2 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
4 * This is the low-level hd interrupt support. It traverses the
5 * request-list, using interrupts to jump between functions. As
6 * all the functions are called within interrupts, we may not
7 * sleep. Special care is recommended.
9 * modified by Drew Eckhardt to check nr of hd's from the CMOS.
11 * Thanks to Branko Lankester, lankeste@fwi.uva.nl, who found a bug
12 * in the early extended-partition checks and added DM partitions
14 * IRQ-unmask, drive-id, multiple-mode, support for ">16 heads",
15 * and general streamlining by Mark Lord.
17 * Removed 99% of above. Use Mark's ide driver for those options.
18 * This is now a lightweight ST-506 driver. (Paul Gortmaker)
20 * Modified 1995 Russell King for ARM processor.
22 * Bugfix: max_sectors must be <= 255 or the wheels tend to come
23 * off in a hurry once you queue things up - Paul G. 02/2001
26 /* Uncomment the following if you want verbose error reports. */
27 /* #define VERBOSE_ERRORS */
29 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
30 #include <linux/errno.h>
31 #include <linux/signal.h>
32 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
33 #include <linux/timer.h>
35 #include <linux/kernel.h>
36 #include <linux/genhd.h>
37 #include <linux/slab.h>
38 #include <linux/string.h>
39 #include <linux/ioport.h>
40 #include <linux/mc146818rtc.h> /* CMOS defines */
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/blkpg.h>
43 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
45 #define REALLY_SLOW_IO
46 #include <asm/system.h>
48 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
55 #define HD_IRQ IRQ_HARDDISK
58 /* Hd controller regster ports */
60 #define HD_DATA 0x1f0 /* _CTL when writing */
61 #define HD_ERROR 0x1f1 /* see err-bits */
62 #define HD_NSECTOR 0x1f2 /* nr of sectors to read/write */
63 #define HD_SECTOR 0x1f3 /* starting sector */
64 #define HD_LCYL 0x1f4 /* starting cylinder */
65 #define HD_HCYL 0x1f5 /* high byte of starting cyl */
66 #define HD_CURRENT 0x1f6 /* 101dhhhh , d=drive, hhhh=head */
67 #define HD_STATUS 0x1f7 /* see status-bits */
68 #define HD_FEATURE HD_ERROR /* same io address, read=error, write=feature */
69 #define HD_PRECOMP HD_FEATURE /* obsolete use of this port - predates IDE */
70 #define HD_COMMAND HD_STATUS /* same io address, read=status, write=cmd */
72 #define HD_CMD 0x3f6 /* used for resets */
73 #define HD_ALTSTATUS 0x3f6 /* same as HD_STATUS but doesn't clear irq */
75 /* Bits of HD_STATUS */
77 #define INDEX_STAT 0x02
78 #define ECC_STAT 0x04 /* Corrected error */
80 #define SEEK_STAT 0x10
81 #define SERVICE_STAT SEEK_STAT
82 #define WRERR_STAT 0x20
83 #define READY_STAT 0x40
84 #define BUSY_STAT 0x80
86 /* Bits for HD_ERROR */
87 #define MARK_ERR 0x01 /* Bad address mark */
88 #define TRK0_ERR 0x02 /* couldn't find track 0 */
89 #define ABRT_ERR 0x04 /* Command aborted */
90 #define MCR_ERR 0x08 /* media change request */
91 #define ID_ERR 0x10 /* ID field not found */
92 #define MC_ERR 0x20 /* media changed */
93 #define ECC_ERR 0x40 /* Uncorrectable ECC error */
94 #define BBD_ERR 0x80 /* pre-EIDE meaning: block marked bad */
95 #define ICRC_ERR 0x80 /* new meaning: CRC error during transfer */
97 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(hd_lock);
98 static struct request_queue *hd_queue;
100 #define MAJOR_NR HD_MAJOR
101 #define QUEUE (hd_queue)
102 #define CURRENT elv_next_request(hd_queue)
104 #define TIMEOUT_VALUE (6*HZ)
107 #define MAX_ERRORS 16 /* Max read/write errors/sector */
108 #define RESET_FREQ 8 /* Reset controller every 8th retry */
109 #define RECAL_FREQ 4 /* Recalibrate every 4th retry */
112 #define STAT_OK (READY_STAT|SEEK_STAT)
113 #define OK_STATUS(s) (((s)&(STAT_OK|(BUSY_STAT|WRERR_STAT|ERR_STAT)))==STAT_OK)
115 static void recal_intr(void);
116 static void bad_rw_intr(void);
122 * This struct defines the HD's and their types.
125 unsigned int head,sect,cyl,wpcom,lzone,ctl;
132 static struct hd_i_struct hd_info[] = { HD_TYPE };
133 static int NR_HD = ((sizeof (hd_info))/(sizeof (struct hd_i_struct)));
135 static struct hd_i_struct hd_info[MAX_HD];
139 static struct gendisk *hd_gendisk[MAX_HD];
141 static struct timer_list device_timer;
143 #define TIMEOUT_VALUE (6*HZ)
147 mod_timer(&device_timer, jiffies + TIMEOUT_VALUE); \
150 static void (*do_hd)(void) = NULL;
151 #define SET_HANDLER(x) \
152 if ((do_hd = (x)) != NULL) \
155 del_timer(&device_timer);
160 #include <asm/i8253.h>
162 unsigned long last_req;
164 unsigned long read_timer(void)
166 unsigned long t, flags;
169 spin_lock_irqsave(&i8253_lock, flags);
174 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&i8253_lock, flags);
179 static void __init hd_setup(char *str, int *ints)
185 if (hd_info[0].head != 0)
187 hd_info[hdind].head = ints[2];
188 hd_info[hdind].sect = ints[3];
189 hd_info[hdind].cyl = ints[1];
190 hd_info[hdind].wpcom = 0;
191 hd_info[hdind].lzone = ints[1];
192 hd_info[hdind].ctl = (ints[2] > 8 ? 8 : 0);
196 static void dump_status (const char *msg, unsigned int stat)
200 name = CURRENT->rq_disk->disk_name;
202 #ifdef VERBOSE_ERRORS
203 printk("%s: %s: status=0x%02x { ", name, msg, stat & 0xff);
204 if (stat & BUSY_STAT) printk("Busy ");
205 if (stat & READY_STAT) printk("DriveReady ");
206 if (stat & WRERR_STAT) printk("WriteFault ");
207 if (stat & SEEK_STAT) printk("SeekComplete ");
208 if (stat & DRQ_STAT) printk("DataRequest ");
209 if (stat & ECC_STAT) printk("CorrectedError ");
210 if (stat & INDEX_STAT) printk("Index ");
211 if (stat & ERR_STAT) printk("Error ");
213 if ((stat & ERR_STAT) == 0) {
216 hd_error = inb(HD_ERROR);
217 printk("%s: %s: error=0x%02x { ", name, msg, hd_error & 0xff);
218 if (hd_error & BBD_ERR) printk("BadSector ");
219 if (hd_error & ECC_ERR) printk("UncorrectableError ");
220 if (hd_error & ID_ERR) printk("SectorIdNotFound ");
221 if (hd_error & ABRT_ERR) printk("DriveStatusError ");
222 if (hd_error & TRK0_ERR) printk("TrackZeroNotFound ");
223 if (hd_error & MARK_ERR) printk("AddrMarkNotFound ");
225 if (hd_error & (BBD_ERR|ECC_ERR|ID_ERR|MARK_ERR)) {
226 printk(", CHS=%d/%d/%d", (inb(HD_HCYL)<<8) + inb(HD_LCYL),
227 inb(HD_CURRENT) & 0xf, inb(HD_SECTOR));
229 printk(", sector=%ld", CURRENT->sector);
234 printk("%s: %s: status=0x%02x.\n", name, msg, stat & 0xff);
235 if ((stat & ERR_STAT) == 0) {
238 hd_error = inb(HD_ERROR);
239 printk("%s: %s: error=0x%02x.\n", name, msg, hd_error & 0xff);
244 static void check_status(void)
246 int i = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
249 dump_status("check_status", i);
254 static int controller_busy(void)
256 int retries = 100000;
257 unsigned char status;
260 status = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
261 } while ((status & BUSY_STAT) && --retries);
265 static int status_ok(void)
267 unsigned char status = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
269 if (status & BUSY_STAT)
270 return 1; /* Ancient, but does it make sense??? */
271 if (status & WRERR_STAT)
273 if (!(status & READY_STAT))
275 if (!(status & SEEK_STAT))
280 static int controller_ready(unsigned int drive, unsigned int head)
285 if (controller_busy() & BUSY_STAT)
287 outb_p(0xA0 | (drive<<4) | head, HD_CURRENT);
295 static void hd_out(struct hd_i_struct *disk,
301 void (*intr_addr)(void))
306 while (read_timer() - last_req < HD_DELAY)
311 if (!controller_ready(disk->unit, head)) {
315 SET_HANDLER(intr_addr);
316 outb_p(disk->ctl,HD_CMD);
318 outb_p(disk->wpcom>>2,++port);
319 outb_p(nsect,++port);
322 outb_p(cyl>>8,++port);
323 outb_p(0xA0|(disk->unit<<4)|head,++port);
327 static void hd_request (void);
329 static int drive_busy(void)
334 for (i = 0; i < 500000 ; i++) {
335 c = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
336 if ((c & (BUSY_STAT | READY_STAT | SEEK_STAT)) == STAT_OK)
339 dump_status("reset timed out", c);
343 static void reset_controller(void)
348 for(i = 0; i < 1000; i++) barrier();
349 outb_p(hd_info[0].ctl & 0x0f,HD_CMD);
350 for(i = 0; i < 1000; i++) barrier();
352 printk("hd: controller still busy\n");
353 else if ((hd_error = inb(HD_ERROR)) != 1)
354 printk("hd: controller reset failed: %02x\n",hd_error);
357 static void reset_hd(void)
372 struct hd_i_struct *disk = &hd_info[i];
373 disk->special_op = disk->recalibrate = 1;
374 hd_out(disk,disk->sect,disk->sect,disk->head-1,
375 disk->cyl,WIN_SPECIFY,&reset_hd);
383 * Ok, don't know what to do with the unexpected interrupts: on some machines
384 * doing a reset and a retry seems to result in an eternal loop. Right now I
385 * ignore it, and just set the timeout.
387 * On laptops (and "green" PCs), an unexpected interrupt occurs whenever the
388 * drive enters "idle", "standby", or "sleep" mode, so if the status looks
389 * "good", we just ignore the interrupt completely.
391 static void unexpected_hd_interrupt(void)
393 unsigned int stat = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
395 if (stat & (BUSY_STAT|DRQ_STAT|ECC_STAT|ERR_STAT)) {
396 dump_status ("unexpected interrupt", stat);
402 * bad_rw_intr() now tries to be a bit smarter and does things
403 * according to the error returned by the controller.
404 * -Mika Liljeberg (liljeber@cs.Helsinki.FI)
406 static void bad_rw_intr(void)
408 struct request *req = CURRENT;
410 struct hd_i_struct *disk = req->rq_disk->private_data;
411 if (++req->errors >= MAX_ERRORS || (hd_error & BBD_ERR)) {
413 disk->special_op = disk->recalibrate = 1;
414 } else if (req->errors % RESET_FREQ == 0)
416 else if ((hd_error & TRK0_ERR) || req->errors % RECAL_FREQ == 0)
417 disk->special_op = disk->recalibrate = 1;
418 /* Otherwise just retry */
422 static inline int wait_DRQ(void)
424 int retries = 100000, stat;
426 while (--retries > 0)
427 if ((stat = inb_p(HD_STATUS)) & DRQ_STAT)
429 dump_status("wait_DRQ", stat);
433 static void read_intr(void)
436 int i, retries = 100000;
439 i = (unsigned) inb_p(HD_STATUS);
446 } while (--retries > 0);
447 dump_status("read_intr", i);
453 insw(HD_DATA,req->buffer,256);
457 i = --req->nr_sectors;
458 --req->current_nr_sectors;
460 printk("%s: read: sector %ld, remaining = %ld, buffer=%p\n",
461 req->rq_disk->disk_name, req->sector, req->nr_sectors,
464 if (req->current_nr_sectors <= 0)
467 SET_HANDLER(&read_intr);
470 (void) inb_p(HD_STATUS);
472 last_req = read_timer();
474 if (elv_next_request(QUEUE))
479 static void write_intr(void)
481 struct request *req = CURRENT;
483 int retries = 100000;
486 i = (unsigned) inb_p(HD_STATUS);
491 if ((req->nr_sectors <= 1) || (i & DRQ_STAT))
493 } while (--retries > 0);
494 dump_status("write_intr", i);
500 i = --req->nr_sectors;
501 --req->current_nr_sectors;
503 if (!i || (req->bio && req->current_nr_sectors <= 0))
506 SET_HANDLER(&write_intr);
507 outsw(HD_DATA,req->buffer,256);
511 last_req = read_timer();
518 static void recal_intr(void)
522 last_req = read_timer();
528 * This is another of the error-routines I don't know what to do with. The
529 * best idea seems to just set reset, and start all over again.
531 static void hd_times_out(unsigned long dummy)
543 name = CURRENT->rq_disk->disk_name;
544 printk("%s: timeout\n", name);
545 if (++CURRENT->errors >= MAX_ERRORS) {
547 printk("%s: too many errors\n", name);
549 end_request(CURRENT, 0);
556 static int do_special_op(struct hd_i_struct *disk, struct request *req)
558 if (disk->recalibrate) {
559 disk->recalibrate = 0;
560 hd_out(disk,disk->sect,0,0,0,WIN_RESTORE,&recal_intr);
563 if (disk->head > 16) {
564 printk ("%s: cannot handle device with more than 16 heads - giving up\n", req->rq_disk->disk_name);
567 disk->special_op = 0;
572 * The driver enables interrupts as much as possible. In order to do this,
573 * (a) the device-interrupt is disabled before entering hd_request(),
574 * and (b) the timeout-interrupt is disabled before the sti().
576 * Interrupts are still masked (by default) whenever we are exchanging
577 * data/cmds with a drive, because some drives seem to have very poor
578 * tolerance for latency during I/O. The IDE driver has support to unmask
579 * interrupts for non-broken hardware, so use that driver if required.
581 static void hd_request(void)
583 unsigned int block, nsect, sec, track, head, cyl;
584 struct hd_i_struct *disk;
590 del_timer(&device_timer);
604 disk = req->rq_disk->private_data;
606 nsect = req->nr_sectors;
607 if (block >= get_capacity(req->rq_disk) ||
608 ((block+nsect) > get_capacity(req->rq_disk))) {
609 printk("%s: bad access: block=%d, count=%d\n",
610 req->rq_disk->disk_name, block, nsect);
615 if (disk->special_op) {
616 if (do_special_op(disk, req))
620 sec = block % disk->sect + 1;
621 track = block / disk->sect;
622 head = track % disk->head;
623 cyl = track / disk->head;
625 printk("%s: %sing: CHS=%d/%d/%d, sectors=%d, buffer=%p\n",
626 req->rq_disk->disk_name, (req->cmd == READ)?"read":"writ",
627 cyl, head, sec, nsect, req->buffer);
629 if (req->flags & REQ_CMD) {
630 switch (rq_data_dir(req)) {
632 hd_out(disk,nsect,sec,head,cyl,WIN_READ,&read_intr);
637 hd_out(disk,nsect,sec,head,cyl,WIN_WRITE,&write_intr);
644 outsw(HD_DATA,req->buffer,256);
647 printk("unknown hd-command\n");
654 static void do_hd_request (request_queue_t * q)
661 static int hd_ioctl(struct inode * inode, struct file * file,
662 unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
664 struct hd_i_struct *disk = inode->i_bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
665 struct hd_geometry __user *loc = (struct hd_geometry __user *) arg;
666 struct hd_geometry g;
668 if (cmd != HDIO_GETGEO)
672 g.heads = disk->head;
673 g.sectors = disk->sect;
674 g.cylinders = disk->cyl;
675 g.start = get_start_sect(inode->i_bdev);
676 return copy_to_user(loc, &g, sizeof g) ? -EFAULT : 0;
680 * Releasing a block device means we sync() it, so that it can safely
681 * be forgotten about...
684 static irqreturn_t hd_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
686 void (*handler)(void) = do_hd;
689 del_timer(&device_timer);
691 handler = unexpected_hd_interrupt;
697 static struct block_device_operations hd_fops = {
702 * This is the hard disk IRQ description. The SA_INTERRUPT in sa_flags
703 * means we run the IRQ-handler with interrupts disabled: this is bad for
704 * interrupt latency, but anything else has led to problems on some
707 * We enable interrupts in some of the routines after making sure it's
711 static int __init hd_init(void)
715 if (register_blkdev(MAJOR_NR,"hd"))
718 hd_queue = blk_init_queue(do_hd_request, &hd_lock);
720 unregister_blkdev(MAJOR_NR,"hd");
724 blk_queue_max_sectors(hd_queue, 255);
725 init_timer(&device_timer);
726 device_timer.function = hd_times_out;
727 blk_queue_hardsect_size(hd_queue, 512);
731 extern struct drive_info drive_info;
732 unsigned char *BIOS = (unsigned char *) &drive_info;
736 for (drive=0 ; drive<2 ; drive++) {
737 hd_info[drive].cyl = *(unsigned short *) BIOS;
738 hd_info[drive].head = *(2+BIOS);
739 hd_info[drive].wpcom = *(unsigned short *) (5+BIOS);
740 hd_info[drive].ctl = *(8+BIOS);
741 hd_info[drive].lzone = *(unsigned short *) (12+BIOS);
742 hd_info[drive].sect = *(14+BIOS);
743 #ifdef does_not_work_for_everybody_with_scsi_but_helps_ibm_vp
744 if (hd_info[drive].cyl && NR_HD == drive)
751 We query CMOS about hard disks : it could be that
752 we have a SCSI/ESDI/etc controller that is BIOS
753 compatible with ST-506, and thus showing up in our
754 BIOS table, but not register compatible, and therefore
757 Furthermore, we will assume that our ST-506 drives
758 <if any> are the primary drives in the system, and
759 the ones reflected as drive 1 or 2.
761 The first drive is stored in the high nibble of CMOS
762 byte 0x12, the second in the low nibble. This will be
763 either a 4 bit drive type or 0xf indicating use byte 0x19
764 for an 8 bit type, drive 1, 0x1a for drive 2 in CMOS.
766 Needless to say, a non-zero value means we have
767 an AT controller hard disk for that drive.
769 Currently the rtc_lock is a bit academic since this
770 driver is non-modular, but someday... ? Paul G.
773 spin_lock_irqsave(&rtc_lock, flags);
774 cmos_disks = CMOS_READ(0x12);
775 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rtc_lock, flags);
777 if (cmos_disks & 0xf0) {
778 if (cmos_disks & 0x0f)
784 #endif /* __i386__ */
787 /* We don't know anything about the drive. This means
788 * that you *MUST* specify the drive parameters to the
791 printk("hd: no drives specified - use hd=cyl,head,sectors"
792 " on kernel command line\n");
798 for (drive=0 ; drive < NR_HD ; drive++) {
799 struct gendisk *disk = alloc_disk(64);
800 struct hd_i_struct *p = &hd_info[drive];
803 disk->major = MAJOR_NR;
804 disk->first_minor = drive << 6;
805 disk->fops = &hd_fops;
806 sprintf(disk->disk_name, "hd%c", 'a'+drive);
807 disk->private_data = p;
808 set_capacity(disk, p->head * p->sect * p->cyl);
809 disk->queue = hd_queue;
811 hd_gendisk[drive] = disk;
812 printk ("%s: %luMB, CHS=%d/%d/%d\n",
813 disk->disk_name, (unsigned long)get_capacity(disk)/2048,
814 p->cyl, p->head, p->sect);
817 if (request_irq(HD_IRQ, hd_interrupt, SA_INTERRUPT, "hd", NULL)) {
818 printk("hd: unable to get IRQ%d for the hard disk driver\n",
822 if (!request_region(HD_DATA, 8, "hd")) {
823 printk(KERN_WARNING "hd: port 0x%x busy\n", HD_DATA);
826 if (!request_region(HD_CMD, 1, "hd(cmd)")) {
827 printk(KERN_WARNING "hd: port 0x%x busy\n", HD_CMD);
832 for(drive=0; drive < NR_HD; drive++)
833 add_disk(hd_gendisk[drive]);
838 release_region(HD_DATA, 8);
840 free_irq(HD_IRQ, NULL);
842 for (drive = 0; drive < NR_HD; drive++)
843 put_disk(hd_gendisk[drive]);
846 del_timer(&device_timer);
847 unregister_blkdev(MAJOR_NR,"hd");
848 blk_cleanup_queue(hd_queue);
852 put_disk(hd_gendisk[drive]);
856 static int __init parse_hd_setup (char *line) {
859 (void) get_options(line, ARRAY_SIZE(ints), ints);
860 hd_setup(NULL, ints);
864 __setup("hd=", parse_hd_setup);
866 module_init(hd_init);