2 Hardware driver for the Intel/AMD/VIA Random Number Generators (RNG)
3 (c) Copyright 2003 Red Hat Inc <jgarzik@redhat.com>
7 Hardware driver for the AMD 768 Random Number Generator (RNG)
8 (c) Copyright 2001 Red Hat Inc <alan@redhat.com>
12 Hardware driver for Intel i810 Random Number Generator (RNG)
13 Copyright 2000,2001 Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
14 Copyright 2000,2001 Philipp Rumpf <prumpf@mandrakesoft.com>
16 Please read Documentation/hw_random.txt for details on use.
18 ----------------------------------------------------------
19 This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
20 of the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
25 #include <linux/module.h>
26 #include <linux/kernel.h>
28 #include <linux/init.h>
29 #include <linux/pci.h>
30 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
31 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
32 #include <linux/random.h>
33 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
34 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
36 #include <linux/delay.h>
40 #include <asm/cpufeature.h>
44 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
48 * core module and version information
50 #define RNG_VERSION "1.0.0"
51 #define RNG_MODULE_NAME "hw_random"
52 #define RNG_DRIVER_NAME RNG_MODULE_NAME " hardware driver " RNG_VERSION
53 #define PFX RNG_MODULE_NAME ": "
60 /* pr_debug() collapses to a no-op if DEBUG is not defined */
61 #define DPRINTK(fmt, args...) pr_debug(PFX "%s: " fmt, __FUNCTION__ , ## args)
64 #undef RNG_NDEBUG /* define to enable lightweight runtime checks */
66 #define assert(expr) \
68 printk(KERN_DEBUG PFX "Assertion failed! %s,%s,%s," \
69 "line=%d\n", #expr, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); \
75 #define RNG_MISCDEV_MINOR 183 /* official */
77 static int rng_dev_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp);
78 static ssize_t rng_dev_read (struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size,
81 static int __init intel_init (struct pci_dev *dev);
82 static void intel_cleanup(void);
83 static unsigned int intel_data_present (void);
84 static u32 intel_data_read (void);
86 static int __init amd_init (struct pci_dev *dev);
87 static void amd_cleanup(void);
88 static unsigned int amd_data_present (void);
89 static u32 amd_data_read (void);
92 static int __init via_init(struct pci_dev *dev);
93 static void via_cleanup(void);
94 static unsigned int via_data_present (void);
95 static u32 via_data_read (void);
98 struct rng_operations {
99 int (*init) (struct pci_dev *dev);
100 void (*cleanup) (void);
101 unsigned int (*data_present) (void);
102 u32 (*data_read) (void);
103 unsigned int n_bytes; /* number of bytes per ->data_read */
105 static struct rng_operations *rng_ops;
107 static struct file_operations rng_chrdev_ops = {
108 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
109 .open = rng_dev_open,
110 .read = rng_dev_read,
114 static struct miscdevice rng_miscdev = {
127 static struct rng_operations rng_vendor_ops[] = {
132 { intel_init, intel_cleanup, intel_data_present,
133 intel_data_read, 1 },
136 { amd_init, amd_cleanup, amd_data_present, amd_data_read, 4 },
140 { via_init, via_cleanup, via_data_present, via_data_read, 1 },
145 * Data for PCI driver interface
147 * This data only exists for exporting the supported
148 * PCI ids via MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE. We do not actually
149 * register a pci_driver, because someone else might one day
150 * want to register another driver on the same PCI id.
152 static struct pci_device_id rng_pci_tbl[] = {
153 { 0x1022, 0x7443, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, rng_hw_amd },
154 { 0x1022, 0x746b, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, rng_hw_amd },
156 { 0x8086, 0x2418, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, rng_hw_intel },
157 { 0x8086, 0x2428, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, rng_hw_intel },
158 { 0x8086, 0x2448, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, rng_hw_intel },
159 { 0x8086, 0x244e, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, rng_hw_intel },
160 { 0x8086, 0x245e, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, rng_hw_intel },
162 { 0, }, /* terminate list */
164 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (pci, rng_pci_tbl);
167 /***********************************************************************
169 * Intel RNG operations
174 * RNG registers (offsets from rng_mem)
176 #define INTEL_RNG_HW_STATUS 0
177 #define INTEL_RNG_PRESENT 0x40
178 #define INTEL_RNG_ENABLED 0x01
179 #define INTEL_RNG_STATUS 1
180 #define INTEL_RNG_DATA_PRESENT 0x01
181 #define INTEL_RNG_DATA 2
184 * Magic address at which Intel PCI bridges locate the RNG
186 #define INTEL_RNG_ADDR 0xFFBC015F
187 #define INTEL_RNG_ADDR_LEN 3
189 /* token to our ioremap'd RNG register area */
190 static void __iomem *rng_mem;
192 static inline u8 intel_hwstatus (void)
194 assert (rng_mem != NULL);
195 return readb (rng_mem + INTEL_RNG_HW_STATUS);
198 static inline u8 intel_hwstatus_set (u8 hw_status)
200 assert (rng_mem != NULL);
201 writeb (hw_status, rng_mem + INTEL_RNG_HW_STATUS);
202 return intel_hwstatus ();
205 static unsigned int intel_data_present(void)
207 assert (rng_mem != NULL);
209 return (readb (rng_mem + INTEL_RNG_STATUS) & INTEL_RNG_DATA_PRESENT) ?
213 static u32 intel_data_read(void)
215 assert (rng_mem != NULL);
217 return readb (rng_mem + INTEL_RNG_DATA);
220 static int __init intel_init (struct pci_dev *dev)
227 rng_mem = ioremap (INTEL_RNG_ADDR, INTEL_RNG_ADDR_LEN);
228 if (rng_mem == NULL) {
229 printk (KERN_ERR PFX "cannot ioremap RNG Memory\n");
234 /* Check for Intel 82802 */
235 hw_status = intel_hwstatus ();
236 if ((hw_status & INTEL_RNG_PRESENT) == 0) {
237 printk (KERN_ERR PFX "RNG not detected\n");
239 goto err_out_free_map;
242 /* turn RNG h/w on, if it's off */
243 if ((hw_status & INTEL_RNG_ENABLED) == 0)
244 hw_status = intel_hwstatus_set (hw_status | INTEL_RNG_ENABLED);
245 if ((hw_status & INTEL_RNG_ENABLED) == 0) {
246 printk (KERN_ERR PFX "cannot enable RNG, aborting\n");
248 goto err_out_free_map;
251 DPRINTK ("EXIT, returning 0\n");
258 DPRINTK ("EXIT, returning %d\n", rc);
262 static void intel_cleanup(void)
266 hw_status = intel_hwstatus ();
267 if (hw_status & INTEL_RNG_ENABLED)
268 intel_hwstatus_set (hw_status & ~INTEL_RNG_ENABLED);
270 printk(KERN_WARNING PFX "unusual: RNG already disabled\n");
275 /***********************************************************************
281 static u32 pmbase; /* PMxx I/O base */
282 static struct pci_dev *amd_dev;
284 static unsigned int amd_data_present (void)
286 return inl(pmbase + 0xF4) & 1;
290 static u32 amd_data_read (void)
292 return inl(pmbase + 0xF0);
295 static int __init amd_init (struct pci_dev *dev)
302 pci_read_config_dword(dev, 0x58, &pmbase);
304 pmbase &= 0x0000FF00;
308 printk (KERN_ERR PFX "power management base not set\n");
313 pci_read_config_byte(dev, 0x40, &rnen);
314 rnen |= (1 << 7); /* RNG on */
315 pci_write_config_byte(dev, 0x40, rnen);
317 pci_read_config_byte(dev, 0x41, &rnen);
318 rnen |= (1 << 7); /* PMIO enable */
319 pci_write_config_byte(dev, 0x41, rnen);
321 pr_info( PFX "AMD768 system management I/O registers at 0x%X.\n",
326 DPRINTK ("EXIT, returning 0\n");
330 DPRINTK ("EXIT, returning %d\n", rc);
334 static void amd_cleanup(void)
338 pci_read_config_byte(amd_dev, 0x40, &rnen);
339 rnen &= ~(1 << 7); /* RNG off */
340 pci_write_config_byte(amd_dev, 0x40, rnen);
342 /* FIXME: twiddle pmio, also? */
346 /***********************************************************************
353 VIA_STRFILT_CNT_SHIFT = 16,
354 VIA_STRFILT_FAIL = (1 << 15),
355 VIA_STRFILT_ENABLE = (1 << 14),
356 VIA_RAWBITS_ENABLE = (1 << 13),
357 VIA_RNG_ENABLE = (1 << 6),
358 VIA_XSTORE_CNT_MASK = 0x0F,
360 VIA_RNG_CHUNK_8 = 0x00, /* 64 rand bits, 64 stored bits */
361 VIA_RNG_CHUNK_4 = 0x01, /* 32 rand bits, 32 stored bits */
362 VIA_RNG_CHUNK_4_MASK = 0xFFFFFFFF,
363 VIA_RNG_CHUNK_2 = 0x02, /* 16 rand bits, 32 stored bits */
364 VIA_RNG_CHUNK_2_MASK = 0xFFFF,
365 VIA_RNG_CHUNK_1 = 0x03, /* 8 rand bits, 32 stored bits */
366 VIA_RNG_CHUNK_1_MASK = 0xFF,
369 static u32 via_rng_datum;
372 * Investigate using the 'rep' prefix to obtain 32 bits of random data
373 * in one insn. The upside is potentially better performance. The
374 * downside is that the instruction becomes no longer atomic. Due to
375 * this, just like familiar issues with /dev/random itself, the worst
376 * case of a 'rep xstore' could potentially pause a cpu for an
377 * unreasonably long time. In practice, this condition would likely
378 * only occur when the hardware is failing. (or so we hope :))
380 * Another possible performance boost may come from simply buffering
381 * until we have 4 bytes, thus returning a u32 at a time,
382 * instead of the current u8-at-a-time.
385 static inline u32 xstore(u32 *addr, u32 edx_in)
389 asm(".byte 0x0F,0xA7,0xC0 /* xstore %%edi (addr=%0) */"
390 :"=m"(*addr), "=a"(eax_out)
391 :"D"(addr), "d"(edx_in));
396 static unsigned int via_data_present(void)
400 /* We choose the recommended 1-byte-per-instruction RNG rate,
401 * for greater randomness at the expense of speed. Larger
402 * values 2, 4, or 8 bytes-per-instruction yield greater
403 * speed at lesser randomness.
405 * If you change this to another VIA_CHUNK_n, you must also
406 * change the ->n_bytes values in rng_vendor_ops[] tables.
407 * VIA_CHUNK_8 requires further code changes.
409 * A copy of MSR_VIA_RNG is placed in eax_out when xstore
412 via_rng_datum = 0; /* paranoia, not really necessary */
413 bytes_out = xstore(&via_rng_datum, VIA_RNG_CHUNK_1) & VIA_XSTORE_CNT_MASK;
420 static u32 via_data_read(void)
422 return via_rng_datum;
425 static int __init via_init(struct pci_dev *dev)
429 /* Control the RNG via MSR. Tread lightly and pay very close
430 * close attention to values written, as the reserved fields
431 * are documented to be "undefined and unpredictable"; but it
432 * does not say to write them as zero, so I make a guess that
433 * we restore the values we find in the register.
435 rdmsr(MSR_VIA_RNG, lo, hi);
438 lo &= ~(0x7f << VIA_STRFILT_CNT_SHIFT);
439 lo &= ~VIA_XSTORE_CNT_MASK;
440 lo &= ~(VIA_STRFILT_ENABLE | VIA_STRFILT_FAIL | VIA_RAWBITS_ENABLE);
441 lo |= VIA_RNG_ENABLE;
444 wrmsr(MSR_VIA_RNG, lo, hi);
446 /* perhaps-unnecessary sanity check; remove after testing if
448 rdmsr(MSR_VIA_RNG, lo, hi);
449 if ((lo & VIA_RNG_ENABLE) == 0) {
450 printk(KERN_ERR PFX "cannot enable VIA C3 RNG, aborting\n");
457 static void via_cleanup(void)
464 /***********************************************************************
466 * /dev/hwrandom character device handling (major 10, minor 183)
470 static int rng_dev_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
472 /* enforce read-only access to this chrdev */
473 if ((filp->f_mode & FMODE_READ) == 0)
475 if (filp->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)
482 static ssize_t rng_dev_read (struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size,
485 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rng_lock);
486 unsigned int have_data;
491 spin_lock(&rng_lock);
494 if (rng_ops->data_present()) {
495 data = rng_ops->data_read();
496 have_data = rng_ops->n_bytes;
499 spin_unlock (&rng_lock);
501 while (have_data && size) {
502 if (put_user((u8)data, buf++)) {
503 ret = ret ? : -EFAULT;
512 if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
513 return ret ? : -EAGAIN;
517 current->state = TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE;
521 udelay(200); /* FIXME: We could poll for 250uS ?? */
523 if (signal_pending (current))
524 return ret ? : -ERESTARTSYS;
532 * rng_init_one - look for and attempt to init a single RNG
534 static int __init rng_init_one (struct pci_dev *dev)
540 assert(rng_ops != NULL);
542 rc = rng_ops->init(dev);
546 rc = misc_register (&rng_miscdev);
548 printk (KERN_ERR PFX "misc device register failed\n");
549 goto err_out_cleanup_hw;
552 DPRINTK ("EXIT, returning 0\n");
558 DPRINTK ("EXIT, returning %d\n", rc);
564 MODULE_AUTHOR("The Linux Kernel team");
565 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("H/W Random Number Generator (RNG) driver");
566 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
570 * rng_init - initialize RNG module
572 static int __init rng_init (void)
575 struct pci_dev *pdev = NULL;
576 const struct pci_device_id *ent;
580 /* Probe for Intel, AMD RNGs */
581 for_each_pci_dev(pdev) {
582 ent = pci_match_id(rng_pci_tbl, pdev);
584 rng_ops = &rng_vendor_ops[ent->driver_data];
590 /* Probe for VIA RNG */
591 if (cpu_has_xstore) {
592 rng_ops = &rng_vendor_ops[rng_hw_via];
598 DPRINTK ("EXIT, returning -ENODEV\n");
602 rc = rng_init_one (pdev);
606 pr_info( RNG_DRIVER_NAME " loaded\n");
608 DPRINTK ("EXIT, returning 0\n");
614 * rng_init - shutdown RNG module
616 static void __exit rng_cleanup (void)
620 misc_deregister (&rng_miscdev);
622 if (rng_ops->cleanup)
629 module_init (rng_init);
630 module_exit (rng_cleanup);