4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
7 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
8 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
9 * Simplified starting of init: Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
12 #define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
14 #include <linux/config.h>
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
18 #include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h>
19 #include <linux/kernel.h>
20 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
21 #include <linux/string.h>
22 #include <linux/ctype.h>
23 #include <linux/delay.h>
24 #include <linux/utsname.h>
25 #include <linux/ioport.h>
26 #include <linux/init.h>
27 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
28 #include <linux/initrd.h>
29 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
30 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
31 #include <linux/tty.h>
32 #include <linux/gfp.h>
33 #include <linux/percpu.h>
34 #include <linux/kmod.h>
35 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
36 #include <linux/security.h>
37 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
38 #include <linux/profile.h>
39 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
40 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
41 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
42 #include <linux/writeback.h>
43 #include <linux/cpu.h>
44 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
45 #include <linux/efi.h>
46 #include <linux/unistd.h>
47 #include <linux/rmap.h>
48 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
49 #include <linux/key.h>
54 #include <asm/setup.h>
55 #include <asm/sections.h>
58 * This is one of the first .c files built. Error out early
59 * if we have compiler trouble..
61 #if __GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 96
62 #ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
63 #error This compiler cannot compile correctly with frame pointers enabled
67 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
72 * Versions of gcc older than that listed below may actually compile
73 * and link okay, but the end product can have subtle run time bugs.
74 * To avoid associated bogus bug reports, we flatly refuse to compile
75 * with a gcc that is known to be too old from the very beginning.
77 #if __GNUC__ < 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 95)
78 #error Sorry, your GCC is too old. It builds incorrect kernels.
81 static int init(void *);
83 extern void init_IRQ(void);
84 extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
85 extern void mca_init(void);
86 extern void sbus_init(void);
87 extern void sysctl_init(void);
88 extern void signals_init(void);
89 extern void buffer_init(void);
90 extern void pidhash_init(void);
91 extern void pidmap_init(void);
92 extern void prio_tree_init(void);
93 extern void radix_tree_init(void);
94 extern void free_initmem(void);
95 extern void populate_rootfs(void);
96 extern void driver_init(void);
97 extern void prepare_namespace(void);
99 extern void acpi_early_init(void);
101 static inline void acpi_early_init(void) { }
105 extern void tc_init(void);
108 enum system_states system_state;
109 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
112 * Boot command-line arguments
114 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
115 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
117 extern void time_init(void);
118 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
119 void (*late_time_init)(void);
120 extern void softirq_init(void);
122 /* Untouched command line (eg. for /proc) saved by arch-specific code. */
123 char saved_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
125 static char *execute_command;
126 static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
128 /* Setup configured maximum number of CPUs to activate */
129 static unsigned int max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
132 * Setup routine for controlling SMP activation
134 * Command-line option of "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0" will disable SMP
135 * activation entirely (the MPS table probe still happens, though).
137 * Command-line option of "maxcpus=<NUM>", where <NUM> is an integer
138 * greater than 0, limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in
141 static int __init nosmp(char *str)
147 __setup("nosmp", nosmp);
149 static int __init maxcpus(char *str)
151 get_option(&str, &max_cpus);
155 __setup("maxcpus=", maxcpus);
157 static char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
158 char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
159 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
161 extern struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
163 static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
165 struct obs_kernel_param *p;
169 int n = strlen(p->str);
170 if (!strncmp(line, p->str, n)) {
172 /* Already done in parse_early_param? (Needs
173 * exact match on param part) */
174 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
176 } else if (!p->setup_func) {
177 printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
178 " ignored\n", p->str);
180 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
184 } while (p < __setup_end);
189 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
190 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
192 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
194 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
196 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
200 console_loglevel = 10;
204 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
208 console_loglevel = 4;
212 __setup("debug", debug_kernel);
213 __setup("quiet", quiet_kernel);
215 static int __init loglevel(char *str)
217 get_option(&str, &console_loglevel);
221 __setup("loglevel=", loglevel);
224 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
227 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val)
229 /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
231 /* param=val or param="val"? */
232 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
234 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
236 memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
242 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
243 if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
247 * Preemptive maintenance for "why didn't my mispelled command
250 if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val)) {
251 printk(KERN_ERR "Unknown boot option `%s': ignoring\n", param);
259 /* Environment option */
261 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
262 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
263 panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
266 if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
269 envp_init[i] = param;
271 /* Command line option */
273 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
274 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
275 panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
279 argv_init[i] = param;
284 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
288 execute_command = str;
290 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
291 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
292 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
293 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
295 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
299 __setup("init=", init_setup);
301 static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
305 ramdisk_execute_command = str;
306 /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
307 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
311 __setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
313 extern void setup_arch(char **);
317 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
318 static void __init smp_init(void)
320 APIC_init_uniprocessor();
323 #define smp_init() do { } while (0)
326 static inline void setup_per_cpu_areas(void) { }
327 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
331 #ifdef __GENERIC_PER_CPU
332 unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS];
334 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
336 static void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
338 unsigned long size, i;
341 /* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
342 size = ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
343 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
344 if (size < PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM)
345 size = PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM;
348 ptr = alloc_bootmem(size * NR_CPUS);
350 for (i = 0; i < NR_CPUS; i++, ptr += size) {
351 __per_cpu_offset[i] = ptr - __per_cpu_start;
352 memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_start, __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start);
355 #endif /* !__GENERIC_PER_CPU */
357 /* Called by boot processor to activate the rest. */
358 static void __init smp_init(void)
362 /* FIXME: This should be done in userspace --RR */
363 for_each_present_cpu(i) {
364 if (num_online_cpus() >= max_cpus)
370 /* Any cleanup work */
371 printk(KERN_INFO "Brought up %ld CPUs\n", (long)num_online_cpus());
372 smp_cpus_done(max_cpus);
374 /* Get other processors into their bootup holding patterns. */
383 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
384 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
385 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
388 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
391 static void noinline rest_init(void)
392 __releases(kernel_lock)
394 kernel_thread(init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
395 numa_default_policy();
399 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
400 * at least one to get things moving:
402 preempt_enable_no_resched();
406 /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
410 /* Check for early params. */
411 static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val)
413 struct obs_kernel_param *p;
415 for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
416 if (p->early && strcmp(param, p->str) == 0) {
417 if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
419 "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
422 /* We accept everything at this stage. */
426 /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
427 void __init parse_early_param(void)
429 static __initdata int done = 0;
430 static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
435 /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
436 strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, saved_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
437 parse_args("early options", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, do_early_param);
442 * Activate the first processor.
445 asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
448 extern struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
450 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
456 printk(linux_banner);
457 setup_arch(&command_line);
458 setup_per_cpu_areas();
461 * Mark the boot cpu "online" so that it can call console drivers in
462 * printk() and can access its per-cpu storage.
464 smp_prepare_boot_cpu();
467 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
468 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
469 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
473 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
474 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
477 build_all_zonelists();
479 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line);
481 parse_args("Booting kernel", command_line, __start___param,
482 __stop___param - __start___param,
483 &unknown_bootoption);
494 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
495 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
496 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
500 panic(panic_later, panic_param);
503 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
504 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
505 initrd_start < min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) {
506 printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
507 "disabling it.\n",initrd_start,min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
511 vfs_caches_init_early();
514 setup_per_cpu_pageset();
520 pgtable_cache_init();
525 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
527 fork_init(num_physpages);
533 vfs_caches_init(num_physpages);
536 /* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
537 page_writeback_init();
538 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
545 acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
547 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
551 static int __initdata initcall_debug;
553 static int __init initcall_debug_setup(char *str)
558 __setup("initcall_debug", initcall_debug_setup);
560 struct task_struct *child_reaper = &init_task;
562 extern initcall_t __initcall_start[], __initcall_end[];
564 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
567 int count = preempt_count();
569 for (call = __initcall_start; call < __initcall_end; call++) {
572 if (initcall_debug) {
573 printk(KERN_DEBUG "Calling initcall 0x%p", *call);
574 print_fn_descriptor_symbol(": %s()", (unsigned long) *call);
581 if (preempt_count() != count) {
582 msg = "preemption imbalance";
583 preempt_count() = count;
585 if (irqs_disabled()) {
586 msg = "disabled interrupts";
590 printk(KERN_WARNING "error in initcall at 0x%p: "
591 "returned with %s\n", *call, msg);
595 /* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */
596 flush_scheduled_work();
600 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
601 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
602 * running, and memory and process management works.
604 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
606 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
608 /* drivers will send hotplug events */
610 usermodehelper_init();
617 /* Networking initialization needs a process context */
623 static void do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
625 extern int spawn_ksoftirqd(void);
627 extern int migration_init(void);
632 spawn_softlockup_task();
635 static void run_init_process(char *init_filename)
637 argv_init[0] = init_filename;
638 execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
641 static inline void fixup_cpu_present_map(void)
647 * If arch is not hotplug ready and did not populate
648 * cpu_present_map, just make cpu_present_map same as cpu_possible_map
649 * for other cpu bringup code to function as normal. e.g smp_init() etc.
651 if (cpus_empty(cpu_present_map)) {
653 cpu_set(i, cpu_present_map);
659 static int init(void * unused)
663 * init can run on any cpu.
665 set_cpus_allowed(current, CPU_MASK_ALL);
667 * Tell the world that we're going to be the grim
668 * reaper of innocent orphaned children.
670 * We don't want people to have to make incorrect
671 * assumptions about where in the task array this
674 child_reaper = current;
676 /* Sets up cpus_possible() */
677 smp_prepare_cpus(max_cpus);
679 do_pre_smp_initcalls();
681 fixup_cpu_present_map();
688 * Do this before initcalls, because some drivers want to access
696 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all
700 if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
701 ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
703 if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
704 ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
709 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
710 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
711 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
715 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
716 numa_default_policy();
718 if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
719 printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
724 if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
725 run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
726 printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
727 ramdisk_execute_command);
731 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
733 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
734 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
736 if (execute_command) {
737 run_init_process(execute_command);
738 printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s. Attempting "
739 "defaults...\n", execute_command);
741 run_init_process("/sbin/init");
742 run_init_process("/etc/init");
743 run_init_process("/bin/init");
744 run_init_process("/bin/sh");
746 panic("No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.");