Merge branch 'topic/fix/hda' into for-linus

[linux-2.6] / fs / inotify.c

/*
 * fs/inotify.c - inode-based file event notifications
 *
 * Authors:
 *      John McCutchan  <ttb@tentacle.dhs.org>
 *      Robert Love     <rml@novell.com>
 *
 * Kernel API added by: Amy Griffis <amy.griffis@hp.com>
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2005 John McCutchan
 * Copyright 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
 * Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
 * later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/inotify.h>

static atomic_t inotify_cookie;

/*
 * Lock ordering:
 *
 * dentry->d_lock (used to keep d_move() away from dentry->d_parent)
 * iprune_mutex (synchronize shrink_icache_memory())
 *      inode_lock (protects the super_block->s_inodes list)
 *      inode->inotify_mutex (protects inode->inotify_watches and watches->i_list)
 *              inotify_handle->mutex (protects inotify_handle and watches->h_list)
 *
 * The inode->inotify_mutex and inotify_handle->mutex and held during execution
 * of a caller's event handler.  Thus, the caller must not hold any locks
 * taken in their event handler while calling any of the published inotify
 * interfaces.
 */

/*
 * Lifetimes of the three main data structures--inotify_handle, inode, and
 * inotify_watch--are managed by reference count.
 *
 * inotify_handle: Lifetime is from inotify_init() to inotify_destroy().
 * Additional references can bump the count via get_inotify_handle() and drop
 * the count via put_inotify_handle().
 *
 * inotify_watch: for inotify's purposes, lifetime is from inotify_add_watch()
 * to remove_watch_no_event().  Additional references can bump the count via
 * get_inotify_watch() and drop the count via put_inotify_watch().  The caller
 * is reponsible for the final put after receiving IN_IGNORED, or when using
 * IN_ONESHOT after receiving the first event.  Inotify does the final put if
 * inotify_destroy() is called.
 *
 * inode: Pinned so long as the inode is associated with a watch, from
 * inotify_add_watch() to the final put_inotify_watch().
 */

/*
 * struct inotify_handle - represents an inotify instance
 *
 * This structure is protected by the mutex 'mutex'.
 */
struct inotify_handle {
        struct idr              idr;            /* idr mapping wd -> watch */
        struct mutex            mutex;          /* protects this bad boy */
        struct list_head        watches;        /* list of watches */
        atomic_t                count;          /* reference count */
        u32                     last_wd;        /* the last wd allocated */
        const struct inotify_operations *in_ops; /* inotify caller operations */
};

static inline void get_inotify_handle(struct inotify_handle *ih)
{
        atomic_inc(&ih->count);
}

static inline void put_inotify_handle(struct inotify_handle *ih)
{
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&ih->count)) {
                idr_destroy(&ih->idr);
                kfree(ih);
        }
}

/**
 * get_inotify_watch - grab a reference to an inotify_watch
 * @watch: watch to grab
 */
void get_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
{
        atomic_inc(&watch->count);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_inotify_watch);

int pin_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
{
        struct super_block *sb = watch->inode->i_sb;
        spin_lock(&sb_lock);
        if (sb->s_count >= S_BIAS) {
                atomic_inc(&sb->s_active);
                spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
                atomic_inc(&watch->count);
                return 1;
        }
        spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
        return 0;
}

/**
 * put_inotify_watch - decrements the ref count on a given watch.  cleans up
 * watch references if the count reaches zero.  inotify_watch is freed by
 * inotify callers via the destroy_watch() op.
 * @watch: watch to release
 */
void put_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
{
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&watch->count)) {
                struct inotify_handle *ih = watch->ih;

                iput(watch->inode);
                ih->in_ops->destroy_watch(watch);
                put_inotify_handle(ih);
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_inotify_watch);

void unpin_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
{
        struct super_block *sb = watch->inode->i_sb;
        put_inotify_watch(watch);
        deactivate_super(sb);
}

/*
 * inotify_handle_get_wd - returns the next WD for use by the given handle
 *
 * Callers must hold ih->mutex.  This function can sleep.
 */
static int inotify_handle_get_wd(struct inotify_handle *ih,
                                 struct inotify_watch *watch)
{
        int ret;

        do {
                if (unlikely(!idr_pre_get(&ih->idr, GFP_KERNEL)))
                        return -ENOSPC;
                ret = idr_get_new_above(&ih->idr, watch, ih->last_wd+1, &watch->wd);
        } while (ret == -EAGAIN);

        if (likely(!ret))
                ih->last_wd = watch->wd;

        return ret;
}

/*
 * inotify_inode_watched - returns nonzero if there are watches on this inode
 * and zero otherwise.  We call this lockless, we do not care if we race.
 */
static inline int inotify_inode_watched(struct inode *inode)
{
        return !list_empty(&inode->inotify_watches);
}

/*
 * Get child dentry flag into synch with parent inode.
 * Flag should always be clear for negative dentrys.
 */
static void set_dentry_child_flags(struct inode *inode, int watched)
{
        struct dentry *alias;

        spin_lock(&dcache_lock);
        list_for_each_entry(alias, &inode->i_dentry, d_alias) {
                struct dentry *child;

                list_for_each_entry(child, &alias->d_subdirs, d_u.d_child) {
                        if (!child->d_inode)
                                continue;

                        spin_lock(&child->d_lock);
                        if (watched)
                                child->d_flags |= DCACHE_INOTIFY_PARENT_WATCHED;
                        else
                                child->d_flags &=~DCACHE_INOTIFY_PARENT_WATCHED;
                        spin_unlock(&child->d_lock);
                }
        }
        spin_unlock(&dcache_lock);
}

/*
 * inotify_find_handle - find the watch associated with the given inode and
 * handle
 *
 * Callers must hold inode->inotify_mutex.
 */
static struct inotify_watch *inode_find_handle(struct inode *inode,
                                               struct inotify_handle *ih)
{
        struct inotify_watch *watch;

        list_for_each_entry(watch, &inode->inotify_watches, i_list) {
                if (watch->ih == ih)
                        return watch;
        }

        return NULL;
}

/*
 * remove_watch_no_event - remove watch without the IN_IGNORED event.
 *
 * Callers must hold both inode->inotify_mutex and ih->mutex.
 */
static void remove_watch_no_event(struct inotify_watch *watch,
                                  struct inotify_handle *ih)
{
        list_del(&watch->i_list);
        list_del(&watch->h_list);

        if (!inotify_inode_watched(watch->inode))
                set_dentry_child_flags(watch->inode, 0);

        idr_remove(&ih->idr, watch->wd);
}

/**
 * inotify_remove_watch_locked - Remove a watch from both the handle and the
 * inode.  Sends the IN_IGNORED event signifying that the inode is no longer
 * watched.  May be invoked from a caller's event handler.
 * @ih: inotify handle associated with watch
 * @watch: watch to remove
 *
 * Callers must hold both inode->inotify_mutex and ih->mutex.
 */
void inotify_remove_watch_locked(struct inotify_handle *ih,
                                 struct inotify_watch *watch)
{
        remove_watch_no_event(watch, ih);
        ih->in_ops->handle_event(watch, watch->wd, IN_IGNORED, 0, NULL, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_remove_watch_locked);

/* Kernel API for producing events */

/*
 * inotify_d_instantiate - instantiate dcache entry for inode
 */
void inotify_d_instantiate(struct dentry *entry, struct inode *inode)
{
        struct dentry *parent;

        if (!inode)
                return;

        spin_lock(&entry->d_lock);
        parent = entry->d_parent;
        if (parent->d_inode && inotify_inode_watched(parent->d_inode))
                entry->d_flags |= DCACHE_INOTIFY_PARENT_WATCHED;
        spin_unlock(&entry->d_lock);
}

/*
 * inotify_d_move - dcache entry has been moved
 */
void inotify_d_move(struct dentry *entry)
{
        struct dentry *parent;

        parent = entry->d_parent;
        if (inotify_inode_watched(parent->d_inode))
                entry->d_flags |= DCACHE_INOTIFY_PARENT_WATCHED;
        else
                entry->d_flags &= ~DCACHE_INOTIFY_PARENT_WATCHED;
}

/**
 * inotify_inode_queue_event - queue an event to all watches on this inode
 * @inode: inode event is originating from
 * @mask: event mask describing this event
 * @cookie: cookie for synchronization, or zero
 * @name: filename, if any
 * @n_inode: inode associated with name
 */
void inotify_inode_queue_event(struct inode *inode, u32 mask, u32 cookie,
                               const char *name, struct inode *n_inode)
{
        struct inotify_watch *watch, *next;

        if (!inotify_inode_watched(inode))
                return;

        mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
        list_for_each_entry_safe(watch, next, &inode->inotify_watches, i_list) {
                u32 watch_mask = watch->mask;
                if (watch_mask & mask) {
                        struct inotify_handle *ih= watch->ih;
                        mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
                        if (watch_mask & IN_ONESHOT)
                                remove_watch_no_event(watch, ih);
                        ih->in_ops->handle_event(watch, watch->wd, mask, cookie,
                                                 name, n_inode);
                        mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
                }
        }
        mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_inode_queue_event);

/**
 * inotify_dentry_parent_queue_event - queue an event to a dentry's parent
 * @dentry: the dentry in question, we queue against this dentry's parent
 * @mask: event mask describing this event
 * @cookie: cookie for synchronization, or zero
 * @name: filename, if any
 */
void inotify_dentry_parent_queue_event(struct dentry *dentry, u32 mask,
                                       u32 cookie, const char *name)
{
        struct dentry *parent;
        struct inode *inode;

        if (!(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_INOTIFY_PARENT_WATCHED))
                return;

        spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
        parent = dentry->d_parent;
        inode = parent->d_inode;

        if (inotify_inode_watched(inode)) {
                dget(parent);
                spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
                inotify_inode_queue_event(inode, mask, cookie, name,
                                          dentry->d_inode);
                dput(parent);
        } else
                spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_dentry_parent_queue_event);

/**
 * inotify_get_cookie - return a unique cookie for use in synchronizing events.
 */
u32 inotify_get_cookie(void)
{
        return atomic_inc_return(&inotify_cookie);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_get_cookie);

/**
 * inotify_unmount_inodes - an sb is unmounting.  handle any watched inodes.
 * @list: list of inodes being unmounted (sb->s_inodes)
 *
 * Called with inode_lock held, protecting the unmounting super block's list
 * of inodes, and with iprune_mutex held, keeping shrink_icache_memory() at bay.
 * We temporarily drop inode_lock, however, and CAN block.
 */
void inotify_unmount_inodes(struct list_head *list)
{
        struct inode *inode, *next_i, *need_iput = NULL;

        list_for_each_entry_safe(inode, next_i, list, i_sb_list) {
                struct inotify_watch *watch, *next_w;
                struct inode *need_iput_tmp;
                struct list_head *watches;

                /*
                 * If i_count is zero, the inode cannot have any watches and
                 * doing an __iget/iput with MS_ACTIVE clear would actually
                 * evict all inodes with zero i_count from icache which is
                 * unnecessarily violent and may in fact be illegal to do.
                 */
                if (!atomic_read(&inode->i_count))
                        continue;

                /*
                 * We cannot __iget() an inode in state I_CLEAR, I_FREEING, or
                 * I_WILL_FREE which is fine because by that point the inode
                 * cannot have any associated watches.
                 */
                if (inode->i_state & (I_CLEAR | I_FREEING | I_WILL_FREE))
                        continue;

                need_iput_tmp = need_iput;
                need_iput = NULL;
                /* In case inotify_remove_watch_locked() drops a reference. */
                if (inode != need_iput_tmp)
                        __iget(inode);
                else
                        need_iput_tmp = NULL;
                /* In case the dropping of a reference would nuke next_i. */
                if ((&next_i->i_sb_list != list) &&
                                atomic_read(&next_i->i_count) &&
                                !(next_i->i_state & (I_CLEAR | I_FREEING |
                                        I_WILL_FREE))) {
                        __iget(next_i);
                        need_iput = next_i;
                }

                /*
                 * We can safely drop inode_lock here because we hold
                 * references on both inode and next_i.  Also no new inodes
                 * will be added since the umount has begun.  Finally,
                 * iprune_mutex keeps shrink_icache_memory() away.
                 */
                spin_unlock(&inode_lock);

                if (need_iput_tmp)
                        iput(need_iput_tmp);

                /* for each watch, send IN_UNMOUNT and then remove it */
                mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
                watches = &inode->inotify_watches;
                list_for_each_entry_safe(watch, next_w, watches, i_list) {
                        struct inotify_handle *ih= watch->ih;
                        mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
                        ih->in_ops->handle_event(watch, watch->wd, IN_UNMOUNT, 0,
                                                 NULL, NULL);
                        inotify_remove_watch_locked(ih, watch);
                        mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
                }
                mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
                iput(inode);            

                spin_lock(&inode_lock);
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_unmount_inodes);

/**
 * inotify_inode_is_dead - an inode has been deleted, cleanup any watches
 * @inode: inode that is about to be removed
 */
void inotify_inode_is_dead(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct inotify_watch *watch, *next;

        mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
        list_for_each_entry_safe(watch, next, &inode->inotify_watches, i_list) {
                struct inotify_handle *ih = watch->ih;
                mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
                inotify_remove_watch_locked(ih, watch);
                mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_inode_is_dead);

/* Kernel Consumer API */

/**
 * inotify_init - allocate and initialize an inotify instance
 * @ops: caller's inotify operations
 */
struct inotify_handle *inotify_init(const struct inotify_operations *ops)
{
        struct inotify_handle *ih;

        ih = kmalloc(sizeof(struct inotify_handle), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (unlikely(!ih))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        idr_init(&ih->idr);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ih->watches);
        mutex_init(&ih->mutex);
        ih->last_wd = 0;
        ih->in_ops = ops;
        atomic_set(&ih->count, 0);
        get_inotify_handle(ih);

        return ih;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_init);

/**
 * inotify_init_watch - initialize an inotify watch
 * @watch: watch to initialize
 */
void inotify_init_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
{
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&watch->h_list);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&watch->i_list);
        atomic_set(&watch->count, 0);
        get_inotify_watch(watch); /* initial get */
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_init_watch);

/*
 * Watch removals suck violently.  To kick the watch out we need (in this
 * order) inode->inotify_mutex and ih->mutex.  That's fine if we have
 * a hold on inode; however, for all other cases we need to make damn sure
 * we don't race with umount.  We can *NOT* just grab a reference to a
 * watch - inotify_unmount_inodes() will happily sail past it and we'll end
 * with reference to inode potentially outliving its superblock.  Ideally
 * we just want to grab an active reference to superblock if we can; that
 * will make sure we won't go into inotify_umount_inodes() until we are
 * done.  Cleanup is just deactivate_super().  However, that leaves a messy
 * case - what if we *are* racing with umount() and active references to
 * superblock can't be acquired anymore?  We can bump ->s_count, grab
 * ->s_umount, which will almost certainly wait until the superblock is shut
 * down and the watch in question is pining for fjords.  That's fine, but
 * there is a problem - we might have hit the window between ->s_active
 * getting to 0 / ->s_count - below S_BIAS (i.e. the moment when superblock
 * is past the point of no return and is heading for shutdown) and the
 * moment when deactivate_super() acquires ->s_umount.  We could just do
 * drop_super() yield() and retry, but that's rather antisocial and this
 * stuff is luser-triggerable.  OTOH, having grabbed ->s_umount and having
 * found that we'd got there first (i.e. that ->s_root is non-NULL) we know
 * that we won't race with inotify_umount_inodes().  So we could grab a
 * reference to watch and do the rest as above, just with drop_super() instead
 * of deactivate_super(), right?  Wrong.  We had to drop ih->mutex before we
 * could grab ->s_umount.  So the watch could've been gone already.
 *
 * That still can be dealt with - we need to save watch->wd, do idr_find()
 * and compare its result with our pointer.  If they match, we either have
 * the damn thing still alive or we'd lost not one but two races at once,
 * the watch had been killed and a new one got created with the same ->wd
 * at the same address.  That couldn't have happened in inotify_destroy(),
 * but inotify_rm_wd() could run into that.  Still, "new one got created"
 * is not a problem - we have every right to kill it or leave it alone,
 * whatever's more convenient.
 *
 * So we can use idr_find(...) == watch && watch->inode->i_sb == sb as
 * "grab it and kill it" check.  If it's been our original watch, we are
 * fine, if it's a newcomer - nevermind, just pretend that we'd won the
 * race and kill the fscker anyway; we are safe since we know that its
 * superblock won't be going away.
 *
 * And yes, this is far beyond mere "not very pretty"; so's the entire
 * concept of inotify to start with.
 */

/**
 * pin_to_kill - pin the watch down for removal
 * @ih: inotify handle
 * @watch: watch to kill
 *
 * Called with ih->mutex held, drops it.  Possible return values:
 * 0 - nothing to do, it has died
 * 1 - remove it, drop the reference and deactivate_super()
 * 2 - remove it, drop the reference and drop_super(); we tried hard to avoid
 * that variant, since it involved a lot of PITA, but that's the best that
 * could've been done.
 */
static int pin_to_kill(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inotify_watch *watch)
{
        struct super_block *sb = watch->inode->i_sb;
        s32 wd = watch->wd;

        spin_lock(&sb_lock);
        if (sb->s_count >= S_BIAS) {
                atomic_inc(&sb->s_active);
                spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
                get_inotify_watch(watch);
                mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
                return 1;       /* the best outcome */
        }
        sb->s_count++;
        spin_unlock(&sb_lock);
        mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex); /* can't grab ->s_umount under it */
        down_read(&sb->s_umount);
        if (likely(!sb->s_root)) {
                /* fs is already shut down; the watch is dead */
                drop_super(sb);
                return 0;
        }
        /* raced with the final deactivate_super() */
        mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
        if (idr_find(&ih->idr, wd) != watch || watch->inode->i_sb != sb) {
                /* the watch is dead */
                mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
                drop_super(sb);
                return 0;
        }
        /* still alive or freed and reused with the same sb and wd; kill */
        get_inotify_watch(watch);
        mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
        return 2;
}

static void unpin_and_kill(struct inotify_watch *watch, int how)
{
        struct super_block *sb = watch->inode->i_sb;
        put_inotify_watch(watch);
        switch (how) {
        case 1:
                deactivate_super(sb);
                break;
        case 2:
                drop_super(sb);
        }
}

/**
 * inotify_destroy - clean up and destroy an inotify instance
 * @ih: inotify handle
 */
void inotify_destroy(struct inotify_handle *ih)
{
        /*
         * Destroy all of the watches for this handle. Unfortunately, not very
         * pretty.  We cannot do a simple iteration over the list, because we
         * do not know the inode until we iterate to the watch.  But we need to
         * hold inode->inotify_mutex before ih->mutex.  The following works.
         *
         * AV: it had to become even uglier to start working ;-/
         */
        while (1) {
                struct inotify_watch *watch;
                struct list_head *watches;
                struct super_block *sb;
                struct inode *inode;
                int how;

                mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
                watches = &ih->watches;
                if (list_empty(watches)) {
                        mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
                        break;
                }
                watch = list_first_entry(watches, struct inotify_watch, h_list);
                sb = watch->inode->i_sb;
                how = pin_to_kill(ih, watch);
                if (!how)
                        continue;

                inode = watch->inode;
                mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
                mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);

                /* make sure we didn't race with another list removal */
                if (likely(idr_find(&ih->idr, watch->wd))) {
                        remove_watch_no_event(watch, ih);
                        put_inotify_watch(watch);
                }

                mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
                mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
                unpin_and_kill(watch, how);
        }

        /* free this handle: the put matching the get in inotify_init() */
        put_inotify_handle(ih);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_destroy);

/**
 * inotify_find_watch - find an existing watch for an (ih,inode) pair
 * @ih: inotify handle
 * @inode: inode to watch
 * @watchp: pointer to existing inotify_watch
 *
 * Caller must pin given inode (via nameidata).
 */
s32 inotify_find_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inode *inode,
                       struct inotify_watch **watchp)
{
        struct inotify_watch *old;
        int ret = -ENOENT;

        mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
        mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);

        old = inode_find_handle(inode, ih);
        if (unlikely(old)) {
                get_inotify_watch(old); /* caller must put watch */
                *watchp = old;
                ret = old->wd;
        }

        mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
        mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_find_watch);

/**
 * inotify_find_update_watch - find and update the mask of an existing watch
 * @ih: inotify handle
 * @inode: inode's watch to update
 * @mask: mask of events to watch
 *
 * Caller must pin given inode (via nameidata).
 */
s32 inotify_find_update_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inode *inode,
                              u32 mask)
{
        struct inotify_watch *old;
        int mask_add = 0;
        int ret;

        if (mask & IN_MASK_ADD)
                mask_add = 1;

        /* don't allow invalid bits: we don't want flags set */
        mask &= IN_ALL_EVENTS | IN_ONESHOT;
        if (unlikely(!mask))
                return -EINVAL;

        mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
        mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);

        /*
         * Handle the case of re-adding a watch on an (inode,ih) pair that we
         * are already watching.  We just update the mask and return its wd.
         */
        old = inode_find_handle(inode, ih);
        if (unlikely(!old)) {
                ret = -ENOENT;
                goto out;
        }

        if (mask_add)
                old->mask |= mask;
        else
                old->mask = mask;
        ret = old->wd;
out:
        mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
        mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_find_update_watch);

/**
 * inotify_add_watch - add a watch to an inotify instance
 * @ih: inotify handle
 * @watch: caller allocated watch structure
 * @inode: inode to watch
 * @mask: mask of events to watch
 *
 * Caller must pin given inode (via nameidata).
 * Caller must ensure it only calls inotify_add_watch() once per watch.
 * Calls inotify_handle_get_wd() so may sleep.
 */
s32 inotify_add_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inotify_watch *watch,
                      struct inode *inode, u32 mask)
{
        int ret = 0;
        int newly_watched;

        /* don't allow invalid bits: we don't want flags set */
        mask &= IN_ALL_EVENTS | IN_ONESHOT;
        if (unlikely(!mask))
                return -EINVAL;
        watch->mask = mask;

        mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
        mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);

        /* Initialize a new watch */
        ret = inotify_handle_get_wd(ih, watch);
        if (unlikely(ret))
                goto out;
        ret = watch->wd;

        /* save a reference to handle and bump the count to make it official */
        get_inotify_handle(ih);
        watch->ih = ih;

        /*
         * Save a reference to the inode and bump the ref count to make it
         * official.  We hold a reference to nameidata, which makes this safe.
         */
        watch->inode = igrab(inode);

        /* Add the watch to the handle's and the inode's list */
        newly_watched = !inotify_inode_watched(inode);
        list_add(&watch->h_list, &ih->watches);
        list_add(&watch->i_list, &inode->inotify_watches);
        /*
         * Set child flags _after_ adding the watch, so there is no race
         * windows where newly instantiated children could miss their parent's
         * watched flag.
         */
        if (newly_watched)
                set_dentry_child_flags(inode, 1);

out:
        mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
        mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_add_watch);

/**
 * inotify_clone_watch - put the watch next to existing one
 * @old: already installed watch
 * @new: new watch
 *
 * Caller must hold the inotify_mutex of inode we are dealing with;
 * it is expected to remove the old watch before unlocking the inode.
 */
s32 inotify_clone_watch(struct inotify_watch *old, struct inotify_watch *new)
{
        struct inotify_handle *ih = old->ih;
        int ret = 0;

        new->mask = old->mask;
        new->ih = ih;

        mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);

        /* Initialize a new watch */
        ret = inotify_handle_get_wd(ih, new);
        if (unlikely(ret))
                goto out;
        ret = new->wd;

        get_inotify_handle(ih);

        new->inode = igrab(old->inode);

        list_add(&new->h_list, &ih->watches);
        list_add(&new->i_list, &old->inode->inotify_watches);
out:
        mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
        return ret;
}

void inotify_evict_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch)
{
        get_inotify_watch(watch);
        mutex_lock(&watch->ih->mutex);
        inotify_remove_watch_locked(watch->ih, watch);
        mutex_unlock(&watch->ih->mutex);
}

/**
 * inotify_rm_wd - remove a watch from an inotify instance
 * @ih: inotify handle
 * @wd: watch descriptor to remove
 *
 * Can sleep.
 */
int inotify_rm_wd(struct inotify_handle *ih, u32 wd)
{
        struct inotify_watch *watch;
        struct super_block *sb;
        struct inode *inode;
        int how;

        mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);
        watch = idr_find(&ih->idr, wd);
        if (unlikely(!watch)) {
                mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        sb = watch->inode->i_sb;
        how = pin_to_kill(ih, watch);
        if (!how)
                return 0;

        inode = watch->inode;

        mutex_lock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
        mutex_lock(&ih->mutex);

        /* make sure that we did not race */
        if (likely(idr_find(&ih->idr, wd) == watch))
                inotify_remove_watch_locked(ih, watch);

        mutex_unlock(&ih->mutex);
        mutex_unlock(&inode->inotify_mutex);
        unpin_and_kill(watch, how);

        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_rm_wd);

/**
 * inotify_rm_watch - remove a watch from an inotify instance
 * @ih: inotify handle
 * @watch: watch to remove
 *
 * Can sleep.
 */
int inotify_rm_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih,
                     struct inotify_watch *watch)
{
        return inotify_rm_wd(ih, watch->wd);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inotify_rm_watch);

/*
 * inotify_setup - core initialization function
 */
static int __init inotify_setup(void)
{
        atomic_set(&inotify_cookie, 0);

        return 0;
}

module_init(inotify_setup);