1 Fault injection capabilities infrastructure
2 ===========================================
4 See also drivers/md/faulty.c and "every_nth" module option for scsi_debug.
7 Available fault injection capabilities
8 --------------------------------------
12 injects slab allocation failures. (kmalloc(), kmem_cache_alloc(), ...)
16 injects page allocation failures. (alloc_pages(), get_free_pages(), ...)
20 injects disk IO errors on devices permitted by setting
21 /sys/block/<device>/make-it-fail or
22 /sys/block/<device>/<partition>/make-it-fail. (generic_make_request())
24 Configure fault-injection capabilities behavior
25 -----------------------------------------------
29 fault-inject-debugfs kernel module provides some debugfs entries for runtime
30 configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
32 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/probability:
34 likelihood of failure injection, in percent.
37 Note that one-failure-per-hundred is a very high error rate
38 for some testcases. Consider setting probability=100 and configure
39 /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval for such testcases.
41 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval:
43 specifies the interval between failures, for calls to
44 should_fail() that pass all the other tests.
46 Note that if you enable this, by setting interval>1, you will
47 probably want to set probability=100.
49 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/times:
51 specifies how many times failures may happen at most.
52 A value of -1 means "no limit".
54 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/space:
56 specifies an initial resource "budget", decremented by "size"
57 on each call to should_fail(,size). Failure injection is
58 suppressed until "space" reaches zero.
60 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/verbose
63 specifies the verbosity of the messages when failure is
64 injected. '0' means no messages; '1' will print only a single
65 log line per failure; '2' will print a call trace too -- useful
66 to debug the problems revealed by fault injection.
68 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/task-filter:
71 A value of 'N' disables filtering by process (default).
72 Any positive value limits failures to only processes indicated by
73 /proc/<pid>/make-it-fail==1.
75 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-start:
76 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-end:
77 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-start:
78 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-end:
80 specifies the range of virtual addresses tested during
81 stacktrace walking. Failure is injected only if some caller
82 in the walked stacktrace lies within the required range, and
83 none lies within the rejected range.
84 Default required range is [0,ULONG_MAX) (whole of virtual address space).
85 Default rejected range is [0,0).
87 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/stacktrace-depth:
89 specifies the maximum stacktrace depth walked during search
90 for a caller within [require-start,require-end) OR
91 [reject-start,reject-end).
93 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
96 default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' won't inject failures into
97 highmem/user allocations.
99 - /sys/kernel/debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
100 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
102 Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
103 default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will inject failures
104 only into non-sleep allocations (GFP_ATOMIC allocations).
106 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/min-order:
108 specifies the minimum page allocation order to be injected
113 In order to inject faults while debugfs is not available (early boot time),
118 fail_make_request=<interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
120 How to add new fault injection capability
121 -----------------------------------------
123 o #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
125 o define the fault attributes
127 DECLARE_FAULT_INJECTION(name);
129 Please see the definition of struct fault_attr in fault-inject.h
132 o provide a way to configure fault attributes
136 If you need to enable the fault injection capability from boot time, you can
137 provide boot option to configure it. There is a helper function for it:
139 setup_fault_attr(attr, str);
143 failslab, fail_page_alloc, and fail_make_request use this way.
146 init_fault_attr_entries(entries, attr, name);
147 void cleanup_fault_attr_entries(entries);
151 If the scope of the fault injection capability is limited to a
152 single kernel module, it is better to provide module parameters to
153 configure the fault attributes.
155 o add a hook to insert failures
157 Upon should_fail() returning true, client code should inject a failure.
159 should_fail(attr, size);
164 o Inject slab allocation failures into module init/exit code
169 echo Y > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
170 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
171 echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
172 echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
173 echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
174 echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
175 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
179 bash -c "echo 1 > /proc/self/make-it-fail && exec $*"
184 echo "Usage: $0 modulename [ modulename ... ]"
191 faulty_system modprobe $m
194 faulty_system modprobe -r $m
197 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
199 o Inject page allocation failures only for a specific module
203 FAILTYPE=fail_page_alloc
208 echo "Usage: $0 <modulename>"
214 if [ ! -d /sys/module/$module/sections ]
216 echo Module $module is not loaded
220 cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.text > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-start
221 cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.data > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-end
223 echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
224 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
225 echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
226 echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
227 echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
228 echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
229 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
230 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-highmem
231 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/stacktrace-depth
233 trap "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
235 echo "Injecting errors into the module $module... (interrupt to stop)"