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   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
   4
   5 <book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
   6  <bookinfo>
   7   <title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
   8
   9   <legalnotice>
  10    <para>
  11      This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
  12      it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  13      License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  14      version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
  15      version.
  16    </para>
  17
  18    <para>
  19      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
  20      useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
  21      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  22      See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  23    </para>
  24
  25    <para>
  26      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  27      License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
  28      Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  29      MA 02111-1307 USA
  30    </para>
  31
  32    <para>
  33      For more details see the file COPYING in the source
  34      distribution of Linux.
  35    </para>
  36   </legalnotice>
  37  </bookinfo>
  38
  39 <toc></toc>
  40
  41   <chapter id="Basics">
  42      <title>Driver Basics</title>
  43      <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title>
  44 !Iinclude/linux/init.h
  45      </sect1>
  46
  47      <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title>
  48 !Iinclude/asm-i386/atomic.h
  49 !Iinclude/asm-i386/unaligned.h
  50      </sect1>
  51
  52      <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title>
  53 !Iinclude/linux/sched.h
  54 !Ekernel/sched.c
  55 !Ekernel/timer.c
  56      </sect1>
  57      <sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title>
  58 !Iinclude/linux/ktime.h
  59 !Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h
  60 !Ekernel/hrtimer.c
  61      </sect1>
  62      <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title>
  63 !Ikernel/exit.c
  64 !Ikernel/signal.c
  65 !Iinclude/linux/kthread.h
  66 !Ekernel/kthread.c
  67      </sect1>
  68
  69      <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title>
  70 <!--
  71 X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h
  72 -->
  73 !Elib/kobject.c
  74      </sect1>
  75
  76      <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title>
  77 !Iinclude/linux/kernel.h
  78 !Ekernel/printk.c
  79 !Ekernel/panic.c
  80 !Ekernel/sys.c
  81 !Ekernel/rcupdate.c
  82      </sect1>
  83
  84   </chapter>
  85
  86   <chapter id="adt">
  87      <title>Data Types</title>
  88      <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
  89 !Iinclude/linux/list.h
  90      </sect1>
  91   </chapter>
  92
  93   <chapter id="libc">
  94      <title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
  95
  96      <para>
  97        When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
  98        from the C Library.  Some of the functions have been found generally
  99        useful and they are listed below.  The behaviour of these functions
 100        may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
 101        are noted in the text.
 102      </para>
 103
 104      <sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
 105 !Ilib/vsprintf.c
 106 !Elib/vsprintf.c
 107      </sect1>
 108      <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
 109 <!-- All functions are exported at now
 110 X!Ilib/string.c
 111  -->
 112 !Elib/string.c
 113      </sect1>
 114      <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
 115 !Iinclude/asm-i386/bitops.h
 116      </sect1>
 117   </chapter>
 118
 119   <chapter id="kernel-lib">
 120      <title>Basic Kernel Library Functions</title>
 121
 122      <para>
 123        The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
 124      </para>
 125
 126      <sect1><title>Bitmap Operations</title>
 127 !Elib/bitmap.c
 128 !Ilib/bitmap.c
 129      </sect1>
 130
 131      <sect1><title>Command-line Parsing</title>
 132 !Elib/cmdline.c
 133      </sect1>
 134
 135      <sect1><title>CRC Functions</title>
 136 !Elib/crc16.c
 137 !Elib/crc32.c
 138 !Elib/crc-ccitt.c
 139      </sect1>
 140   </chapter>
 141
 142   <chapter id="mm">
 143      <title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
 144      <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
 145 !Iinclude/linux/slab.h
 146 !Emm/slab.c
 147      </sect1>
 148      <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
 149 !Iinclude/asm-i386/uaccess.h
 150 !Earch/i386/lib/usercopy.c
 151      </sect1>
 152      <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
 153 !Iinclude/linux/rmap.h
 154 !Emm/readahead.c
 155 !Emm/filemap.c
 156 !Emm/memory.c
 157 !Emm/vmalloc.c
 158 !Emm/mempool.c
 159 !Emm/page-writeback.c
 160 !Emm/truncate.c
 161      </sect1>
 162   </chapter>
 163
 164
 165   <chapter id="ipc">
 166      <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
 167
 168      <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
 169 !Iipc/util.c
 170      </sect1>
 171   </chapter>
 172
 173   <chapter id="kfifo">
 174      <title>FIFO Buffer</title>
 175      <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
 176 !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
 177 !Ekernel/kfifo.c
 178      </sect1>
 179   </chapter>
 180
 181   <chapter id="proc">
 182      <title>The proc filesystem</title>
 183
 184      <sect1><title>sysctl interface</title>
 185 !Ekernel/sysctl.c
 186      </sect1>
 187
 188      <sect1><title>proc filesystem interface</title>
 189 !Ifs/proc/base.c
 190      </sect1>
 191   </chapter>
 192
 193   <chapter id="debugfs">
 194      <title>The debugfs filesystem</title>
 195
 196      <sect1><title>debugfs interface</title>
 197 !Efs/debugfs/inode.c
 198 !Efs/debugfs/file.c
 199      </sect1>
 200   </chapter>
 201
 202   <chapter id="vfs">
 203      <title>The Linux VFS</title>
 204      <sect1><title>The Filesystem types</title>
 205 !Iinclude/linux/fs.h
 206      </sect1>
 207      <sect1><title>The Directory Cache</title>
 208 !Efs/dcache.c
 209 !Iinclude/linux/dcache.h
 210      </sect1>
 211      <sect1><title>Inode Handling</title>
 212 !Efs/inode.c
 213 !Efs/bad_inode.c
 214      </sect1>
 215      <sect1><title>Registration and Superblocks</title>
 216 !Efs/super.c
 217      </sect1>
 218      <sect1><title>File Locks</title>
 219 !Efs/locks.c
 220 !Ifs/locks.c
 221      </sect1>
 222      <sect1><title>Other Functions</title>
 223 !Efs/mpage.c
 224 !Efs/namei.c
 225 !Efs/buffer.c
 226 !Efs/bio.c
 227 !Efs/seq_file.c
 228 !Efs/filesystems.c
 229 !Efs/fs-writeback.c
 230 !Efs/block_dev.c
 231      </sect1>
 232   </chapter>
 233
 234   <chapter id="netcore">
 235      <title>Linux Networking</title>
 236      <sect1><title>Networking Base Types</title>
 237 !Iinclude/linux/net.h
 238      </sect1>
 239      <sect1><title>Socket Buffer Functions</title>
 240 !Iinclude/linux/skbuff.h
 241 !Iinclude/net/sock.h
 242 !Enet/socket.c
 243 !Enet/core/skbuff.c
 244 !Enet/core/sock.c
 245 !Enet/core/datagram.c
 246 !Enet/core/stream.c
 247      </sect1>
 248      <sect1><title>Socket Filter</title>
 249 !Enet/core/filter.c
 250      </sect1>
 251      <sect1><title>Generic Network Statistics</title>
 252 !Iinclude/linux/gen_stats.h
 253 !Enet/core/gen_stats.c
 254 !Enet/core/gen_estimator.c
 255      </sect1>
 256      <sect1><title>SUN RPC subsystem</title>
 257 <!-- The !D functionality is not perfect, garbage has to be protected by comments
 258 !Dnet/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
 259 -->
 260 !Enet/sunrpc/xdr.c
 261 !Enet/sunrpc/svcsock.c
 262 !Enet/sunrpc/sched.c
 263      </sect1>
 264   </chapter>
 265
 266   <chapter id="netdev">
 267      <title>Network device support</title>
 268      <sect1><title>Driver Support</title>
 269 !Enet/core/dev.c
 270 !Enet/ethernet/eth.c
 271 !Iinclude/linux/etherdevice.h
 272 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 273 X!Enet/core/wireless.c
 274 -->
 275      </sect1>
 276      <sect1><title>Synchronous PPP</title>
 277 !Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c
 278      </sect1>
 279   </chapter>
 280
 281   <chapter id="modload">
 282      <title>Module Support</title>
 283      <sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
 284 !Ekernel/kmod.c
 285      </sect1>
 286      <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
 287         <para>
 288            Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
 289         </para>
 290 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 291 X!Ekernel/module.c
 292 -->
 293      </sect1>
 294   </chapter>
 295
 296   <chapter id="hardware">
 297      <title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
 298      <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
 299 !Ekernel/irq/manage.c
 300      </sect1>
 301
 302      <sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
 303 !Ekernel/resource.c
 304      </sect1>
 305
 306      <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
 307 !Earch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
 308      </sect1>
 309
 310      <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
 311 !Edrivers/pci/pci.c
 312 !Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
 313 !Edrivers/pci/remove.c
 314 !Edrivers/pci/pci-acpi.c
 315 <!-- kerneldoc does not understand __devinit
 316 X!Edrivers/pci/search.c
 317  -->
 318 !Edrivers/pci/msi.c
 319 !Edrivers/pci/bus.c
 320 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 321 X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
 322 -->
 323 !Edrivers/pci/probe.c
 324 !Edrivers/pci/rom.c
 325      </sect1>
 326      <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
 327 !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
 328      </sect1>
 329      <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title>
 330         <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title>
 331            <para>
 332               Refer to the file arch/i386/kernel/mca.c for more information.
 333            </para>
 334 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 335 X!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c
 336 -->
 337         </sect2>
 338         <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title>
 339 !Iinclude/asm-i386/mca_dma.h
 340         </sect2>
 341      </sect1>
 342   </chapter>
 343
 344   <chapter id="firmware">
 345      <title>Firmware Interfaces</title>
 346      <sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title>
 347 !Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
 348      </sect1>
 349   </chapter>
 350
 351   <chapter id="devfs">
 352      <title>The Device File System</title>
 353 !Efs/devfs/base.c
 354   </chapter>
 355
 356   <chapter id="sysfs">
 357      <title>The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects</title>
 358 !Efs/sysfs/file.c
 359 !Efs/sysfs/symlink.c
 360 !Efs/sysfs/bin.c
 361   </chapter>
 362
 363   <chapter id="security">
 364      <title>Security Framework</title>
 365 !Esecurity/security.c
 366   </chapter>
 367
 368   <chapter id="audit">
 369      <title>Audit Interfaces</title>
 370 !Ekernel/audit.c
 371 !Ikernel/auditsc.c
 372 !Ikernel/auditfilter.c
 373   </chapter>
 374
 375   <chapter id="accounting">
 376      <title>Accounting Framework</title>
 377 !Ikernel/acct.c
 378   </chapter>
 379
 380   <chapter id="pmfuncs">
 381      <title>Power Management</title>
 382 !Ekernel/power/pm.c
 383   </chapter>
 384
 385   <chapter id="devdrivers">
 386      <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title>
 387      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title>
 388 <!--
 389 X!Iinclude/linux/device.h
 390 -->
 391 !Edrivers/base/driver.c
 392 !Edrivers/base/core.c
 393 !Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c
 394 !Edrivers/base/transport_class.c
 395 !Edrivers/base/dmapool.c
 396 <!-- Cannot be included, because
 397      attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter
 398  and attribute_container_classdev_to_container
 399      exceed allowed 44 characters maximum
 400 X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c
 401 -->
 402 !Edrivers/base/sys.c
 403 <!--
 404 X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
 405 -->
 406 !Edrivers/base/platform.c
 407 !Edrivers/base/bus.c
 408      </sect1>
 409      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title>
 410 !Edrivers/base/power/main.c
 411 !Edrivers/base/power/resume.c
 412 !Edrivers/base/power/suspend.c
 413      </sect1>
 414      <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title>
 415 <!-- Internal functions only
 416 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c
 417 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c
 418 X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c
 419 X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c
 420 -->
 421 !Edrivers/acpi/scan.c
 422 !Idrivers/acpi/scan.c
 423 <!-- No correct structured comments
 424 X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c
 425 -->
 426      </sect1>
 427      <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title>
 428 !Edrivers/pnp/core.c
 429 <!-- No correct structured comments
 430 X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
 431  -->
 432 !Edrivers/pnp/card.c
 433 !Edrivers/pnp/driver.c
 434 !Edrivers/pnp/manager.c
 435 !Edrivers/pnp/support.c
 436      </sect1>
 437   </chapter>
 438
 439   <chapter id="blkdev">
 440      <title>Block Devices</title>
 441 !Eblock/ll_rw_blk.c
 442   </chapter>
 443
 444   <chapter id="miscdev">
 445      <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
 446 !Edrivers/char/misc.c
 447   </chapter>
 448
 449   <chapter id="parportdev">
 450      <title>Parallel Port Devices</title>
 451 !Iinclude/linux/parport.h
 452 !Edrivers/parport/ieee1284.c
 453 !Edrivers/parport/share.c
 454 !Idrivers/parport/daisy.c
 455   </chapter>
 456
 457   <chapter id="viddev">
 458      <title>Video4Linux</title>
 459 !Edrivers/media/video/videodev.c
 460   </chapter>
 461
 462   <chapter id="snddev">
 463      <title>Sound Devices</title>
 464 !Iinclude/sound/core.h
 465 !Esound/sound_core.c
 466 !Iinclude/sound/pcm.h
 467 !Esound/core/pcm.c
 468 !Esound/core/device.c
 469 !Esound/core/info.c
 470 !Esound/core/rawmidi.c
 471 !Esound/core/sound.c
 472 !Esound/core/memory.c
 473 !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
 474 !Esound/core/init.c
 475 !Esound/core/isadma.c
 476 !Esound/core/control.c
 477 !Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
 478 !Esound/core/hwdep.c
 479 !Esound/core/pcm_native.c
 480 !Esound/core/memalloc.c
 481 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 482 X!Isound/sound_firmware.c
 483 -->
 484   </chapter>
 485
 486   <chapter id="uart16x50">
 487      <title>16x50 UART Driver</title>
 488 !Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h
 489 !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c
 490 !Edrivers/serial/8250.c
 491   </chapter>
 492
 493   <chapter id="z85230">
 494      <title>Z85230 Support Library</title>
 495 !Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
 496   </chapter>
 497
 498   <chapter id="fbdev">
 499      <title>Frame Buffer Library</title>
 500
 501      <para>
 502        The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures.
 503        These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h.  They are
 504        fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs.
 505        The last three can be made available to and from userland.
 506      </para>
 507
 508      <para>
 509        fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card.
 510        Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a
 511        collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work.
 512        fb_info is only visible to the kernel.
 513      </para>
 514
 515      <para>
 516        fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card
 517        that are user defined.  With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as
 518        depth and the resolution may be defined.
 519      </para>
 520
 521      <para>
 522        The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the
 523        properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't
 524        be changed otherwise.  A good example of this is the start of the
 525        frame buffer memory.  This "locks" the address of the frame buffer
 526        memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved.
 527      </para>
 528
 529      <para>
 530        The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was
 531        little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things
 532        such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With
 533        the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used
 534        correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked.  fb_monospecs
 535        will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x.
 536      </para>
 537
 538      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title>
 539 !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c
 540      </sect1>
 541 <!--
 542      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title>
 543 X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c
 544      </sect1>
 545 -->
 546      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title>
 547 !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c
 548      </sect1>
 549 <!-- FIXME:
 550   drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml.  Comment
 551   out until somebody adds docs.  KAO
 552      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title>
 553 X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c
 554      </sect1>
 555 KAO -->
 556      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title>
 557 !Idrivers/video/modedb.c
 558 !Edrivers/video/modedb.c
 559      </sect1>
 560      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title>
 561 !Edrivers/video/macmodes.c
 562      </sect1>
 563      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title>
 564         <para>
 565            Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information.
 566         </para>
 567 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 568 X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c
 569 -->
 570      </sect1>
 571   </chapter>
 572 </book>