2 * INETPEER - A storage for permanent information about peers
4 * This source is covered by the GNU GPL, the same as all kernel sources.
6 * Version: $Id: inetpeer.c,v 1.7 2001/09/20 21:22:50 davem Exp $
8 * Authors: Andrey V. Savochkin <saw@msu.ru>
11 #include <linux/module.h>
12 #include <linux/types.h>
13 #include <linux/slab.h>
14 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
15 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
16 #include <linux/random.h>
17 #include <linux/sched.h>
18 #include <linux/timer.h>
19 #include <linux/time.h>
20 #include <linux/kernel.h>
22 #include <linux/net.h>
24 #include <net/inetpeer.h>
27 * Theory of operations.
28 * We keep one entry for each peer IP address. The nodes contains long-living
29 * information about the peer which doesn't depend on routes.
30 * At this moment this information consists only of ID field for the next
31 * outgoing IP packet. This field is incremented with each packet as encoded
32 * in inet_getid() function (include/net/inetpeer.h).
33 * At the moment of writing this notes identifier of IP packets is generated
34 * to be unpredictable using this code only for packets subjected
35 * (actually or potentially) to defragmentation. I.e. DF packets less than
36 * PMTU in size uses a constant ID and do not use this code (see
37 * ip_select_ident() in include/net/ip.h).
39 * Route cache entries hold references to our nodes.
40 * New cache entries get references via lookup by destination IP address in
41 * the avl tree. The reference is grabbed only when it's needed i.e. only
42 * when we try to output IP packet which needs an unpredictable ID (see
43 * __ip_select_ident() in net/ipv4/route.c).
44 * Nodes are removed only when reference counter goes to 0.
45 * When it's happened the node may be removed when a sufficient amount of
46 * time has been passed since its last use. The less-recently-used entry can
47 * also be removed if the pool is overloaded i.e. if the total amount of
48 * entries is greater-or-equal than the threshold.
50 * Node pool is organised as an AVL tree.
51 * Such an implementation has been chosen not just for fun. It's a way to
52 * prevent easy and efficient DoS attacks by creating hash collisions. A huge
53 * amount of long living nodes in a single hash slot would significantly delay
54 * lookups performed with disabled BHs.
56 * Serialisation issues.
57 * 1. Nodes may appear in the tree only with the pool write lock held.
58 * 2. Nodes may disappear from the tree only with the pool write lock held
59 * AND reference count being 0.
60 * 3. Nodes appears and disappears from unused node list only under
61 * "inet_peer_unused_lock".
62 * 4. Global variable peer_total is modified under the pool lock.
63 * 5. struct inet_peer fields modification:
64 * avl_left, avl_right, avl_parent, avl_height: pool lock
65 * unused_next, unused_prevp: unused node list lock
66 * refcnt: atomically against modifications on other CPU;
67 * usually under some other lock to prevent node disappearing
68 * dtime: unused node list lock
69 * v4daddr: unchangeable
73 /* Exported for inet_getid inline function. */
74 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(inet_peer_idlock);
76 static kmem_cache_t *peer_cachep __read_mostly;
78 #define node_height(x) x->avl_height
79 static struct inet_peer peer_fake_node = {
80 .avl_left = &peer_fake_node,
81 .avl_right = &peer_fake_node,
84 #define peer_avl_empty (&peer_fake_node)
85 static struct inet_peer *peer_root = peer_avl_empty;
86 static DEFINE_RWLOCK(peer_pool_lock);
87 #define PEER_MAXDEPTH 40 /* sufficient for about 2^27 nodes */
89 static volatile int peer_total;
90 /* Exported for sysctl_net_ipv4. */
91 int inet_peer_threshold = 65536 + 128; /* start to throw entries more
92 * aggressively at this stage */
93 int inet_peer_minttl = 120 * HZ; /* TTL under high load: 120 sec */
94 int inet_peer_maxttl = 10 * 60 * HZ; /* usual time to live: 10 min */
96 static struct inet_peer *inet_peer_unused_head;
97 /* Exported for inet_putpeer inline function. */
98 struct inet_peer **inet_peer_unused_tailp = &inet_peer_unused_head;
99 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(inet_peer_unused_lock);
100 #define PEER_MAX_CLEANUP_WORK 30
102 static void peer_check_expire(unsigned long dummy);
103 static struct timer_list peer_periodic_timer =
104 TIMER_INITIALIZER(peer_check_expire, 0, 0);
106 /* Exported for sysctl_net_ipv4. */
107 int inet_peer_gc_mintime = 10 * HZ,
108 inet_peer_gc_maxtime = 120 * HZ;
110 /* Called from ip_output.c:ip_init */
111 void __init inet_initpeers(void)
115 /* Use the straight interface to information about memory. */
117 /* The values below were suggested by Alexey Kuznetsov
118 * <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. I don't have any opinion about the values
121 if (si.totalram <= (32768*1024)/PAGE_SIZE)
122 inet_peer_threshold >>= 1; /* max pool size about 1MB on IA32 */
123 if (si.totalram <= (16384*1024)/PAGE_SIZE)
124 inet_peer_threshold >>= 1; /* about 512KB */
125 if (si.totalram <= (8192*1024)/PAGE_SIZE)
126 inet_peer_threshold >>= 2; /* about 128KB */
128 peer_cachep = kmem_cache_create("inet_peer_cache",
129 sizeof(struct inet_peer),
130 0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN,
134 panic("cannot create inet_peer_cache");
136 /* All the timers, started at system startup tend
137 to synchronize. Perturb it a bit.
139 peer_periodic_timer.expires = jiffies
140 + net_random() % inet_peer_gc_maxtime
141 + inet_peer_gc_maxtime;
142 add_timer(&peer_periodic_timer);
145 /* Called with or without local BH being disabled. */
146 static void unlink_from_unused(struct inet_peer *p)
148 spin_lock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
149 if (p->unused_prevp != NULL) {
150 /* On unused list. */
151 *p->unused_prevp = p->unused_next;
152 if (p->unused_next != NULL)
153 p->unused_next->unused_prevp = p->unused_prevp;
155 inet_peer_unused_tailp = p->unused_prevp;
156 p->unused_prevp = NULL; /* mark it as removed */
158 spin_unlock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
161 /* Called with local BH disabled and the pool lock held. */
162 #define lookup(daddr) \
164 struct inet_peer *u, **v; \
166 *stackptr++ = &peer_root; \
167 for (u = peer_root; u != peer_avl_empty; ) { \
168 if (daddr == u->v4daddr) \
170 if (daddr < u->v4daddr) \
180 /* Called with local BH disabled and the pool write lock held. */
181 #define lookup_rightempty(start) \
183 struct inet_peer *u, **v; \
184 *stackptr++ = &start->avl_left; \
185 v = &start->avl_left; \
186 for (u = *v; u->avl_right != peer_avl_empty; ) { \
194 /* Called with local BH disabled and the pool write lock held.
195 * Variable names are the proof of operation correctness.
196 * Look into mm/map_avl.c for more detail description of the ideas. */
197 static void peer_avl_rebalance(struct inet_peer **stack[],
198 struct inet_peer ***stackend)
200 struct inet_peer **nodep, *node, *l, *r;
203 while (stackend > stack) {
210 if (lh > rh + 1) { /* l: RH+2 */
211 struct inet_peer *ll, *lr, *lrl, *lrr;
215 lrh = node_height(lr);
216 if (lrh <= node_height(ll)) { /* ll: RH+1 */
217 node->avl_left = lr; /* lr: RH or RH+1 */
218 node->avl_right = r; /* r: RH */
219 node->avl_height = lrh + 1; /* RH+1 or RH+2 */
220 l->avl_left = ll; /* ll: RH+1 */
221 l->avl_right = node; /* node: RH+1 or RH+2 */
222 l->avl_height = node->avl_height + 1;
224 } else { /* ll: RH, lr: RH+1 */
225 lrl = lr->avl_left; /* lrl: RH or RH-1 */
226 lrr = lr->avl_right; /* lrr: RH or RH-1 */
227 node->avl_left = lrr; /* lrr: RH or RH-1 */
228 node->avl_right = r; /* r: RH */
229 node->avl_height = rh + 1; /* node: RH+1 */
230 l->avl_left = ll; /* ll: RH */
231 l->avl_right = lrl; /* lrl: RH or RH-1 */
232 l->avl_height = rh + 1; /* l: RH+1 */
233 lr->avl_left = l; /* l: RH+1 */
234 lr->avl_right = node; /* node: RH+1 */
235 lr->avl_height = rh + 2;
238 } else if (rh > lh + 1) { /* r: LH+2 */
239 struct inet_peer *rr, *rl, *rlr, *rll;
243 rlh = node_height(rl);
244 if (rlh <= node_height(rr)) { /* rr: LH+1 */
245 node->avl_right = rl; /* rl: LH or LH+1 */
246 node->avl_left = l; /* l: LH */
247 node->avl_height = rlh + 1; /* LH+1 or LH+2 */
248 r->avl_right = rr; /* rr: LH+1 */
249 r->avl_left = node; /* node: LH+1 or LH+2 */
250 r->avl_height = node->avl_height + 1;
252 } else { /* rr: RH, rl: RH+1 */
253 rlr = rl->avl_right; /* rlr: LH or LH-1 */
254 rll = rl->avl_left; /* rll: LH or LH-1 */
255 node->avl_right = rll; /* rll: LH or LH-1 */
256 node->avl_left = l; /* l: LH */
257 node->avl_height = lh + 1; /* node: LH+1 */
258 r->avl_right = rr; /* rr: LH */
259 r->avl_left = rlr; /* rlr: LH or LH-1 */
260 r->avl_height = lh + 1; /* r: LH+1 */
261 rl->avl_right = r; /* r: LH+1 */
262 rl->avl_left = node; /* node: LH+1 */
263 rl->avl_height = lh + 2;
267 node->avl_height = (lh > rh ? lh : rh) + 1;
272 /* Called with local BH disabled and the pool write lock held. */
273 #define link_to_pool(n) \
276 n->avl_left = peer_avl_empty; \
277 n->avl_right = peer_avl_empty; \
279 peer_avl_rebalance(stack, stackptr); \
282 /* May be called with local BH enabled. */
283 static void unlink_from_pool(struct inet_peer *p)
289 write_lock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
290 /* Check the reference counter. It was artificially incremented by 1
291 * in cleanup() function to prevent sudden disappearing. If the
292 * reference count is still 1 then the node is referenced only as `p'
293 * here and from the pool. So under the exclusive pool lock it's safe
294 * to remove the node and free it later. */
295 if (atomic_read(&p->refcnt) == 1) {
296 struct inet_peer **stack[PEER_MAXDEPTH];
297 struct inet_peer ***stackptr, ***delp;
298 if (lookup(p->v4daddr) != p)
300 delp = stackptr - 1; /* *delp[0] == p */
301 if (p->avl_left == peer_avl_empty) {
302 *delp[0] = p->avl_right;
305 /* look for a node to insert instead of p */
307 t = lookup_rightempty(p);
308 if (*stackptr[-1] != t)
310 **--stackptr = t->avl_left;
311 /* t is removed, t->v4daddr > x->v4daddr for any
312 * x in p->avl_left subtree.
313 * Put t in the old place of p. */
315 t->avl_left = p->avl_left;
316 t->avl_right = p->avl_right;
317 t->avl_height = p->avl_height;
318 if (delp[1] != &p->avl_left)
320 delp[1] = &t->avl_left; /* was &p->avl_left */
322 peer_avl_rebalance(stack, stackptr);
326 write_unlock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
329 kmem_cache_free(peer_cachep, p);
331 /* The node is used again. Decrease the reference counter
332 * back. The loop "cleanup -> unlink_from_unused
333 * -> unlink_from_pool -> putpeer -> link_to_unused
334 * -> cleanup (for the same node)"
335 * doesn't really exist because the entry will have a
336 * recent deletion time and will not be cleaned again soon. */
340 /* May be called with local BH enabled. */
341 static int cleanup_once(unsigned long ttl)
345 /* Remove the first entry from the list of unused nodes. */
346 spin_lock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
347 p = inet_peer_unused_head;
349 if (time_after(p->dtime + ttl, jiffies)) {
350 /* Do not prune fresh entries. */
351 spin_unlock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
354 inet_peer_unused_head = p->unused_next;
355 if (p->unused_next != NULL)
356 p->unused_next->unused_prevp = p->unused_prevp;
358 inet_peer_unused_tailp = p->unused_prevp;
359 p->unused_prevp = NULL; /* mark as not on the list */
360 /* Grab an extra reference to prevent node disappearing
361 * before unlink_from_pool() call. */
362 atomic_inc(&p->refcnt);
364 spin_unlock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
367 /* It means that the total number of USED entries has
368 * grown over inet_peer_threshold. It shouldn't really
369 * happen because of entry limits in route cache. */
376 /* Called with or without local BH being disabled. */
377 struct inet_peer *inet_getpeer(__u32 daddr, int create)
379 struct inet_peer *p, *n;
380 struct inet_peer **stack[PEER_MAXDEPTH], ***stackptr;
382 /* Look up for the address quickly. */
383 read_lock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
385 if (p != peer_avl_empty)
386 atomic_inc(&p->refcnt);
387 read_unlock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
389 if (p != peer_avl_empty) {
390 /* The existing node has been found. */
391 /* Remove the entry from unused list if it was there. */
392 unlink_from_unused(p);
399 /* Allocate the space outside the locked region. */
400 n = kmem_cache_alloc(peer_cachep, GFP_ATOMIC);
404 atomic_set(&n->refcnt, 1);
405 n->ip_id_count = secure_ip_id(daddr);
408 write_lock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
409 /* Check if an entry has suddenly appeared. */
411 if (p != peer_avl_empty)
416 n->unused_prevp = NULL; /* not on the list */
418 write_unlock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
420 if (peer_total >= inet_peer_threshold)
421 /* Remove one less-recently-used entry. */
427 /* The appropriate node is already in the pool. */
428 atomic_inc(&p->refcnt);
429 write_unlock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
430 /* Remove the entry from unused list if it was there. */
431 unlink_from_unused(p);
432 /* Free preallocated the preallocated node. */
433 kmem_cache_free(peer_cachep, n);
437 /* Called with local BH disabled. */
438 static void peer_check_expire(unsigned long dummy)
443 if (peer_total >= inet_peer_threshold)
444 ttl = inet_peer_minttl;
446 ttl = inet_peer_maxttl
447 - (inet_peer_maxttl - inet_peer_minttl) / HZ *
448 peer_total / inet_peer_threshold * HZ;
449 for (i = 0; i < PEER_MAX_CLEANUP_WORK && !cleanup_once(ttl); i++);
451 /* Trigger the timer after inet_peer_gc_mintime .. inet_peer_gc_maxtime
452 * interval depending on the total number of entries (more entries,
454 if (peer_total >= inet_peer_threshold)
455 peer_periodic_timer.expires = jiffies + inet_peer_gc_mintime;
457 peer_periodic_timer.expires = jiffies
458 + inet_peer_gc_maxtime
459 - (inet_peer_gc_maxtime - inet_peer_gc_mintime) / HZ *
460 peer_total / inet_peer_threshold * HZ;
461 add_timer(&peer_periodic_timer);