4 * Manages VM statistics
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
8 * Copyright (C) 2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.,
9 * Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
13 #include <linux/err.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/cpu.h>
16 #include <linux/vmstat.h>
17 #include <linux/sched.h>
19 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
20 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_event_state, vm_event_states) = {{0}};
21 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(vm_event_states);
23 static void sum_vm_events(unsigned long *ret, cpumask_t *cpumask)
28 memset(ret, 0, NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long));
30 for_each_cpu_mask_nr(cpu, *cpumask) {
31 struct vm_event_state *this = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu);
33 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++)
34 ret[i] += this->event[i];
39 * Accumulate the vm event counters across all CPUs.
40 * The result is unavoidably approximate - it can change
41 * during and after execution of this function.
43 void all_vm_events(unsigned long *ret)
46 sum_vm_events(ret, &cpu_online_map);
49 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(all_vm_events);
53 * Fold the foreign cpu events into our own.
55 * This is adding to the events on one processor
56 * but keeps the global counts constant.
58 void vm_events_fold_cpu(int cpu)
60 struct vm_event_state *fold_state = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu);
63 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) {
64 count_vm_events(i, fold_state->event[i]);
65 fold_state->event[i] = 0;
68 #endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG */
70 #endif /* CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS */
73 * Manage combined zone based / global counters
75 * vm_stat contains the global counters
77 atomic_long_t vm_stat[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS];
78 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_stat);
82 static int calculate_threshold(struct zone *zone)
85 int mem; /* memory in 128 MB units */
88 * The threshold scales with the number of processors and the amount
89 * of memory per zone. More memory means that we can defer updates for
90 * longer, more processors could lead to more contention.
91 * fls() is used to have a cheap way of logarithmic scaling.
93 * Some sample thresholds:
95 * Threshold Processors (fls) Zonesize fls(mem+1)
96 * ------------------------------------------------------------------
113 * 125 1024 10 8-16 GB 8
114 * 125 1024 10 16-32 GB 9
117 mem = zone->present_pages >> (27 - PAGE_SHIFT);
119 threshold = 2 * fls(num_online_cpus()) * (1 + fls(mem));
122 * Maximum threshold is 125
124 threshold = min(125, threshold);
130 * Refresh the thresholds for each zone.
132 static void refresh_zone_stat_thresholds(void)
138 for_each_zone(zone) {
140 if (!zone->present_pages)
143 threshold = calculate_threshold(zone);
145 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
146 zone_pcp(zone, cpu)->stat_threshold = threshold;
151 * For use when we know that interrupts are disabled.
153 void __mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
156 struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
157 s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
162 if (unlikely(x > pcp->stat_threshold || x < -pcp->stat_threshold)) {
163 zone_page_state_add(x, zone, item);
168 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_zone_page_state);
171 * For an unknown interrupt state
173 void mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
178 local_irq_save(flags);
179 __mod_zone_page_state(zone, item, delta);
180 local_irq_restore(flags);
182 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_zone_page_state);
185 * Optimized increment and decrement functions.
187 * These are only for a single page and therefore can take a struct page *
188 * argument instead of struct zone *. This allows the inclusion of the code
189 * generated for page_zone(page) into the optimized functions.
191 * No overflow check is necessary and therefore the differential can be
192 * incremented or decremented in place which may allow the compilers to
193 * generate better code.
194 * The increment or decrement is known and therefore one boundary check can
197 * NOTE: These functions are very performance sensitive. Change only
200 * Some processors have inc/dec instructions that are atomic vs an interrupt.
201 * However, the code must first determine the differential location in a zone
202 * based on the processor number and then inc/dec the counter. There is no
203 * guarantee without disabling preemption that the processor will not change
204 * in between and therefore the atomicity vs. interrupt cannot be exploited
205 * in a useful way here.
207 void __inc_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
209 struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
210 s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
214 if (unlikely(*p > pcp->stat_threshold)) {
215 int overstep = pcp->stat_threshold / 2;
217 zone_page_state_add(*p + overstep, zone, item);
222 void __inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
224 __inc_zone_state(page_zone(page), item);
226 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__inc_zone_page_state);
228 void __dec_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
230 struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
231 s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
235 if (unlikely(*p < - pcp->stat_threshold)) {
236 int overstep = pcp->stat_threshold / 2;
238 zone_page_state_add(*p - overstep, zone, item);
243 void __dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
245 __dec_zone_state(page_zone(page), item);
247 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__dec_zone_page_state);
249 void inc_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
253 local_irq_save(flags);
254 __inc_zone_state(zone, item);
255 local_irq_restore(flags);
258 void inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
263 zone = page_zone(page);
264 local_irq_save(flags);
265 __inc_zone_state(zone, item);
266 local_irq_restore(flags);
268 EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_zone_page_state);
270 void dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
274 local_irq_save(flags);
275 __dec_zone_page_state(page, item);
276 local_irq_restore(flags);
278 EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_zone_page_state);
281 * Update the zone counters for one cpu.
283 * The cpu specified must be either the current cpu or a processor that
284 * is not online. If it is the current cpu then the execution thread must
285 * be pinned to the current cpu.
287 * Note that refresh_cpu_vm_stats strives to only access
288 * node local memory. The per cpu pagesets on remote zones are placed
289 * in the memory local to the processor using that pageset. So the
290 * loop over all zones will access a series of cachelines local to
293 * The call to zone_page_state_add updates the cachelines with the
294 * statistics in the remote zone struct as well as the global cachelines
295 * with the global counters. These could cause remote node cache line
296 * bouncing and will have to be only done when necessary.
298 void refresh_cpu_vm_stats(int cpu)
302 int global_diff[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, };
304 for_each_zone(zone) {
305 struct per_cpu_pageset *p;
307 if (!populated_zone(zone))
310 p = zone_pcp(zone, cpu);
312 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
313 if (p->vm_stat_diff[i]) {
317 local_irq_save(flags);
318 v = p->vm_stat_diff[i];
319 p->vm_stat_diff[i] = 0;
320 local_irq_restore(flags);
321 atomic_long_add(v, &zone->vm_stat[i]);
324 /* 3 seconds idle till flush */
331 * Deal with draining the remote pageset of this
334 * Check if there are pages remaining in this pageset
335 * if not then there is nothing to expire.
337 if (!p->expire || !p->pcp.count)
341 * We never drain zones local to this processor.
343 if (zone_to_nid(zone) == numa_node_id()) {
353 drain_zone_pages(zone, &p->pcp);
357 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
359 atomic_long_add(global_diff[i], &vm_stat[i]);
366 * zonelist = the list of zones passed to the allocator
367 * z = the zone from which the allocation occurred.
369 * Must be called with interrupts disabled.
371 void zone_statistics(struct zone *preferred_zone, struct zone *z)
373 if (z->zone_pgdat == preferred_zone->zone_pgdat) {
374 __inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_HIT);
376 __inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_MISS);
377 __inc_zone_state(preferred_zone, NUMA_FOREIGN);
379 if (z->node == numa_node_id())
380 __inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_LOCAL);
382 __inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_OTHER);
386 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
388 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
390 static char * const migratetype_names[MIGRATE_TYPES] = {
398 static void *frag_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
402 for (pgdat = first_online_pgdat();
404 pgdat = next_online_pgdat(pgdat))
410 static void *frag_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos)
412 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
415 return next_online_pgdat(pgdat);
418 static void frag_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
422 /* Walk all the zones in a node and print using a callback */
423 static void walk_zones_in_node(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat,
424 void (*print)(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *, struct zone *))
427 struct zone *node_zones = pgdat->node_zones;
430 for (zone = node_zones; zone - node_zones < MAX_NR_ZONES; ++zone) {
431 if (!populated_zone(zone))
434 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
435 print(m, pgdat, zone);
436 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
440 static void frag_show_print(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat,
445 seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
446 for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order)
447 seq_printf(m, "%6lu ", zone->free_area[order].nr_free);
452 * This walks the free areas for each zone.
454 static int frag_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
456 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
457 walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, frag_show_print);
461 static void pagetypeinfo_showfree_print(struct seq_file *m,
462 pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone)
466 for (mtype = 0; mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES; mtype++) {
467 seq_printf(m, "Node %4d, zone %8s, type %12s ",
470 migratetype_names[mtype]);
471 for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order) {
472 unsigned long freecount = 0;
473 struct free_area *area;
474 struct list_head *curr;
476 area = &(zone->free_area[order]);
478 list_for_each(curr, &area->free_list[mtype])
480 seq_printf(m, "%6lu ", freecount);
486 /* Print out the free pages at each order for each migatetype */
487 static int pagetypeinfo_showfree(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
490 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
493 seq_printf(m, "%-43s ", "Free pages count per migrate type at order");
494 for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order)
495 seq_printf(m, "%6d ", order);
498 walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, pagetypeinfo_showfree_print);
503 static void pagetypeinfo_showblockcount_print(struct seq_file *m,
504 pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone)
508 unsigned long start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
509 unsigned long end_pfn = start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages;
510 unsigned long count[MIGRATE_TYPES] = { 0, };
512 for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += pageblock_nr_pages) {
518 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
519 mtype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
525 seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
526 for (mtype = 0; mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES; mtype++)
527 seq_printf(m, "%12lu ", count[mtype]);
531 /* Print out the free pages at each order for each migratetype */
532 static int pagetypeinfo_showblockcount(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
535 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
537 seq_printf(m, "\n%-23s", "Number of blocks type ");
538 for (mtype = 0; mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES; mtype++)
539 seq_printf(m, "%12s ", migratetype_names[mtype]);
541 walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, pagetypeinfo_showblockcount_print);
547 * This prints out statistics in relation to grouping pages by mobility.
548 * It is expensive to collect so do not constantly read the file.
550 static int pagetypeinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
552 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
554 /* check memoryless node */
555 if (!node_state(pgdat->node_id, N_HIGH_MEMORY))
558 seq_printf(m, "Page block order: %d\n", pageblock_order);
559 seq_printf(m, "Pages per block: %lu\n", pageblock_nr_pages);
561 pagetypeinfo_showfree(m, pgdat);
562 pagetypeinfo_showblockcount(m, pgdat);
567 const struct seq_operations fragmentation_op = {
574 const struct seq_operations pagetypeinfo_op = {
578 .show = pagetypeinfo_show,
581 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
582 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx) xx "_dma",
584 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx)
587 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
588 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) xx "_dma32",
590 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx)
593 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
594 #define TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx) xx "_high",
596 #define TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx)
599 #define TEXTS_FOR_ZONES(xx) TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx) TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) xx "_normal", \
600 TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx) xx "_movable",
602 static const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
603 /* Zoned VM counters */
612 "nr_slab_reclaimable",
613 "nr_slab_unreclaimable",
614 "nr_page_table_pages",
629 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
635 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgalloc")
644 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgrefill")
645 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgsteal")
646 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgscan_kswapd")
647 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgscan_direct")
657 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
658 "htlb_buddy_alloc_success",
659 "htlb_buddy_alloc_fail",
664 static void zoneinfo_show_print(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat,
668 seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
674 "\n scanned %lu (a: %lu i: %lu)"
677 zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES),
682 zone->nr_scan_active, zone->nr_scan_inactive,
684 zone->present_pages);
686 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
687 seq_printf(m, "\n %-12s %lu", vmstat_text[i],
688 zone_page_state(zone, i));
691 "\n protection: (%lu",
692 zone->lowmem_reserve[0]);
693 for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(zone->lowmem_reserve); i++)
694 seq_printf(m, ", %lu", zone->lowmem_reserve[i]);
698 for_each_online_cpu(i) {
699 struct per_cpu_pageset *pageset;
701 pageset = zone_pcp(zone, i);
712 seq_printf(m, "\n vm stats threshold: %d",
713 pageset->stat_threshold);
717 "\n all_unreclaimable: %u"
718 "\n prev_priority: %i"
720 zone_is_all_unreclaimable(zone),
722 zone->zone_start_pfn);
727 * Output information about zones in @pgdat.
729 static int zoneinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
731 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
732 walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, zoneinfo_show_print);
736 const struct seq_operations zoneinfo_op = {
737 .start = frag_start, /* iterate over all zones. The same as in
741 .show = zoneinfo_show,
744 static void *vmstat_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
747 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
752 if (*pos >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text))
755 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
756 v = kmalloc(NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long)
757 + sizeof(struct vm_event_state), GFP_KERNEL);
759 v = kmalloc(NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long),
764 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
765 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
766 v[i] = global_page_state(i);
767 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
768 e = v + NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS;
770 e[PGPGIN] /= 2; /* sectors -> kbytes */
776 static void *vmstat_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos)
779 if (*pos >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text))
781 return (unsigned long *)m->private + *pos;
784 static int vmstat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
786 unsigned long *l = arg;
787 unsigned long off = l - (unsigned long *)m->private;
789 seq_printf(m, "%s %lu\n", vmstat_text[off], *l);
793 static void vmstat_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
799 const struct seq_operations vmstat_op = {
800 .start = vmstat_start,
806 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
809 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work);
810 int sysctl_stat_interval __read_mostly = HZ;
812 static void vmstat_update(struct work_struct *w)
814 refresh_cpu_vm_stats(smp_processor_id());
815 schedule_delayed_work(&__get_cpu_var(vmstat_work),
816 sysctl_stat_interval);
819 static void __cpuinit start_cpu_timer(int cpu)
821 struct delayed_work *vmstat_work = &per_cpu(vmstat_work, cpu);
823 INIT_DELAYED_WORK_DEFERRABLE(vmstat_work, vmstat_update);
824 schedule_delayed_work_on(cpu, vmstat_work, HZ + cpu);
828 * Use the cpu notifier to insure that the thresholds are recalculated
831 static int __cpuinit vmstat_cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
832 unsigned long action,
835 long cpu = (long)hcpu;
839 case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN:
840 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
842 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
843 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE_FROZEN:
844 cancel_rearming_delayed_work(&per_cpu(vmstat_work, cpu));
845 per_cpu(vmstat_work, cpu).work.func = NULL;
847 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
848 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED_FROZEN:
849 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
852 case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
853 refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
861 static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata vmstat_notifier =
862 { &vmstat_cpuup_callback, NULL, 0 };
864 static int __init setup_vmstat(void)
868 refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
869 register_cpu_notifier(&vmstat_notifier);
871 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
872 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
875 module_init(setup_vmstat)