2 * linux/arch/x86_64/kernel/head.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit
4 * Copyright (C) 2000 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
6 * Copyright (C) 2000 Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
7 * Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
9 * $Id: head.S,v 1.49 2002/03/19 17:39:25 ak Exp $
13 #include <linux/linkage.h>
14 #include <linux/threads.h>
16 #include <asm/segment.h>
19 #include <asm/cache.h>
21 /* we are not able to switch in one step to the final KERNEL ADRESS SPACE
22 * because we need identity-mapped pages on setup so define __START_KERNEL to
23 * 0x100000 for this stage
30 /* %bx: 1 if coming from smp trampoline on secondary cpu */
34 * At this point the CPU runs in 32bit protected mode (CS.D = 1) with
35 * paging disabled and the point of this file is to switch to 64bit
36 * long mode with a kernel mapping for kerneland to jump into the
37 * kernel virtual addresses.
38 * There is no stack until we set one up.
41 /* Initialize the %ds segment register */
42 movl $__KERNEL_DS,%eax
45 /* Load new GDT with the 64bit segments using 32bit descriptor */
46 lgdt pGDT32 - __START_KERNEL_map
48 /* If the CPU doesn't support CPUID this will double fault.
49 * Unfortunately it is hard to check for CPUID without a stack.
52 /* Check if extended functions are implemented */
53 movl $0x80000000, %eax
55 cmpl $0x80000000, %eax
57 /* Check if long mode is implemented */
64 * Prepare for entering 64bits mode
72 /* Setup early boot stage 4 level pagetables */
73 movl $(init_level4_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %eax
76 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
80 /* Enable Long Mode */
83 /* Make changes effective */
87 btsl $31, %eax /* Enable paging and in turn activate Long Mode */
88 btsl $0, %eax /* Enable protected mode */
89 /* Make changes effective */
92 * At this point we're in long mode but in 32bit compatibility mode
93 * with EFER.LME = 1, CS.L = 0, CS.D = 1 (and in turn
94 * EFER.LMA = 1). Now we want to jump in 64bit mode, to do that we use
95 * the new gdt/idt that has __KERNEL_CS with CS.L = 1.
97 ljmp $__KERNEL_CS, $(startup_64 - __START_KERNEL_map)
103 /* We come here either from startup_32
104 * or directly from a 64bit bootloader.
105 * Since we may have come directly from a bootloader we
106 * reload the page tables here.
109 /* Enable PAE mode and PGE */
115 /* Setup early boot stage 4 level pagetables. */
116 movq $(init_level4_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax
119 /* Check if nx is implemented */
120 movl $0x80000001, %eax
124 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
128 /* Enable System Call */
129 btsl $_EFER_SCE, %eax
131 /* No Execute supported? */
136 /* Make changes effective */
140 #define CR0_PM 1 /* protected mode */
141 #define CR0_MP (1<<1)
142 #define CR0_ET (1<<4)
143 #define CR0_NE (1<<5)
144 #define CR0_WP (1<<16)
145 #define CR0_AM (1<<18)
146 #define CR0_PAGING (1<<31)
147 movl $CR0_PM|CR0_MP|CR0_ET|CR0_NE|CR0_WP|CR0_AM|CR0_PAGING,%eax
148 /* Make changes effective */
151 /* Setup a boot time stack */
152 movq init_rsp(%rip),%rsp
154 /* zero EFLAGS after setting rsp */
159 * We must switch to a new descriptor in kernel space for the GDT
160 * because soon the kernel won't have access anymore to the userspace
161 * addresses where we're currently running on. We have to do that here
162 * because in 32bit we couldn't load a 64bit linear address.
167 * Setup up a dummy PDA. this is just for some early bootup code
168 * that does in_interrupt()
170 movl $MSR_GS_BASE,%ecx
171 movq $empty_zero_page,%rax
176 /* set up data segments. actually 0 would do too */
177 movl $__KERNEL_DS,%eax
182 /* esi is pointer to real mode structure with interesting info.
186 /* Finally jump to run C code and to be on real kernel address
187 * Since we are running on identity-mapped space we have to jump
188 * to the full 64bit address , this is only possible as indirect
191 movq initial_code(%rip),%rax
194 /* SMP bootup changes these two */
197 .quad x86_64_start_kernel
200 .quad init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE-8
202 ENTRY(early_idt_handler)
203 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag(%rip)
205 incl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
207 movq 8(%rsp),%rsi # get rip
210 leaq early_idt_msg(%rip),%rdi
212 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag(%rip)
217 early_recursion_flag:
221 .asciz "PANIC: early exception rip %lx error %lx cr2 %lx\n"
225 /* This isn't an x86-64 CPU so hang */
232 .word gdt_end-cpu_gdt_table
233 .long cpu_gdt_table-__START_KERNEL_map
237 .long startup_64-__START_KERNEL_map
244 * This default setting generates an ident mapping at address 0x100000
245 * and a mapping for the kernel that precisely maps virtual address
246 * 0xffffffff80000000 to physical address 0x000000. (always using
247 * 2Mbyte large pages provided by PAE mode)
250 ENTRY(init_level4_pgt)
251 .quad 0x0000000000002007 + __PHYSICAL_START /* -> level3_ident_pgt */
253 .quad 0x000000000000a007 + __PHYSICAL_START
255 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024))/(2^39) = 511 */
256 .quad 0x0000000000003007 + __PHYSICAL_START /* -> level3_kernel_pgt */
259 ENTRY(level3_ident_pgt)
260 .quad 0x0000000000004007 + __PHYSICAL_START
264 ENTRY(level3_kernel_pgt)
266 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024)-((2^39)*511))/(2^30) = 510 */
267 .quad 0x0000000000005007 + __PHYSICAL_START /* -> level2_kernel_pgt */
271 ENTRY(level2_ident_pgt)
272 /* 40MB for bootup. */
273 .quad 0x0000000000000183
274 .quad 0x0000000000200183
275 .quad 0x0000000000400183
276 .quad 0x0000000000600183
277 .quad 0x0000000000800183
278 .quad 0x0000000000A00183
279 .quad 0x0000000000C00183
280 .quad 0x0000000000E00183
281 .quad 0x0000000001000183
282 .quad 0x0000000001200183
283 .quad 0x0000000001400183
284 .quad 0x0000000001600183
285 .quad 0x0000000001800183
286 .quad 0x0000000001A00183
287 .quad 0x0000000001C00183
288 .quad 0x0000000001E00183
289 .quad 0x0000000002000183
290 .quad 0x0000000002200183
291 .quad 0x0000000002400183
292 .quad 0x0000000002600183
293 /* Temporary mappings for the super early allocator in arch/x86_64/mm/init.c */
294 .globl temp_boot_pmds
299 ENTRY(level2_kernel_pgt)
300 /* 40MB kernel mapping. The kernel code cannot be bigger than that.
301 When you change this change KERNEL_TEXT_SIZE in page.h too. */
302 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024)-((2^39)*511)-((2^30)*510)) = 0 */
303 .quad 0x0000000000000183
304 .quad 0x0000000000200183
305 .quad 0x0000000000400183
306 .quad 0x0000000000600183
307 .quad 0x0000000000800183
308 .quad 0x0000000000A00183
309 .quad 0x0000000000C00183
310 .quad 0x0000000000E00183
311 .quad 0x0000000001000183
312 .quad 0x0000000001200183
313 .quad 0x0000000001400183
314 .quad 0x0000000001600183
315 .quad 0x0000000001800183
316 .quad 0x0000000001A00183
317 .quad 0x0000000001C00183
318 .quad 0x0000000001E00183
319 .quad 0x0000000002000183
320 .quad 0x0000000002200183
321 .quad 0x0000000002400183
322 .quad 0x0000000002600183
323 /* Module mapping starts here */
327 ENTRY(empty_zero_page)
330 ENTRY(empty_bad_page)
333 ENTRY(empty_bad_pte_table)
336 ENTRY(empty_bad_pmd_table)
339 ENTRY(level3_physmem_pgt)
340 .quad 0x0000000000005007 + __PHYSICAL_START /* -> level2_kernel_pgt (so that __va works even before pagetable_init) */
343 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP
344 ENTRY(wakeup_level4_pgt)
345 .quad 0x0000000000002007 + __PHYSICAL_START /* -> level3_ident_pgt */
347 .quad 0x000000000000a007 + __PHYSICAL_START
349 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024))/(2^39) = 511 */
350 .quad 0x0000000000003007 + __PHYSICAL_START /* -> level3_kernel_pgt */
358 .word gdt_end-cpu_gdt_table
368 /* We need valid kernel segments for data and code in long mode too
369 * IRET will check the segment types kkeil 2000/10/28
370 * Also sysret mandates a special GDT layout
373 .align L1_CACHE_BYTES
375 /* The TLS descriptors are currently at a different place compared to i386.
376 Hopefully nobody expects them at a fixed place (Wine?) */
379 .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* NULL descriptor */
380 .quad 0x008f9a000000ffff /* __KERNEL_COMPAT32_CS */
381 .quad 0x00af9a000000ffff /* __KERNEL_CS */
382 .quad 0x00cf92000000ffff /* __KERNEL_DS */
383 .quad 0x00cffa000000ffff /* __USER32_CS */
384 .quad 0x00cff2000000ffff /* __USER_DS, __USER32_DS */
385 .quad 0x00affa000000ffff /* __USER_CS */
386 .quad 0x00cf9a000000ffff /* __KERNEL32_CS */
389 .quad 0,0,0 /* three TLS descriptors */
390 .quad 0x00009a000000ffff /* __KERNEL16_CS - 16bit PM for S3 wakeup. */
391 /* base must be patched for real base address. */
393 /* asm/segment.h:GDT_ENTRIES must match this */
394 /* This should be a multiple of the cache line size */
395 /* GDTs of other CPUs: */
396 .fill (GDT_SIZE * NR_CPUS) - (gdt_end - cpu_gdt_table)
398 .align L1_CACHE_BYTES