i_size_read(inode) > MAX_NON_LFS)
1110 EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_file_open);
1113 * This is used by subsystems that don't want seekable
1116 int nonseekable_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
1118 filp->f_mode &= ~(FMODE_LSEEK | FMODE_PREAD | FMODE_PWRITE);
1122 EXPORT_SYMBOL(nonseekable_open);