4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LP Printer support is enabled.
52 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
53 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
54 These options have more detailed description inside of
55 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
56 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
57 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
58 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
59 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
60 MTD MTD support is enabled.
61 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
62 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
63 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
64 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
65 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
66 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
67 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
68 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
69 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
70 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
71 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
72 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
73 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
74 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
75 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
76 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
77 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
79 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
80 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
81 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
82 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
83 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
84 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
85 USB USB support is enabled.
86 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
87 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
88 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
89 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
90 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
91 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
92 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
93 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
94 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
96 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
98 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
99 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
100 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
102 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
103 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
104 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
105 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
107 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
108 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
109 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
110 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
111 running once the system is up.
113 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
114 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
115 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
117 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
118 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
119 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
120 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
121 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
122 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
123 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
124 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
126 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
128 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
129 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
130 See Documentation/power/video.txt
132 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
133 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
135 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
136 ACPI will balance active IRQs
139 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
140 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
143 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
145 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
147 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
148 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
150 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
151 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
153 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
155 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
157 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
158 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
159 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
161 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
163 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
164 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
165 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
166 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
168 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
170 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
171 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
172 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
173 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
175 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
177 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
178 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
179 override platform specific driver.
180 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
182 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
183 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
184 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
185 and always returns good values.
187 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
188 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
189 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
190 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
191 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
193 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
194 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
195 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
198 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
199 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
202 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
208 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
210 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
211 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
213 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
214 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
215 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
218 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
221 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
224 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
227 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
229 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
230 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
232 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
234 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
235 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
236 connected to one of 16 gameports
237 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
240 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
242 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
243 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
244 APC and your system crashes randomly.
246 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
247 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
248 Change the amount of debugging information output
249 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
251 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
252 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
257 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
258 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
262 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
264 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
266 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
267 EzKey and similar keyboards
269 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
271 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
272 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
274 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
277 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
278 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
280 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
281 Use software keyboard repeat
285 awe= [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
286 Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
288 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
289 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
291 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
294 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
296 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
298 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
299 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
300 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
301 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
303 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
304 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
305 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
306 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
308 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
314 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
315 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
317 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
318 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
321 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
322 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
324 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
326 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
327 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
328 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
329 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
330 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
331 This option provides an override for these situations.
334 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
335 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
337 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
339 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
340 Format: { "0" | "1" }
341 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
342 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
343 any implied execute protection).
344 1 -- check protection requested by application.
345 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
346 Value can be changed at runtime via
347 /selinux/checkreqprot.
349 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
351 Forces specified clocksource (if avaliable) to be used
352 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
353 clocksource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
354 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
358 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
359 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
360 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
362 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
366 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
368 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
370 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
372 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
376 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
377 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
379 condev= [HW,S390] console device
382 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
384 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
388 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
389 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
390 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
391 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
392 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
394 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
396 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
399 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
400 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
401 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
402 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
403 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
404 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
406 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
408 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
411 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
413 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
414 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
415 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
418 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
423 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
424 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
426 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
429 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
431 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
432 (one device per port)
433 Format: <port#>,<type>
434 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
436 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
439 Format: <area>[,<node>]
440 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
443 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
446 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
448 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
449 See drivers/char/README.epca and
450 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
452 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
454 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
456 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
462 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
464 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
466 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
469 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
471 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
473 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
476 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
481 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
484 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
491 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
492 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
495 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
497 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
498 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
501 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
502 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
505 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
506 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
507 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
509 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
510 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
511 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
512 pass this option to capture kernel.
513 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
515 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
517 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
518 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
519 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
521 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
524 Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
525 See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
528 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
529 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
531 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
532 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
533 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
535 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
539 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
542 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
545 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
547 ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
548 See Documentation/ftape.txt.
551 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
552 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
553 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
554 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
559 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
561 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
562 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
567 gt96100eth= [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
570 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
574 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
575 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
576 for IA-64, off otherwise.
577 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
579 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
581 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
582 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
584 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
585 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
587 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
588 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
589 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
590 size on bigger boxes.
593 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
595 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
597 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
599 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
600 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
601 keyboard and can not control its state
602 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
603 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
604 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
605 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
607 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
610 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
611 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
612 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
613 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
617 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
618 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
620 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
621 does not match list of supported models.
623 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
624 (disabled by default)
625 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
628 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
629 See Documentation/mca.txt.
632 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
634 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
635 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
636 See Documentation/ide.txt.
638 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
639 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
640 See Documentation/ide.txt.
642 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
643 See Documentation/ide.txt.
646 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
649 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
652 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
656 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
659 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
660 for working out where the kernel is dying during
663 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
665 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
668 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
669 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
670 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
671 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
672 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
673 changing hdc to sdb).
674 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
678 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
679 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
680 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
683 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
685 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
686 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
688 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
689 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
692 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
693 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
697 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
698 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
699 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
703 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
705 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
706 Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
707 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
708 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
709 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
710 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
711 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
712 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
714 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
715 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
716 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
717 suboptimal load balancer performance.
720 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
724 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
725 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
729 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
734 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
737 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
738 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
740 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
741 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
743 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
744 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
746 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
749 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
752 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
755 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
758 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
761 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
762 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
763 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
764 loglevels are defined as follows:
766 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
767 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
768 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
769 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
770 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
771 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
772 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
773 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
775 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
776 Format: { n | nk | nM }
777 n must be a power of two. The default size
778 is set in the kernel config file.
780 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
781 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
782 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
783 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
784 specified in addition to the ports) causes
785 attached printers to be reset. Using
786 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
787 to associate lp devices with, starting with
788 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
789 that lp device, or a parport name such as
790 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
791 port specification list means that device IDs
792 from each port should be examined, to see if
793 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
794 so, the driver will manage that printer.
795 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
798 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
799 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
800 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
801 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
802 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
803 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
804 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
805 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
806 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
807 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
808 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
812 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
814 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
815 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
817 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
818 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
820 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
821 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
822 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
824 mad16= [HW,OSS] Format:
825 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
830 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
834 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
837 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
838 equal to this physical address is ignored.
840 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
841 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
844 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
845 Should be between 1 and 16384.
847 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
852 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
856 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
858 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
859 See Documentation/md.txt.
862 Format: <first>,<last>
863 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
865 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
866 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
867 to see the whole system memory or for test.
868 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
869 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
870 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
872 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
875 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
876 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
877 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
878 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
881 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
882 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
883 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
885 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
886 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
887 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
889 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
890 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
891 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
893 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
894 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
899 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
900 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
901 This debugging option can be used to override the
902 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
903 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
904 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
905 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
906 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
907 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
909 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
910 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
911 development purposes, not production environments.
914 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
916 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
917 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
918 increase verbosity of the detection process.
919 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
920 some more information, and 2 will be really
921 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
922 serial console attached to the system).
925 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
927 This debug option can be used to proportionally
928 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
929 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
930 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
931 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
932 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
933 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
934 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
937 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
938 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
939 development purposes, not production environments.
942 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
943 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
944 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
945 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
947 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
948 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
949 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
950 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
956 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
958 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
959 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
962 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
964 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
965 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
966 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
968 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
971 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
977 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
979 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
983 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
984 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
985 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
986 something different and driver-specific.
987 This usage is only documented in each driver source
991 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
993 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
994 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
996 nfs.callback_tcpport=
997 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
998 channel should listen.
1000 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1001 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1004 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1006 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1007 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1012 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1013 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1015 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1018 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1019 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1023 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1027 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1028 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1029 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1031 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1032 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1033 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1037 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1038 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1041 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1042 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1043 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1044 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1045 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1048 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1049 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1051 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1053 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1058 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1060 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1061 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1063 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1065 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1067 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1069 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1072 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1073 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1074 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1078 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1080 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1082 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1084 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1086 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1090 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1096 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1098 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1099 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1101 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1102 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1107 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1108 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1109 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1111 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1114 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1115 connected to, default is 0.
1117 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1118 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1121 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1122 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1123 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1124 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1125 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1126 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1127 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1128 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1129 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1130 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1131 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1132 are specified on the command line, starting
1135 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1136 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1137 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1138 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1139 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1140 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1141 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1143 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1144 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1147 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1150 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1151 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1152 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1157 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1158 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1160 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1161 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1162 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1163 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1164 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1165 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1166 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1167 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1168 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1169 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1171 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1173 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1175 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1176 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1177 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1178 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1179 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1180 done to get a device order compatible with
1182 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1183 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1184 on several machines and they hang the machine
1185 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1186 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1187 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1188 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1190 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1191 Use with caution as certain devices share
1192 address decoders between ROMs and other
1194 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1195 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1196 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1198 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1199 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1200 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1201 F0000h-100000h range.
1202 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1203 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1204 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1205 explicitly which ones they are.
1206 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1207 numbers ourselves, overriding
1208 whatever the firmware may have done.
1209 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1210 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1211 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1212 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1213 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1214 IRQ routing is enabled.
1215 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1216 or for PCI scanning.
1217 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1218 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1219 so this option is a temporary workaround
1220 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1221 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1222 just use the configuration from the
1223 bootloader. This is currently used on
1224 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1225 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1227 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1230 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1232 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1235 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1238 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1241 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1243 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1244 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1246 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1247 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1248 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1254 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1257 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1260 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1262 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1263 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1266 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1268 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1270 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1271 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1272 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1273 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1274 statistical time based profiling.
1276 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1277 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1278 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1280 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1281 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1282 instead using the legacy FADT method
1284 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1286 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1288 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1289 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1290 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1292 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1293 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1296 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1297 psmouse.smartscroll=
1298 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1299 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1301 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1303 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1306 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1308 quiet= [KNL] Disable log messages
1313 See Documentation/md.txt.
1315 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1316 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1318 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1319 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1321 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1322 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1323 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1325 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1326 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1328 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1329 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1331 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1332 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1334 rcu.rsinterval= [KNL,BOOT,SMP] Set the number of additional
1335 RCU callbacks to queued before forcing reschedule
1340 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1341 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1343 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1344 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1345 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1347 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1350 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1352 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1353 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1355 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1356 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1358 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1360 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1362 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1363 mount the root filesystem
1365 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1367 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1369 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1371 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1374 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1377 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1379 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1381 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1383 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1384 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1386 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1387 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1389 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1390 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1392 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1393 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1396 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1397 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1398 (flags are integer value)
1400 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1402 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1403 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1404 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1407 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1408 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1409 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1411 selinux_compat_net =
1412 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1413 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1414 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1415 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1416 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1417 Value can be changed at runtime via
1418 /selinux/compat_net.
1420 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1422 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1425 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1428 Maximal number of shapers.
1431 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1437 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1438 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1443 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1445 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1447 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1449 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1451 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1453 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1455 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1457 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1459 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1461 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1463 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1465 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1467 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1469 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1471 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1473 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1475 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1477 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1479 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1481 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1483 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1485 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1487 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1489 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1491 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1493 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1495 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1497 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1501 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1503 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1505 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1510 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1512 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1514 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1516 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1518 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1520 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1528 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1532 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1534 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1536 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1542 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1544 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1546 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1548 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1553 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1555 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1557 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1559 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1561 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1563 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1565 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1567 sonicvibes= [HW,OSS]
1571 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1573 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1574 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1576 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1577 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1579 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1585 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1587 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1588 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1591 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1595 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1596 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1597 as the initial boot-console.
1598 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1601 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1604 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1606 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1610 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1611 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1614 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1618 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1619 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1621 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1623 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1624 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1625 with the name specified.
1627 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1628 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1631 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1632 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1635 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1638 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1639 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1643 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1645 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1647 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1648 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1650 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1651 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1653 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1654 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1656 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1657 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1666 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1669 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1670 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1672 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1673 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1675 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1676 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1677 Documentation/svga.txt.
1678 Use vga=ask for menu.
1679 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1680 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1682 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1683 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1684 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1685 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1688 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1691 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1694 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1697 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1698 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1701 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1704 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1707 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1709 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1710 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1712 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1714 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1716 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1717 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1720 ______________________________________________________________________
1724 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1725 Add more DRM drivers.