Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc

[linux-2.6] / fs / xfs / xfs_log.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 * All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc.,  51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 */
#include "xfs.h"
#include "xfs_fs.h"
#include "xfs_types.h"
#include "xfs_bit.h"
#include "xfs_log.h"
#include "xfs_inum.h"
#include "xfs_trans.h"
#include "xfs_sb.h"
#include "xfs_ag.h"
#include "xfs_dir2.h"
#include "xfs_dmapi.h"
#include "xfs_mount.h"
#include "xfs_error.h"
#include "xfs_log_priv.h"
#include "xfs_buf_item.h"
#include "xfs_bmap_btree.h"
#include "xfs_alloc_btree.h"
#include "xfs_ialloc_btree.h"
#include "xfs_log_recover.h"
#include "xfs_trans_priv.h"
#include "xfs_dir2_sf.h"
#include "xfs_attr_sf.h"
#include "xfs_dinode.h"
#include "xfs_inode.h"
#include "xfs_rw.h"


#define xlog_write_adv_cnt(ptr, len, off, bytes) \
        { (ptr) += (bytes); \
          (len) -= (bytes); \
          (off) += (bytes);}

/* Local miscellaneous function prototypes */
STATIC int       xlog_bdstrat_cb(struct xfs_buf *);
STATIC int       xlog_commit_record(xfs_mount_t *mp, xlog_ticket_t *ticket,
                                    xlog_in_core_t **, xfs_lsn_t *);
STATIC xlog_t *  xlog_alloc_log(xfs_mount_t     *mp,
                                xfs_buftarg_t   *log_target,
                                xfs_daddr_t     blk_offset,
                                int             num_bblks);
STATIC int       xlog_space_left(xlog_t *log, int cycle, int bytes);
STATIC int       xlog_sync(xlog_t *log, xlog_in_core_t *iclog);
STATIC void      xlog_dealloc_log(xlog_t *log);
STATIC int       xlog_write(xfs_mount_t *mp, xfs_log_iovec_t region[],
                            int nentries, xfs_log_ticket_t tic,
                            xfs_lsn_t *start_lsn,
                            xlog_in_core_t **commit_iclog,
                            uint flags);

/* local state machine functions */
STATIC void xlog_state_done_syncing(xlog_in_core_t *iclog, int);
STATIC void xlog_state_do_callback(xlog_t *log,int aborted, xlog_in_core_t *iclog);
STATIC int  xlog_state_get_iclog_space(xlog_t           *log,
                                       int              len,
                                       xlog_in_core_t   **iclog,
                                       xlog_ticket_t    *ticket,
                                       int              *continued_write,
                                       int              *logoffsetp);
STATIC void xlog_state_put_ticket(xlog_t        *log,
                                  xlog_ticket_t *tic);
STATIC int  xlog_state_release_iclog(xlog_t             *log,
                                     xlog_in_core_t     *iclog);
STATIC void xlog_state_switch_iclogs(xlog_t             *log,
                                     xlog_in_core_t *iclog,
                                     int                eventual_size);
STATIC int  xlog_state_sync(xlog_t                      *log,
                            xfs_lsn_t                   lsn,
                            uint                        flags,
                            int                         *log_flushed);
STATIC int  xlog_state_sync_all(xlog_t *log, uint flags, int *log_flushed);
STATIC void xlog_state_want_sync(xlog_t *log, xlog_in_core_t *iclog);

/* local functions to manipulate grant head */
STATIC int  xlog_grant_log_space(xlog_t         *log,
                                 xlog_ticket_t  *xtic);
STATIC void xlog_grant_push_ail(xfs_mount_t     *mp,
                                int             need_bytes);
STATIC void xlog_regrant_reserve_log_space(xlog_t        *log,
                                           xlog_ticket_t *ticket);
STATIC int xlog_regrant_write_log_space(xlog_t          *log,
                                         xlog_ticket_t  *ticket);
STATIC void xlog_ungrant_log_space(xlog_t        *log,
                                   xlog_ticket_t *ticket);


/* local ticket functions */
STATIC void             xlog_state_ticket_alloc(xlog_t *log);
STATIC xlog_ticket_t    *xlog_ticket_get(xlog_t *log,
                                         int    unit_bytes,
                                         int    count,
                                         char   clientid,
                                         uint   flags);
STATIC void             xlog_ticket_put(xlog_t *log, xlog_ticket_t *ticket);

#if defined(DEBUG)
STATIC void     xlog_verify_dest_ptr(xlog_t *log, __psint_t ptr);
STATIC void     xlog_verify_grant_head(xlog_t *log, int equals);
STATIC void     xlog_verify_iclog(xlog_t *log, xlog_in_core_t *iclog,
                                  int count, boolean_t syncing);
STATIC void     xlog_verify_tail_lsn(xlog_t *log, xlog_in_core_t *iclog,
                                     xfs_lsn_t tail_lsn);
#else
#define xlog_verify_dest_ptr(a,b)
#define xlog_verify_grant_head(a,b)
#define xlog_verify_iclog(a,b,c,d)
#define xlog_verify_tail_lsn(a,b,c)
#endif

STATIC int      xlog_iclogs_empty(xlog_t *log);

#if defined(XFS_LOG_TRACE)
void
xlog_trace_loggrant(xlog_t *log, xlog_ticket_t *tic, xfs_caddr_t string)
{
        unsigned long cnts;

        if (!log->l_grant_trace) {
                log->l_grant_trace = ktrace_alloc(2048, KM_NOSLEEP);
                if (!log->l_grant_trace)
                        return;
        }
        /* ticket counts are 1 byte each */
        cnts = ((unsigned long)tic->t_ocnt) | ((unsigned long)tic->t_cnt) << 8;

        ktrace_enter(log->l_grant_trace,
                     (void *)tic,
                     (void *)log->l_reserve_headq,
                     (void *)log->l_write_headq,
                     (void *)((unsigned long)log->l_grant_reserve_cycle),
                     (void *)((unsigned long)log->l_grant_reserve_bytes),
                     (void *)((unsigned long)log->l_grant_write_cycle),
                     (void *)((unsigned long)log->l_grant_write_bytes),
                     (void *)((unsigned long)log->l_curr_cycle),
                     (void *)((unsigned long)log->l_curr_block),
                     (void *)((unsigned long)CYCLE_LSN(log->l_tail_lsn)),
                     (void *)((unsigned long)BLOCK_LSN(log->l_tail_lsn)),
                     (void *)string,
                     (void *)((unsigned long)tic->t_trans_type),
                     (void *)cnts,
                     (void *)((unsigned long)tic->t_curr_res),
                     (void *)((unsigned long)tic->t_unit_res));
}

void
xlog_trace_iclog(xlog_in_core_t *iclog, uint state)
{
        if (!iclog->ic_trace)
                iclog->ic_trace = ktrace_alloc(256, KM_SLEEP);
        ktrace_enter(iclog->ic_trace,
                     (void *)((unsigned long)state),
                     (void *)((unsigned long)current_pid()),
                     (void *)NULL, (void *)NULL, (void *)NULL, (void *)NULL,
                     (void *)NULL, (void *)NULL, (void *)NULL, (void *)NULL,
                     (void *)NULL, (void *)NULL, (void *)NULL, (void *)NULL,
                     (void *)NULL, (void *)NULL);
}
#else
#define xlog_trace_loggrant(log,tic,string)
#define xlog_trace_iclog(iclog,state)
#endif /* XFS_LOG_TRACE */


static void
xlog_ins_ticketq(struct xlog_ticket **qp, struct xlog_ticket *tic)
{
        if (*qp) {
                tic->t_next         = (*qp);
                tic->t_prev         = (*qp)->t_prev;
                (*qp)->t_prev->t_next = tic;
                (*qp)->t_prev       = tic;
        } else {
                tic->t_prev = tic->t_next = tic;
                *qp = tic;
        }

        tic->t_flags |= XLOG_TIC_IN_Q;
}

static void
xlog_del_ticketq(struct xlog_ticket **qp, struct xlog_ticket *tic)
{
        if (tic == tic->t_next) {
                *qp = NULL;
        } else {
                *qp = tic->t_next;
                tic->t_next->t_prev = tic->t_prev;
                tic->t_prev->t_next = tic->t_next;
        }

        tic->t_next = tic->t_prev = NULL;
        tic->t_flags &= ~XLOG_TIC_IN_Q;
}

static void
xlog_grant_sub_space(struct log *log, int bytes)
{
        log->l_grant_write_bytes -= bytes;
        if (log->l_grant_write_bytes < 0) {
                log->l_grant_write_bytes += log->l_logsize;
                log->l_grant_write_cycle--;
        }

        log->l_grant_reserve_bytes -= bytes;
        if ((log)->l_grant_reserve_bytes < 0) {
                log->l_grant_reserve_bytes += log->l_logsize;
                log->l_grant_reserve_cycle--;
        }

}

static void
xlog_grant_add_space_write(struct log *log, int bytes)
{
        log->l_grant_write_bytes += bytes;
        if (log->l_grant_write_bytes > log->l_logsize) {
                log->l_grant_write_bytes -= log->l_logsize;
                log->l_grant_write_cycle++;
        }
}

static void
xlog_grant_add_space_reserve(struct log *log, int bytes)
{
        log->l_grant_reserve_bytes += bytes;
        if (log->l_grant_reserve_bytes > log->l_logsize) {
                log->l_grant_reserve_bytes -= log->l_logsize;
                log->l_grant_reserve_cycle++;
        }
}

static inline void
xlog_grant_add_space(struct log *log, int bytes)
{
        xlog_grant_add_space_write(log, bytes);
        xlog_grant_add_space_reserve(log, bytes);
}


/*
 * NOTES:
 *
 *      1. currblock field gets updated at startup and after in-core logs
 *              marked as with WANT_SYNC.
 */

/*
 * This routine is called when a user of a log manager ticket is done with
 * the reservation.  If the ticket was ever used, then a commit record for
 * the associated transaction is written out as a log operation header with
 * no data.  The flag XLOG_TIC_INITED is set when the first write occurs with
 * a given ticket.  If the ticket was one with a permanent reservation, then
 * a few operations are done differently.  Permanent reservation tickets by
 * default don't release the reservation.  They just commit the current
 * transaction with the belief that the reservation is still needed.  A flag
 * must be passed in before permanent reservations are actually released.
 * When these type of tickets are not released, they need to be set into
 * the inited state again.  By doing this, a start record will be written
 * out when the next write occurs.
 */
xfs_lsn_t
xfs_log_done(xfs_mount_t        *mp,
             xfs_log_ticket_t   xtic,
             void               **iclog,
             uint               flags)
{
        xlog_t          *log    = mp->m_log;
        xlog_ticket_t   *ticket = (xfs_log_ticket_t) xtic;
        xfs_lsn_t       lsn     = 0;

        if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log) ||
            /*
             * If nothing was ever written, don't write out commit record.
             * If we get an error, just continue and give back the log ticket.
             */
            (((ticket->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_INITED) == 0) &&
             (xlog_commit_record(mp, ticket,
                                 (xlog_in_core_t **)iclog, &lsn)))) {
                lsn = (xfs_lsn_t) -1;
                if (ticket->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_PERM_RESERV) {
                        flags |= XFS_LOG_REL_PERM_RESERV;
                }
        }


        if ((ticket->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_PERM_RESERV) == 0 ||
            (flags & XFS_LOG_REL_PERM_RESERV)) {
                /*
                 * Release ticket if not permanent reservation or a specific
                 * request has been made to release a permanent reservation.
                 */
                xlog_trace_loggrant(log, ticket, "xfs_log_done: (non-permanent)");
                xlog_ungrant_log_space(log, ticket);
                xlog_state_put_ticket(log, ticket);
        } else {
                xlog_trace_loggrant(log, ticket, "xfs_log_done: (permanent)");
                xlog_regrant_reserve_log_space(log, ticket);
        }

        /* If this ticket was a permanent reservation and we aren't
         * trying to release it, reset the inited flags; so next time
         * we write, a start record will be written out.
         */
        if ((ticket->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_PERM_RESERV) &&
            (flags & XFS_LOG_REL_PERM_RESERV) == 0)
                ticket->t_flags |= XLOG_TIC_INITED;

        return lsn;
}       /* xfs_log_done */


/*
 * Force the in-core log to disk.  If flags == XFS_LOG_SYNC,
 *      the force is done synchronously.
 *
 * Asynchronous forces are implemented by setting the WANT_SYNC
 * bit in the appropriate in-core log and then returning.
 *
 * Synchronous forces are implemented with a semaphore.  All callers
 * to force a given lsn to disk will wait on a semaphore attached to the
 * specific in-core log.  When given in-core log finally completes its
 * write to disk, that thread will wake up all threads waiting on the
 * semaphore.
 */
int
_xfs_log_force(
        xfs_mount_t     *mp,
        xfs_lsn_t       lsn,
        uint            flags,
        int             *log_flushed)
{
        xlog_t          *log = mp->m_log;
        int             dummy;

        if (!log_flushed)
                log_flushed = &dummy;

        ASSERT(flags & XFS_LOG_FORCE);

        XFS_STATS_INC(xs_log_force);

        if (log->l_flags & XLOG_IO_ERROR)
                return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
        if (lsn == 0)
                return xlog_state_sync_all(log, flags, log_flushed);
        else
                return xlog_state_sync(log, lsn, flags, log_flushed);
}       /* xfs_log_force */

/*
 * Attaches a new iclog I/O completion callback routine during
 * transaction commit.  If the log is in error state, a non-zero
 * return code is handed back and the caller is responsible for
 * executing the callback at an appropriate time.
 */
int
xfs_log_notify(xfs_mount_t        *mp,          /* mount of partition */
               void               *iclog_hndl,  /* iclog to hang callback off */
               xfs_log_callback_t *cb)
{
        xlog_t *log = mp->m_log;
        xlog_in_core_t    *iclog = (xlog_in_core_t *)iclog_hndl;
        int     abortflg, spl;

        cb->cb_next = NULL;
        spl = LOG_LOCK(log);
        abortflg = (iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR);
        if (!abortflg) {
                ASSERT_ALWAYS((iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE) ||
                              (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_WANT_SYNC));
                cb->cb_next = NULL;
                *(iclog->ic_callback_tail) = cb;
                iclog->ic_callback_tail = &(cb->cb_next);
        }
        LOG_UNLOCK(log, spl);
        return abortflg;
}       /* xfs_log_notify */

int
xfs_log_release_iclog(xfs_mount_t *mp,
                      void        *iclog_hndl)
{
        xlog_t *log = mp->m_log;
        xlog_in_core_t    *iclog = (xlog_in_core_t *)iclog_hndl;

        if (xlog_state_release_iclog(log, iclog)) {
                xfs_force_shutdown(mp, SHUTDOWN_LOG_IO_ERROR);
                return EIO;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 *  1. Reserve an amount of on-disk log space and return a ticket corresponding
 *      to the reservation.
 *  2. Potentially, push buffers at tail of log to disk.
 *
 * Each reservation is going to reserve extra space for a log record header.
 * When writes happen to the on-disk log, we don't subtract the length of the
 * log record header from any reservation.  By wasting space in each
 * reservation, we prevent over allocation problems.
 */
int
xfs_log_reserve(xfs_mount_t      *mp,
                int              unit_bytes,
                int              cnt,
                xfs_log_ticket_t *ticket,
                __uint8_t        client,
                uint             flags,
                uint             t_type)
{
        xlog_t          *log = mp->m_log;
        xlog_ticket_t   *internal_ticket;
        int             retval = 0;

        ASSERT(client == XFS_TRANSACTION || client == XFS_LOG);
        ASSERT((flags & XFS_LOG_NOSLEEP) == 0);

        if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log))
                return XFS_ERROR(EIO);

        XFS_STATS_INC(xs_try_logspace);

        if (*ticket != NULL) {
                ASSERT(flags & XFS_LOG_PERM_RESERV);
                internal_ticket = (xlog_ticket_t *)*ticket;
                xlog_trace_loggrant(log, internal_ticket, "xfs_log_reserve: existing ticket (permanent trans)");
                xlog_grant_push_ail(mp, internal_ticket->t_unit_res);
                retval = xlog_regrant_write_log_space(log, internal_ticket);
        } else {
                /* may sleep if need to allocate more tickets */
                internal_ticket = xlog_ticket_get(log, unit_bytes, cnt,
                                                  client, flags);
                internal_ticket->t_trans_type = t_type;
                *ticket = internal_ticket;
                xlog_trace_loggrant(log, internal_ticket, 
                        (internal_ticket->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_PERM_RESERV) ?
                        "xfs_log_reserve: create new ticket (permanent trans)" :
                        "xfs_log_reserve: create new ticket");
                xlog_grant_push_ail(mp,
                                    (internal_ticket->t_unit_res *
                                     internal_ticket->t_cnt));
                retval = xlog_grant_log_space(log, internal_ticket);
        }

        return retval;
}       /* xfs_log_reserve */


/*
 * Mount a log filesystem
 *
 * mp           - ubiquitous xfs mount point structure
 * log_target   - buftarg of on-disk log device
 * blk_offset   - Start block # where block size is 512 bytes (BBSIZE)
 * num_bblocks  - Number of BBSIZE blocks in on-disk log
 *
 * Return error or zero.
 */
int
xfs_log_mount(xfs_mount_t       *mp,
              xfs_buftarg_t     *log_target,
              xfs_daddr_t       blk_offset,
              int               num_bblks)
{
        if (!(mp->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_NORECOVERY))
                cmn_err(CE_NOTE, "XFS mounting filesystem %s", mp->m_fsname);
        else {
                cmn_err(CE_NOTE,
                        "!Mounting filesystem \"%s\" in no-recovery mode.  Filesystem will be inconsistent.",
                        mp->m_fsname);
                ASSERT(XFS_MTOVFS(mp)->vfs_flag & VFS_RDONLY);
        }

        mp->m_log = xlog_alloc_log(mp, log_target, blk_offset, num_bblks);

        /*
         * skip log recovery on a norecovery mount.  pretend it all
         * just worked.
         */
        if (!(mp->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_NORECOVERY)) {
                bhv_vfs_t       *vfsp = XFS_MTOVFS(mp);
                int             error, readonly = (vfsp->vfs_flag & VFS_RDONLY);

                if (readonly)
                        vfsp->vfs_flag &= ~VFS_RDONLY;

                error = xlog_recover(mp->m_log);

                if (readonly)
                        vfsp->vfs_flag |= VFS_RDONLY;
                if (error) {
                        cmn_err(CE_WARN, "XFS: log mount/recovery failed: error %d", error);
                        xlog_dealloc_log(mp->m_log);
                        return error;
                }
        }

        /* Normal transactions can now occur */
        mp->m_log->l_flags &= ~XLOG_ACTIVE_RECOVERY;

        /* End mounting message in xfs_log_mount_finish */
        return 0;
}       /* xfs_log_mount */

/*
 * Finish the recovery of the file system.  This is separate from
 * the xfs_log_mount() call, because it depends on the code in
 * xfs_mountfs() to read in the root and real-time bitmap inodes
 * between calling xfs_log_mount() and here.
 *
 * mp           - ubiquitous xfs mount point structure
 */
int
xfs_log_mount_finish(xfs_mount_t *mp, int mfsi_flags)
{
        int     error;

        if (!(mp->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_NORECOVERY))
                error = xlog_recover_finish(mp->m_log, mfsi_flags);
        else {
                error = 0;
                ASSERT(XFS_MTOVFS(mp)->vfs_flag & VFS_RDONLY);
        }

        return error;
}

/*
 * Unmount processing for the log.
 */
int
xfs_log_unmount(xfs_mount_t *mp)
{
        int             error;

        error = xfs_log_unmount_write(mp);
        xfs_log_unmount_dealloc(mp);
        return error;
}

/*
 * Final log writes as part of unmount.
 *
 * Mark the filesystem clean as unmount happens.  Note that during relocation
 * this routine needs to be executed as part of source-bag while the
 * deallocation must not be done until source-end.
 */

/*
 * Unmount record used to have a string "Unmount filesystem--" in the
 * data section where the "Un" was really a magic number (XLOG_UNMOUNT_TYPE).
 * We just write the magic number now since that particular field isn't
 * currently architecture converted and "nUmount" is a bit foo.
 * As far as I know, there weren't any dependencies on the old behaviour.
 */

int
xfs_log_unmount_write(xfs_mount_t *mp)
{
        xlog_t           *log = mp->m_log;
        xlog_in_core_t   *iclog;
#ifdef DEBUG
        xlog_in_core_t   *first_iclog;
#endif
        xfs_log_iovec_t  reg[1];
        xfs_log_ticket_t tic = NULL;
        xfs_lsn_t        lsn;
        int              error;
        SPLDECL(s);

        /* the data section must be 32 bit size aligned */
        struct {
            __uint16_t magic;
            __uint16_t pad1;
            __uint32_t pad2; /* may as well make it 64 bits */
        } magic = { XLOG_UNMOUNT_TYPE, 0, 0 };

        /*
         * Don't write out unmount record on read-only mounts.
         * Or, if we are doing a forced umount (typically because of IO errors).
         */
        if (XFS_MTOVFS(mp)->vfs_flag & VFS_RDONLY)
                return 0;

        xfs_log_force(mp, 0, XFS_LOG_FORCE|XFS_LOG_SYNC);

#ifdef DEBUG
        first_iclog = iclog = log->l_iclog;
        do {
                if (!(iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR)) {
                        ASSERT(iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE);
                        ASSERT(iclog->ic_offset == 0);
                }
                iclog = iclog->ic_next;
        } while (iclog != first_iclog);
#endif
        if (! (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log))) {
                reg[0].i_addr = (void*)&magic;
                reg[0].i_len  = sizeof(magic);
                XLOG_VEC_SET_TYPE(&reg[0], XLOG_REG_TYPE_UNMOUNT);

                error = xfs_log_reserve(mp, 600, 1, &tic,
                                        XFS_LOG, 0, XLOG_UNMOUNT_REC_TYPE);
                if (!error) {
                        /* remove inited flag */
                        ((xlog_ticket_t *)tic)->t_flags = 0;
                        error = xlog_write(mp, reg, 1, tic, &lsn,
                                           NULL, XLOG_UNMOUNT_TRANS);
                        /*
                         * At this point, we're umounting anyway,
                         * so there's no point in transitioning log state
                         * to IOERROR. Just continue...
                         */
                }

                if (error) {
                        xfs_fs_cmn_err(CE_ALERT, mp,
                                "xfs_log_unmount: unmount record failed");
                }


                s = LOG_LOCK(log);
                iclog = log->l_iclog;
                iclog->ic_refcnt++;
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                xlog_state_want_sync(log, iclog);
                (void) xlog_state_release_iclog(log, iclog);

                s = LOG_LOCK(log);
                if (!(iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE ||
                      iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_DIRTY)) {
                        if (!XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log)) {
                                sv_wait(&iclog->ic_forcesema, PMEM,
                                        &log->l_icloglock, s);
                        } else {
                                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                        }
                } else {
                        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                }
                if (tic) {
                        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic, "unmount rec");
                        xlog_ungrant_log_space(log, tic);
                        xlog_state_put_ticket(log, tic);
                }
        } else {
                /*
                 * We're already in forced_shutdown mode, couldn't
                 * even attempt to write out the unmount transaction.
                 *
                 * Go through the motions of sync'ing and releasing
                 * the iclog, even though no I/O will actually happen,
                 * we need to wait for other log I/Os that may already
                 * be in progress.  Do this as a separate section of
                 * code so we'll know if we ever get stuck here that
                 * we're in this odd situation of trying to unmount
                 * a file system that went into forced_shutdown as
                 * the result of an unmount..
                 */
                s = LOG_LOCK(log);
                iclog = log->l_iclog;
                iclog->ic_refcnt++;
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);

                xlog_state_want_sync(log, iclog);
                (void) xlog_state_release_iclog(log, iclog);

                s = LOG_LOCK(log);

                if ( ! (   iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE
                        || iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_DIRTY
                        || iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_IOERROR) ) {

                                sv_wait(&iclog->ic_forcesema, PMEM,
                                        &log->l_icloglock, s);
                } else {
                        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                }
        }

        return 0;
}       /* xfs_log_unmount_write */

/*
 * Deallocate log structures for unmount/relocation.
 */
void
xfs_log_unmount_dealloc(xfs_mount_t *mp)
{
        xlog_dealloc_log(mp->m_log);
}

/*
 * Write region vectors to log.  The write happens using the space reservation
 * of the ticket (tic).  It is not a requirement that all writes for a given
 * transaction occur with one call to xfs_log_write().
 */
int
xfs_log_write(xfs_mount_t *     mp,
              xfs_log_iovec_t   reg[],
              int               nentries,
              xfs_log_ticket_t  tic,
              xfs_lsn_t         *start_lsn)
{
        int     error;
        xlog_t *log = mp->m_log;

        if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log))
                return XFS_ERROR(EIO);

        if ((error = xlog_write(mp, reg, nentries, tic, start_lsn, NULL, 0))) {
                xfs_force_shutdown(mp, SHUTDOWN_LOG_IO_ERROR);
        }
        return error;
}       /* xfs_log_write */


void
xfs_log_move_tail(xfs_mount_t   *mp,
                  xfs_lsn_t     tail_lsn)
{
        xlog_ticket_t   *tic;
        xlog_t          *log = mp->m_log;
        int             need_bytes, free_bytes, cycle, bytes;
        SPLDECL(s);

        if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log))
                return;
        ASSERT(!XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp));

        if (tail_lsn == 0) {
                /* needed since sync_lsn is 64 bits */
                s = LOG_LOCK(log);
                tail_lsn = log->l_last_sync_lsn;
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
        }

        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);

        /* Also an invalid lsn.  1 implies that we aren't passing in a valid
         * tail_lsn.
         */
        if (tail_lsn != 1) {
                log->l_tail_lsn = tail_lsn;
        }

        if ((tic = log->l_write_headq)) {
#ifdef DEBUG
                if (log->l_flags & XLOG_ACTIVE_RECOVERY)
                        panic("Recovery problem");
#endif
                cycle = log->l_grant_write_cycle;
                bytes = log->l_grant_write_bytes;
                free_bytes = xlog_space_left(log, cycle, bytes);
                do {
                        ASSERT(tic->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_PERM_RESERV);

                        if (free_bytes < tic->t_unit_res && tail_lsn != 1)
                                break;
                        tail_lsn = 0;
                        free_bytes -= tic->t_unit_res;
                        sv_signal(&tic->t_sema);
                        tic = tic->t_next;
                } while (tic != log->l_write_headq);
        }
        if ((tic = log->l_reserve_headq)) {
#ifdef DEBUG
                if (log->l_flags & XLOG_ACTIVE_RECOVERY)
                        panic("Recovery problem");
#endif
                cycle = log->l_grant_reserve_cycle;
                bytes = log->l_grant_reserve_bytes;
                free_bytes = xlog_space_left(log, cycle, bytes);
                do {
                        if (tic->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_PERM_RESERV)
                                need_bytes = tic->t_unit_res*tic->t_cnt;
                        else
                                need_bytes = tic->t_unit_res;
                        if (free_bytes < need_bytes && tail_lsn != 1)
                                break;
                        tail_lsn = 0;
                        free_bytes -= need_bytes;
                        sv_signal(&tic->t_sema);
                        tic = tic->t_next;
                } while (tic != log->l_reserve_headq);
        }
        GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);
}       /* xfs_log_move_tail */

/*
 * Determine if we have a transaction that has gone to disk
 * that needs to be covered. Log activity needs to be idle (no AIL and
 * nothing in the iclogs). And, we need to be in the right state indicating
 * something has gone out.
 */
int
xfs_log_need_covered(xfs_mount_t *mp)
{
        SPLDECL(s);
        int             needed = 0, gen;
        xlog_t          *log = mp->m_log;
        bhv_vfs_t       *vfsp = XFS_MTOVFS(mp);

        if (vfs_test_for_freeze(vfsp) || XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp) ||
            (vfsp->vfs_flag & VFS_RDONLY))
                return 0;

        s = LOG_LOCK(log);
        if (((log->l_covered_state == XLOG_STATE_COVER_NEED) ||
                (log->l_covered_state == XLOG_STATE_COVER_NEED2))
                        && !xfs_trans_first_ail(mp, &gen)
                        && xlog_iclogs_empty(log)) {
                if (log->l_covered_state == XLOG_STATE_COVER_NEED)
                        log->l_covered_state = XLOG_STATE_COVER_DONE;
                else {
                        ASSERT(log->l_covered_state == XLOG_STATE_COVER_NEED2);
                        log->l_covered_state = XLOG_STATE_COVER_DONE2;
                }
                needed = 1;
        }
        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
        return needed;
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 *      local routines
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/* xfs_trans_tail_ail returns 0 when there is nothing in the list.
 * The log manager must keep track of the last LR which was committed
 * to disk.  The lsn of this LR will become the new tail_lsn whenever
 * xfs_trans_tail_ail returns 0.  If we don't do this, we run into
 * the situation where stuff could be written into the log but nothing
 * was ever in the AIL when asked.  Eventually, we panic since the
 * tail hits the head.
 *
 * We may be holding the log iclog lock upon entering this routine.
 */
xfs_lsn_t
xlog_assign_tail_lsn(xfs_mount_t *mp)
{
        xfs_lsn_t tail_lsn;
        SPLDECL(s);
        xlog_t    *log = mp->m_log;

        tail_lsn = xfs_trans_tail_ail(mp);
        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
        if (tail_lsn != 0) {
                log->l_tail_lsn = tail_lsn;
        } else {
                tail_lsn = log->l_tail_lsn = log->l_last_sync_lsn;
        }
        GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);

        return tail_lsn;
}       /* xlog_assign_tail_lsn */


/*
 * Return the space in the log between the tail and the head.  The head
 * is passed in the cycle/bytes formal parms.  In the special case where
 * the reserve head has wrapped passed the tail, this calculation is no
 * longer valid.  In this case, just return 0 which means there is no space
 * in the log.  This works for all places where this function is called
 * with the reserve head.  Of course, if the write head were to ever
 * wrap the tail, we should blow up.  Rather than catch this case here,
 * we depend on other ASSERTions in other parts of the code.   XXXmiken
 *
 * This code also handles the case where the reservation head is behind
 * the tail.  The details of this case are described below, but the end
 * result is that we return the size of the log as the amount of space left.
 */
int
xlog_space_left(xlog_t *log, int cycle, int bytes)
{
        int free_bytes;
        int tail_bytes;
        int tail_cycle;

        tail_bytes = BBTOB(BLOCK_LSN(log->l_tail_lsn));
        tail_cycle = CYCLE_LSN(log->l_tail_lsn);
        if ((tail_cycle == cycle) && (bytes >= tail_bytes)) {
                free_bytes = log->l_logsize - (bytes - tail_bytes);
        } else if ((tail_cycle + 1) < cycle) {
                return 0;
        } else if (tail_cycle < cycle) {
                ASSERT(tail_cycle == (cycle - 1));
                free_bytes = tail_bytes - bytes;
        } else {
                /*
                 * The reservation head is behind the tail.
                 * In this case we just want to return the size of the
                 * log as the amount of space left.
                 */
                xfs_fs_cmn_err(CE_ALERT, log->l_mp,
                        "xlog_space_left: head behind tail\n"
                        "  tail_cycle = %d, tail_bytes = %d\n"
                        "  GH   cycle = %d, GH   bytes = %d",
                        tail_cycle, tail_bytes, cycle, bytes);
                ASSERT(0);
                free_bytes = log->l_logsize;
        }
        return free_bytes;
}       /* xlog_space_left */


/*
 * Log function which is called when an io completes.
 *
 * The log manager needs its own routine, in order to control what
 * happens with the buffer after the write completes.
 */
void
xlog_iodone(xfs_buf_t *bp)
{
        xlog_in_core_t  *iclog;
        xlog_t          *l;
        int             aborted;

        iclog = XFS_BUF_FSPRIVATE(bp, xlog_in_core_t *);
        ASSERT(XFS_BUF_FSPRIVATE2(bp, unsigned long) == (unsigned long) 2);
        XFS_BUF_SET_FSPRIVATE2(bp, (unsigned long)1);
        aborted = 0;

        /*
         * Some versions of cpp barf on the recursive definition of
         * ic_log -> hic_fields.ic_log and expand ic_log twice when
         * it is passed through two macros.  Workaround broken cpp.
         */
        l = iclog->ic_log;

        /*
         * Race to shutdown the filesystem if we see an error.
         */
        if (XFS_TEST_ERROR((XFS_BUF_GETERROR(bp)), l->l_mp,
                        XFS_ERRTAG_IODONE_IOERR, XFS_RANDOM_IODONE_IOERR)) {
                xfs_ioerror_alert("xlog_iodone", l->l_mp, bp, XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp));
                XFS_BUF_STALE(bp);
                xfs_force_shutdown(l->l_mp, SHUTDOWN_LOG_IO_ERROR);
                /*
                 * This flag will be propagated to the trans-committed
                 * callback routines to let them know that the log-commit
                 * didn't succeed.
                 */
                aborted = XFS_LI_ABORTED;
        } else if (iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR) {
                aborted = XFS_LI_ABORTED;
        }
        xlog_state_done_syncing(iclog, aborted);
        if (!(XFS_BUF_ISASYNC(bp))) {
                /*
                 * Corresponding psema() will be done in bwrite().  If we don't
                 * vsema() here, panic.
                 */
                XFS_BUF_V_IODONESEMA(bp);
        }
}       /* xlog_iodone */

/*
 * The bdstrat callback function for log bufs. This gives us a central
 * place to trap bufs in case we get hit by a log I/O error and need to
 * shutdown. Actually, in practice, even when we didn't get a log error,
 * we transition the iclogs to IOERROR state *after* flushing all existing
 * iclogs to disk. This is because we don't want anymore new transactions to be
 * started or completed afterwards.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_bdstrat_cb(struct xfs_buf *bp)
{
        xlog_in_core_t *iclog;

        iclog = XFS_BUF_FSPRIVATE(bp, xlog_in_core_t *);

        if ((iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR) == 0) {
          /* note for irix bstrat will need  struct bdevsw passed
           * Fix the following macro if the code ever is merged
           */
            XFS_bdstrat(bp);
                return 0;
        }

        xfs_buftrace("XLOG__BDSTRAT IOERROR", bp);
        XFS_BUF_ERROR(bp, EIO);
        XFS_BUF_STALE(bp);
        xfs_biodone(bp);
        return XFS_ERROR(EIO);


}

/*
 * Return size of each in-core log record buffer.
 *
 * Low memory machines only get 2 16KB buffers.  We don't want to waste
 * memory here.  However, all other machines get at least 2 32KB buffers.
 * The number is hard coded because we don't care about the minimum
 * memory size, just 32MB systems.
 *
 * If the filesystem blocksize is too large, we may need to choose a
 * larger size since the directory code currently logs entire blocks.
 */

STATIC void
xlog_get_iclog_buffer_size(xfs_mount_t  *mp,
                           xlog_t       *log)
{
        int size;
        int xhdrs;

        if (mp->m_logbufs <= 0) {
                if (xfs_physmem <= btoc(128*1024*1024)) {
                        log->l_iclog_bufs = XLOG_MIN_ICLOGS;
                } else if (xfs_physmem <= btoc(400*1024*1024)) {
                        log->l_iclog_bufs = XLOG_MED_ICLOGS;
                } else {        /* 256K with 32K bufs */
                        log->l_iclog_bufs = XLOG_MAX_ICLOGS;
                }
        } else {
                log->l_iclog_bufs = mp->m_logbufs;
        }

        /*
         * Buffer size passed in from mount system call.
         */
        if (mp->m_logbsize > 0) {
                size = log->l_iclog_size = mp->m_logbsize;
                log->l_iclog_size_log = 0;
                while (size != 1) {
                        log->l_iclog_size_log++;
                        size >>= 1;
                }

                if (XFS_SB_VERSION_HASLOGV2(&mp->m_sb)) {
                        /* # headers = size / 32K
                         * one header holds cycles from 32K of data
                         */

                        xhdrs = mp->m_logbsize / XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE;
                        if (mp->m_logbsize % XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE)
                                xhdrs++;
                        log->l_iclog_hsize = xhdrs << BBSHIFT;
                        log->l_iclog_heads = xhdrs;
                } else {
                        ASSERT(mp->m_logbsize <= XLOG_BIG_RECORD_BSIZE);
                        log->l_iclog_hsize = BBSIZE;
                        log->l_iclog_heads = 1;
                }
                goto done;
        }

        /*
         * Special case machines that have less than 32MB of memory.
         * All machines with more memory use 32KB buffers.
         */
        if (xfs_physmem <= btoc(32*1024*1024)) {
                /* Don't change; min configuration */
                log->l_iclog_size = XLOG_RECORD_BSIZE;          /* 16k */
                log->l_iclog_size_log = XLOG_RECORD_BSHIFT;
        } else {
                log->l_iclog_size = XLOG_BIG_RECORD_BSIZE;      /* 32k */
                log->l_iclog_size_log = XLOG_BIG_RECORD_BSHIFT;
        }

        /* the default log size is 16k or 32k which is one header sector */
        log->l_iclog_hsize = BBSIZE;
        log->l_iclog_heads = 1;

        /*
         * For 16KB, we use 3 32KB buffers.  For 32KB block sizes, we use
         * 4 32KB buffers.  For 64KB block sizes, we use 8 32KB buffers.
         */
        if (mp->m_sb.sb_blocksize >= 16*1024) {
                log->l_iclog_size = XLOG_BIG_RECORD_BSIZE;
                log->l_iclog_size_log = XLOG_BIG_RECORD_BSHIFT;
                if (mp->m_logbufs <= 0) {
                        switch (mp->m_sb.sb_blocksize) {
                            case 16*1024:                       /* 16 KB */
                                log->l_iclog_bufs = 3;
                                break;
                            case 32*1024:                       /* 32 KB */
                                log->l_iclog_bufs = 4;
                                break;
                            case 64*1024:                       /* 64 KB */
                                log->l_iclog_bufs = 8;
                                break;
                            default:
                                xlog_panic("XFS: Invalid blocksize");
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }

done:   /* are we being asked to make the sizes selected above visible? */
        if (mp->m_logbufs == 0)
                mp->m_logbufs = log->l_iclog_bufs;
        if (mp->m_logbsize == 0)
                mp->m_logbsize = log->l_iclog_size;
}       /* xlog_get_iclog_buffer_size */


/*
 * This routine initializes some of the log structure for a given mount point.
 * Its primary purpose is to fill in enough, so recovery can occur.  However,
 * some other stuff may be filled in too.
 */
STATIC xlog_t *
xlog_alloc_log(xfs_mount_t      *mp,
               xfs_buftarg_t    *log_target,
               xfs_daddr_t      blk_offset,
               int              num_bblks)
{
        xlog_t                  *log;
        xlog_rec_header_t       *head;
        xlog_in_core_t          **iclogp;
        xlog_in_core_t          *iclog, *prev_iclog=NULL;
        xfs_buf_t               *bp;
        int                     i;
        int                     iclogsize;

        log = (xlog_t *)kmem_zalloc(sizeof(xlog_t), KM_SLEEP);

        log->l_mp          = mp;
        log->l_targ        = log_target;
        log->l_logsize     = BBTOB(num_bblks);
        log->l_logBBstart  = blk_offset;
        log->l_logBBsize   = num_bblks;
        log->l_covered_state = XLOG_STATE_COVER_IDLE;
        log->l_flags       |= XLOG_ACTIVE_RECOVERY;

        log->l_prev_block  = -1;
        ASSIGN_ANY_LSN_HOST(log->l_tail_lsn, 1, 0);
        /* log->l_tail_lsn = 0x100000000LL; cycle = 1; current block = 0 */
        log->l_last_sync_lsn = log->l_tail_lsn;
        log->l_curr_cycle  = 1;     /* 0 is bad since this is initial value */
        log->l_grant_reserve_cycle = 1;
        log->l_grant_write_cycle = 1;

        if (XFS_SB_VERSION_HASSECTOR(&mp->m_sb)) {
                log->l_sectbb_log = mp->m_sb.sb_logsectlog - BBSHIFT;
                ASSERT(log->l_sectbb_log <= mp->m_sectbb_log);
                /* for larger sector sizes, must have v2 or external log */
                ASSERT(log->l_sectbb_log == 0 ||
                        log->l_logBBstart == 0 ||
                        XFS_SB_VERSION_HASLOGV2(&mp->m_sb));
                ASSERT(mp->m_sb.sb_logsectlog >= BBSHIFT);
        }
        log->l_sectbb_mask = (1 << log->l_sectbb_log) - 1;

        xlog_get_iclog_buffer_size(mp, log);

        bp = xfs_buf_get_empty(log->l_iclog_size, mp->m_logdev_targp);
        XFS_BUF_SET_IODONE_FUNC(bp, xlog_iodone);
        XFS_BUF_SET_BDSTRAT_FUNC(bp, xlog_bdstrat_cb);
        XFS_BUF_SET_FSPRIVATE2(bp, (unsigned long)1);
        ASSERT(XFS_BUF_ISBUSY(bp));
        ASSERT(XFS_BUF_VALUSEMA(bp) <= 0);
        log->l_xbuf = bp;

        spinlock_init(&log->l_icloglock, "iclog");
        spinlock_init(&log->l_grant_lock, "grhead_iclog");
        initnsema(&log->l_flushsema, 0, "ic-flush");
        xlog_state_ticket_alloc(log);  /* wait until after icloglock inited */

        /* log record size must be multiple of BBSIZE; see xlog_rec_header_t */
        ASSERT((XFS_BUF_SIZE(bp) & BBMASK) == 0);

        iclogp = &log->l_iclog;
        /*
         * The amount of memory to allocate for the iclog structure is
         * rather funky due to the way the structure is defined.  It is
         * done this way so that we can use different sizes for machines
         * with different amounts of memory.  See the definition of
         * xlog_in_core_t in xfs_log_priv.h for details.
         */
        iclogsize = log->l_iclog_size;
        ASSERT(log->l_iclog_size >= 4096);
        for (i=0; i < log->l_iclog_bufs; i++) {
                *iclogp = (xlog_in_core_t *)
                          kmem_zalloc(sizeof(xlog_in_core_t), KM_SLEEP);
                iclog = *iclogp;
                iclog->hic_data = (xlog_in_core_2_t *)
                          kmem_zalloc(iclogsize, KM_SLEEP | KM_LARGE);

                iclog->ic_prev = prev_iclog;
                prev_iclog = iclog;
                log->l_iclog_bak[i] = (xfs_caddr_t)&(iclog->ic_header);

                head = &iclog->ic_header;
                memset(head, 0, sizeof(xlog_rec_header_t));
                INT_SET(head->h_magicno, ARCH_CONVERT, XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM);
                INT_SET(head->h_version, ARCH_CONVERT,
                        XFS_SB_VERSION_HASLOGV2(&log->l_mp->m_sb) ? 2 : 1);
                INT_SET(head->h_size, ARCH_CONVERT, log->l_iclog_size);
                /* new fields */
                INT_SET(head->h_fmt, ARCH_CONVERT, XLOG_FMT);
                memcpy(&head->h_fs_uuid, &mp->m_sb.sb_uuid, sizeof(uuid_t));

                bp = xfs_buf_get_empty(log->l_iclog_size, mp->m_logdev_targp);
                XFS_BUF_SET_IODONE_FUNC(bp, xlog_iodone);
                XFS_BUF_SET_BDSTRAT_FUNC(bp, xlog_bdstrat_cb);
                XFS_BUF_SET_FSPRIVATE2(bp, (unsigned long)1);
                iclog->ic_bp = bp;

                iclog->ic_size = XFS_BUF_SIZE(bp) - log->l_iclog_hsize;
                iclog->ic_state = XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE;
                iclog->ic_log = log;
                iclog->ic_callback_tail = &(iclog->ic_callback);
                iclog->ic_datap = (char *)iclog->hic_data + log->l_iclog_hsize;

                ASSERT(XFS_BUF_ISBUSY(iclog->ic_bp));
                ASSERT(XFS_BUF_VALUSEMA(iclog->ic_bp) <= 0);
                sv_init(&iclog->ic_forcesema, SV_DEFAULT, "iclog-force");
                sv_init(&iclog->ic_writesema, SV_DEFAULT, "iclog-write");

                iclogp = &iclog->ic_next;
        }
        *iclogp = log->l_iclog;                 /* complete ring */
        log->l_iclog->ic_prev = prev_iclog;     /* re-write 1st prev ptr */

        return log;
}       /* xlog_alloc_log */


/*
 * Write out the commit record of a transaction associated with the given
 * ticket.  Return the lsn of the commit record.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_commit_record(xfs_mount_t  *mp,
                   xlog_ticket_t *ticket,
                   xlog_in_core_t **iclog,
                   xfs_lsn_t    *commitlsnp)
{
        int             error;
        xfs_log_iovec_t reg[1];

        reg[0].i_addr = NULL;
        reg[0].i_len = 0;
        XLOG_VEC_SET_TYPE(&reg[0], XLOG_REG_TYPE_COMMIT);

        ASSERT_ALWAYS(iclog);
        if ((error = xlog_write(mp, reg, 1, ticket, commitlsnp,
                               iclog, XLOG_COMMIT_TRANS))) {
                xfs_force_shutdown(mp, SHUTDOWN_LOG_IO_ERROR);
        }
        return error;
}       /* xlog_commit_record */


/*
 * Push on the buffer cache code if we ever use more than 75% of the on-disk
 * log space.  This code pushes on the lsn which would supposedly free up
 * the 25% which we want to leave free.  We may need to adopt a policy which
 * pushes on an lsn which is further along in the log once we reach the high
 * water mark.  In this manner, we would be creating a low water mark.
 */
void
xlog_grant_push_ail(xfs_mount_t *mp,
                    int         need_bytes)
{
    xlog_t      *log = mp->m_log;       /* pointer to the log */
    xfs_lsn_t   tail_lsn;               /* lsn of the log tail */
    xfs_lsn_t   threshold_lsn = 0;      /* lsn we'd like to be at */
    int         free_blocks;            /* free blocks left to write to */
    int         free_bytes;             /* free bytes left to write to */
    int         threshold_block;        /* block in lsn we'd like to be at */
    int         threshold_cycle;        /* lsn cycle we'd like to be at */
    int         free_threshold;
    SPLDECL(s);

    ASSERT(BTOBB(need_bytes) < log->l_logBBsize);

    s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
    free_bytes = xlog_space_left(log,
                                 log->l_grant_reserve_cycle,
                                 log->l_grant_reserve_bytes);
    tail_lsn = log->l_tail_lsn;
    free_blocks = BTOBBT(free_bytes);

    /*
     * Set the threshold for the minimum number of free blocks in the
     * log to the maximum of what the caller needs, one quarter of the
     * log, and 256 blocks.
     */
    free_threshold = BTOBB(need_bytes);
    free_threshold = MAX(free_threshold, (log->l_logBBsize >> 2));
    free_threshold = MAX(free_threshold, 256);
    if (free_blocks < free_threshold) {
        threshold_block = BLOCK_LSN(tail_lsn) + free_threshold;
        threshold_cycle = CYCLE_LSN(tail_lsn);
        if (threshold_block >= log->l_logBBsize) {
            threshold_block -= log->l_logBBsize;
            threshold_cycle += 1;
        }
        ASSIGN_ANY_LSN_HOST(threshold_lsn, threshold_cycle,
                       threshold_block);

        /* Don't pass in an lsn greater than the lsn of the last
         * log record known to be on disk.
         */
        if (XFS_LSN_CMP(threshold_lsn, log->l_last_sync_lsn) > 0)
            threshold_lsn = log->l_last_sync_lsn;
    }
    GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);

    /*
     * Get the transaction layer to kick the dirty buffers out to
     * disk asynchronously. No point in trying to do this if
     * the filesystem is shutting down.
     */
    if (threshold_lsn &&
        !XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log))
            xfs_trans_push_ail(mp, threshold_lsn);
}       /* xlog_grant_push_ail */


/*
 * Flush out the in-core log (iclog) to the on-disk log in an asynchronous 
 * fashion.  Previously, we should have moved the current iclog
 * ptr in the log to point to the next available iclog.  This allows further
 * write to continue while this code syncs out an iclog ready to go.
 * Before an in-core log can be written out, the data section must be scanned
 * to save away the 1st word of each BBSIZE block into the header.  We replace
 * it with the current cycle count.  Each BBSIZE block is tagged with the
 * cycle count because there in an implicit assumption that drives will
 * guarantee that entire 512 byte blocks get written at once.  In other words,
 * we can't have part of a 512 byte block written and part not written.  By
 * tagging each block, we will know which blocks are valid when recovering
 * after an unclean shutdown.
 *
 * This routine is single threaded on the iclog.  No other thread can be in
 * this routine with the same iclog.  Changing contents of iclog can there-
 * fore be done without grabbing the state machine lock.  Updating the global
 * log will require grabbing the lock though.
 *
 * The entire log manager uses a logical block numbering scheme.  Only
 * log_sync (and then only bwrite()) know about the fact that the log may
 * not start with block zero on a given device.  The log block start offset
 * is added immediately before calling bwrite().
 */

int
xlog_sync(xlog_t                *log,
          xlog_in_core_t        *iclog)
{
        xfs_caddr_t     dptr;           /* pointer to byte sized element */
        xfs_buf_t       *bp;
        int             i, ops;
        uint            count;          /* byte count of bwrite */
        uint            count_init;     /* initial count before roundup */
        int             roundoff;       /* roundoff to BB or stripe */
        int             split = 0;      /* split write into two regions */
        int             error;
        SPLDECL(s);
        int             v2 = XFS_SB_VERSION_HASLOGV2(&log->l_mp->m_sb);

        XFS_STATS_INC(xs_log_writes);
        ASSERT(iclog->ic_refcnt == 0);

        /* Add for LR header */
        count_init = log->l_iclog_hsize + iclog->ic_offset;

        /* Round out the log write size */
        if (v2 && log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_logsunit > 1) {
                /* we have a v2 stripe unit to use */
                count = XLOG_LSUNITTOB(log, XLOG_BTOLSUNIT(log, count_init));
        } else {
                count = BBTOB(BTOBB(count_init));
        }
        roundoff = count - count_init;
        ASSERT(roundoff >= 0);
        ASSERT((v2 && log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_logsunit > 1 && 
                roundoff < log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_logsunit)
                || 
                (log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_logsunit <= 1 && 
                 roundoff < BBTOB(1)));

        /* move grant heads by roundoff in sync */
        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
        xlog_grant_add_space(log, roundoff);
        GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);

        /* put cycle number in every block */
        xlog_pack_data(log, iclog, roundoff); 

        /* real byte length */
        if (v2) {
                INT_SET(iclog->ic_header.h_len, 
                        ARCH_CONVERT,
                        iclog->ic_offset + roundoff);
        } else {
                INT_SET(iclog->ic_header.h_len, ARCH_CONVERT, iclog->ic_offset);
        }

        /* put ops count in correct order */
        ops = iclog->ic_header.h_num_logops;
        INT_SET(iclog->ic_header.h_num_logops, ARCH_CONVERT, ops);

        bp = iclog->ic_bp;
        ASSERT(XFS_BUF_FSPRIVATE2(bp, unsigned long) == (unsigned long)1);
        XFS_BUF_SET_FSPRIVATE2(bp, (unsigned long)2);
        XFS_BUF_SET_ADDR(bp, BLOCK_LSN(INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_lsn, ARCH_CONVERT)));

        XFS_STATS_ADD(xs_log_blocks, BTOBB(count));

        /* Do we need to split this write into 2 parts? */
        if (XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp) + BTOBB(count) > log->l_logBBsize) {
                split = count - (BBTOB(log->l_logBBsize - XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp)));
                count = BBTOB(log->l_logBBsize - XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp));
                iclog->ic_bwritecnt = 2;        /* split into 2 writes */
        } else {
                iclog->ic_bwritecnt = 1;
        }
        XFS_BUF_SET_PTR(bp, (xfs_caddr_t) &(iclog->ic_header), count);
        XFS_BUF_SET_FSPRIVATE(bp, iclog);       /* save for later */
        XFS_BUF_ZEROFLAGS(bp);
        XFS_BUF_BUSY(bp);
        XFS_BUF_ASYNC(bp);
        /*
         * Do an ordered write for the log block.
         * Its unnecessary to flush the first split block in the log wrap case.
         */
        if (!split && (log->l_mp->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_BARRIER))
                XFS_BUF_ORDERED(bp);

        ASSERT(XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp) <= log->l_logBBsize-1);
        ASSERT(XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp) + BTOBB(count) <= log->l_logBBsize);

        xlog_verify_iclog(log, iclog, count, B_TRUE);

        /* account for log which doesn't start at block #0 */
        XFS_BUF_SET_ADDR(bp, XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp) + log->l_logBBstart);
        /*
         * Don't call xfs_bwrite here. We do log-syncs even when the filesystem
         * is shutting down.
         */
        XFS_BUF_WRITE(bp);

        if ((error = XFS_bwrite(bp))) {
                xfs_ioerror_alert("xlog_sync", log->l_mp, bp,
                                  XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp));
                return error;
        }
        if (split) {
                bp = iclog->ic_log->l_xbuf;
                ASSERT(XFS_BUF_FSPRIVATE2(bp, unsigned long) ==
                                                        (unsigned long)1);
                XFS_BUF_SET_FSPRIVATE2(bp, (unsigned long)2);
                XFS_BUF_SET_ADDR(bp, 0);             /* logical 0 */
                XFS_BUF_SET_PTR(bp, (xfs_caddr_t)((__psint_t)&(iclog->ic_header)+
                                            (__psint_t)count), split);
                XFS_BUF_SET_FSPRIVATE(bp, iclog);
                XFS_BUF_ZEROFLAGS(bp);
                XFS_BUF_BUSY(bp);
                XFS_BUF_ASYNC(bp);
                if (log->l_mp->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_BARRIER)
                        XFS_BUF_ORDERED(bp);
                dptr = XFS_BUF_PTR(bp);
                /*
                 * Bump the cycle numbers at the start of each block
                 * since this part of the buffer is at the start of
                 * a new cycle.  Watch out for the header magic number
                 * case, though.
                 */
                for (i=0; i<split; i += BBSIZE) {
                        INT_MOD(*(uint *)dptr, ARCH_CONVERT, +1);
                        if (INT_GET(*(uint *)dptr, ARCH_CONVERT) == XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM)
                                INT_MOD(*(uint *)dptr, ARCH_CONVERT, +1);
                        dptr += BBSIZE;
                }

                ASSERT(XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp) <= log->l_logBBsize-1);
                ASSERT(XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp) + BTOBB(count) <= log->l_logBBsize);

                /* account for internal log which doesn't start at block #0 */
                XFS_BUF_SET_ADDR(bp, XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp) + log->l_logBBstart);
                XFS_BUF_WRITE(bp);
                if ((error = XFS_bwrite(bp))) {
                        xfs_ioerror_alert("xlog_sync (split)", log->l_mp,
                                          bp, XFS_BUF_ADDR(bp));
                        return error;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}       /* xlog_sync */


/*
 * Deallocate a log structure
 */
void
xlog_dealloc_log(xlog_t *log)
{
        xlog_in_core_t  *iclog, *next_iclog;
        xlog_ticket_t   *tic, *next_tic;
        int             i;


        iclog = log->l_iclog;
        for (i=0; i<log->l_iclog_bufs; i++) {
                sv_destroy(&iclog->ic_forcesema);
                sv_destroy(&iclog->ic_writesema);
                xfs_buf_free(iclog->ic_bp);
#ifdef XFS_LOG_TRACE
                if (iclog->ic_trace != NULL) {
                        ktrace_free(iclog->ic_trace);
                }
#endif
                next_iclog = iclog->ic_next;
                kmem_free(iclog->hic_data, log->l_iclog_size);
                kmem_free(iclog, sizeof(xlog_in_core_t));
                iclog = next_iclog;
        }
        freesema(&log->l_flushsema);
        spinlock_destroy(&log->l_icloglock);
        spinlock_destroy(&log->l_grant_lock);

        /* XXXsup take a look at this again. */
        if ((log->l_ticket_cnt != log->l_ticket_tcnt)  &&
            !XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log)) {
                xfs_fs_cmn_err(CE_WARN, log->l_mp,
                        "xlog_dealloc_log: (cnt: %d, total: %d)",
                        log->l_ticket_cnt, log->l_ticket_tcnt);
                /* ASSERT(log->l_ticket_cnt == log->l_ticket_tcnt); */

        } else {
                tic = log->l_unmount_free;
                while (tic) {
                        next_tic = tic->t_next;
                        kmem_free(tic, NBPP);
                        tic = next_tic;
                }
        }
        xfs_buf_free(log->l_xbuf);
#ifdef XFS_LOG_TRACE
        if (log->l_trace != NULL) {
                ktrace_free(log->l_trace);
        }
        if (log->l_grant_trace != NULL) {
                ktrace_free(log->l_grant_trace);
        }
#endif
        log->l_mp->m_log = NULL;
        kmem_free(log, sizeof(xlog_t));
}       /* xlog_dealloc_log */

/*
 * Update counters atomically now that memcpy is done.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
static inline void
xlog_state_finish_copy(xlog_t           *log,
                       xlog_in_core_t   *iclog,
                       int              record_cnt,
                       int              copy_bytes)
{
        SPLDECL(s);

        s = LOG_LOCK(log);

        iclog->ic_header.h_num_logops += record_cnt;
        iclog->ic_offset += copy_bytes;

        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
}       /* xlog_state_finish_copy */




/*
 * print out info relating to regions written which consume
 * the reservation
 */
STATIC void
xlog_print_tic_res(xfs_mount_t *mp, xlog_ticket_t *ticket)
{
        uint i;
        uint ophdr_spc = ticket->t_res_num_ophdrs * (uint)sizeof(xlog_op_header_t);

        /* match with XLOG_REG_TYPE_* in xfs_log.h */
        static char *res_type_str[XLOG_REG_TYPE_MAX] = {
            "bformat",
            "bchunk",
            "efi_format",
            "efd_format",
            "iformat",
            "icore",
            "iext",
            "ibroot",
            "ilocal",
            "iattr_ext",
            "iattr_broot",
            "iattr_local",
            "qformat",
            "dquot",
            "quotaoff",
            "LR header",
            "unmount",
            "commit",
            "trans header"
        };
        static char *trans_type_str[XFS_TRANS_TYPE_MAX] = {
            "SETATTR_NOT_SIZE",
            "SETATTR_SIZE",
            "INACTIVE",
            "CREATE",
            "CREATE_TRUNC",
            "TRUNCATE_FILE",
            "REMOVE",
            "LINK",
            "RENAME",
            "MKDIR",
            "RMDIR",
            "SYMLINK",
            "SET_DMATTRS",
            "GROWFS",
            "STRAT_WRITE",
            "DIOSTRAT",
            "WRITE_SYNC",
            "WRITEID",
            "ADDAFORK",
            "ATTRINVAL",
            "ATRUNCATE",
            "ATTR_SET",
            "ATTR_RM",
            "ATTR_FLAG",
            "CLEAR_AGI_BUCKET",
            "QM_SBCHANGE",
            "DUMMY1",
            "DUMMY2",
            "QM_QUOTAOFF",
            "QM_DQALLOC",
            "QM_SETQLIM",
            "QM_DQCLUSTER",
            "QM_QINOCREATE",
            "QM_QUOTAOFF_END",
            "SB_UNIT",
            "FSYNC_TS",
            "GROWFSRT_ALLOC",
            "GROWFSRT_ZERO",
            "GROWFSRT_FREE",
            "SWAPEXT"
        };

        xfs_fs_cmn_err(CE_WARN, mp,
                        "xfs_log_write: reservation summary:\n"
                        "  trans type  = %s (%u)\n"
                        "  unit res    = %d bytes\n"
                        "  current res = %d bytes\n"
                        "  total reg   = %u bytes (o/flow = %u bytes)\n"
                        "  ophdrs      = %u (ophdr space = %u bytes)\n"
                        "  ophdr + reg = %u bytes\n"
                        "  num regions = %u\n",
                        ((ticket->t_trans_type <= 0 ||
                          ticket->t_trans_type > XFS_TRANS_TYPE_MAX) ?
                          "bad-trans-type" : trans_type_str[ticket->t_trans_type-1]),
                        ticket->t_trans_type,
                        ticket->t_unit_res,
                        ticket->t_curr_res,
                        ticket->t_res_arr_sum, ticket->t_res_o_flow,
                        ticket->t_res_num_ophdrs, ophdr_spc,
                        ticket->t_res_arr_sum + 
                        ticket->t_res_o_flow + ophdr_spc,
                        ticket->t_res_num);

        for (i = 0; i < ticket->t_res_num; i++) {
                uint r_type = ticket->t_res_arr[i].r_type; 
                cmn_err(CE_WARN,
                            "region[%u]: %s - %u bytes\n",
                            i, 
                            ((r_type <= 0 || r_type > XLOG_REG_TYPE_MAX) ?
                            "bad-rtype" : res_type_str[r_type-1]),
                            ticket->t_res_arr[i].r_len);
        }
}

/*
 * Write some region out to in-core log
 *
 * This will be called when writing externally provided regions or when
 * writing out a commit record for a given transaction.
 *
 * General algorithm:
 *      1. Find total length of this write.  This may include adding to the
 *              lengths passed in.
 *      2. Check whether we violate the tickets reservation.
 *      3. While writing to this iclog
 *          A. Reserve as much space in this iclog as can get
 *          B. If this is first write, save away start lsn
 *          C. While writing this region:
 *              1. If first write of transaction, write start record
 *              2. Write log operation header (header per region)
 *              3. Find out if we can fit entire region into this iclog
 *              4. Potentially, verify destination memcpy ptr
 *              5. Memcpy (partial) region
 *              6. If partial copy, release iclog; otherwise, continue
 *                      copying more regions into current iclog
 *      4. Mark want sync bit (in simulation mode)
 *      5. Release iclog for potential flush to on-disk log.
 *
 * ERRORS:
 * 1.   Panic if reservation is overrun.  This should never happen since
 *      reservation amounts are generated internal to the filesystem.
 * NOTES:
 * 1. Tickets are single threaded data structures.
 * 2. The XLOG_END_TRANS & XLOG_CONTINUE_TRANS flags are passed down to the
 *      syncing routine.  When a single log_write region needs to span
 *      multiple in-core logs, the XLOG_CONTINUE_TRANS bit should be set
 *      on all log operation writes which don't contain the end of the
 *      region.  The XLOG_END_TRANS bit is used for the in-core log
 *      operation which contains the end of the continued log_write region.
 * 3. When xlog_state_get_iclog_space() grabs the rest of the current iclog,
 *      we don't really know exactly how much space will be used.  As a result,
 *      we don't update ic_offset until the end when we know exactly how many
 *      bytes have been written out.
 */
int
xlog_write(xfs_mount_t *        mp,
           xfs_log_iovec_t      reg[],
           int                  nentries,
           xfs_log_ticket_t     tic,
           xfs_lsn_t            *start_lsn,
           xlog_in_core_t       **commit_iclog,
           uint                 flags)
{
    xlog_t           *log = mp->m_log;
    xlog_ticket_t    *ticket = (xlog_ticket_t *)tic;
    xlog_in_core_t   *iclog = NULL;  /* ptr to current in-core log */
    xlog_op_header_t *logop_head;    /* ptr to log operation header */
    __psint_t        ptr;            /* copy address into data region */
    int              len;            /* # xlog_write() bytes 2 still copy */
    int              index;          /* region index currently copying */
    int              log_offset;     /* offset (from 0) into data region */
    int              start_rec_copy; /* # bytes to copy for start record */
    int              partial_copy;   /* did we split a region? */
    int              partial_copy_len;/* # bytes copied if split region */
    int              need_copy;      /* # bytes need to memcpy this region */
    int              copy_len;       /* # bytes actually memcpy'ing */
    int              copy_off;       /* # bytes from entry start */
    int              contwr;         /* continued write of in-core log? */
    int              error;
    int              record_cnt = 0, data_cnt = 0;

    partial_copy_len = partial_copy = 0;

    /* Calculate potential maximum space.  Each region gets its own
     * xlog_op_header_t and may need to be double word aligned.
     */
    len = 0;
    if (ticket->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_INITED) {    /* acct for start rec of xact */
        len += sizeof(xlog_op_header_t);
        XLOG_TIC_ADD_OPHDR(ticket);
    }

    for (index = 0; index < nentries; index++) {
        len += sizeof(xlog_op_header_t);            /* each region gets >= 1 */
        XLOG_TIC_ADD_OPHDR(ticket);
        len += reg[index].i_len;
        XLOG_TIC_ADD_REGION(ticket, reg[index].i_len, reg[index].i_type);
    }
    contwr = *start_lsn = 0;

    if (ticket->t_curr_res < len) {
        xlog_print_tic_res(mp, ticket);
#ifdef DEBUG
        xlog_panic(
                "xfs_log_write: reservation ran out. Need to up reservation");
#else
        /* Customer configurable panic */
        xfs_cmn_err(XFS_PTAG_LOGRES, CE_ALERT, mp,
                "xfs_log_write: reservation ran out. Need to up reservation");
        /* If we did not panic, shutdown the filesystem */
        xfs_force_shutdown(mp, SHUTDOWN_CORRUPT_INCORE);
#endif
    } else
        ticket->t_curr_res -= len;

    for (index = 0; index < nentries; ) {
        if ((error = xlog_state_get_iclog_space(log, len, &iclog, ticket,
                                               &contwr, &log_offset)))
                return error;

        ASSERT(log_offset <= iclog->ic_size - 1);
        ptr = (__psint_t) ((char *)iclog->ic_datap+log_offset);

        /* start_lsn is the first lsn written to. That's all we need. */
        if (! *start_lsn)
            *start_lsn = INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_lsn, ARCH_CONVERT);

        /* This loop writes out as many regions as can fit in the amount
         * of space which was allocated by xlog_state_get_iclog_space().
         */
        while (index < nentries) {
            ASSERT(reg[index].i_len % sizeof(__int32_t) == 0);
            ASSERT((__psint_t)ptr % sizeof(__int32_t) == 0);
            start_rec_copy = 0;

            /* If first write for transaction, insert start record.
             * We can't be trying to commit if we are inited.  We can't
             * have any "partial_copy" if we are inited.
             */
            if (ticket->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_INITED) {
                logop_head              = (xlog_op_header_t *)ptr;
                INT_SET(logop_head->oh_tid, ARCH_CONVERT, ticket->t_tid);
                logop_head->oh_clientid = ticket->t_clientid;
                logop_head->oh_len      = 0;
                logop_head->oh_flags    = XLOG_START_TRANS;
                logop_head->oh_res2     = 0;
                ticket->t_flags         &= ~XLOG_TIC_INITED;    /* clear bit */
                record_cnt++;

                start_rec_copy = sizeof(xlog_op_header_t);
                xlog_write_adv_cnt(ptr, len, log_offset, start_rec_copy);
            }

            /* Copy log operation header directly into data section */
            logop_head                  = (xlog_op_header_t *)ptr;
            INT_SET(logop_head->oh_tid, ARCH_CONVERT, ticket->t_tid);
            logop_head->oh_clientid     = ticket->t_clientid;
            logop_head->oh_res2         = 0;

            /* header copied directly */
            xlog_write_adv_cnt(ptr, len, log_offset, sizeof(xlog_op_header_t));

            /* are we copying a commit or unmount record? */
            logop_head->oh_flags = flags;

            /*
             * We've seen logs corrupted with bad transaction client
             * ids.  This makes sure that XFS doesn't generate them on.
             * Turn this into an EIO and shut down the filesystem.
             */
            switch (logop_head->oh_clientid)  {
            case XFS_TRANSACTION:
            case XFS_VOLUME:
            case XFS_LOG:
                break;
            default:
                xfs_fs_cmn_err(CE_WARN, mp,
                    "Bad XFS transaction clientid 0x%x in ticket 0x%p",
                    logop_head->oh_clientid, tic);
                return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
            }

            /* Partial write last time? => (partial_copy != 0)
             * need_copy is the amount we'd like to copy if everything could
             * fit in the current memcpy.
             */
            need_copy = reg[index].i_len - partial_copy_len;

            copy_off = partial_copy_len;
            if (need_copy <= iclog->ic_size - log_offset) { /*complete write */
                INT_SET(logop_head->oh_len, ARCH_CONVERT, copy_len = need_copy);
                if (partial_copy)
                    logop_head->oh_flags|= (XLOG_END_TRANS|XLOG_WAS_CONT_TRANS);
                partial_copy_len = partial_copy = 0;
            } else {                                        /* partial write */
                copy_len = iclog->ic_size - log_offset;
                INT_SET(logop_head->oh_len, ARCH_CONVERT, copy_len);
                logop_head->oh_flags |= XLOG_CONTINUE_TRANS;
                if (partial_copy)
                        logop_head->oh_flags |= XLOG_WAS_CONT_TRANS;
                partial_copy_len += copy_len;
                partial_copy++;
                len += sizeof(xlog_op_header_t); /* from splitting of region */
                /* account for new log op header */
                ticket->t_curr_res -= sizeof(xlog_op_header_t);
                XLOG_TIC_ADD_OPHDR(ticket);
            }
            xlog_verify_dest_ptr(log, ptr);

            /* copy region */
            ASSERT(copy_len >= 0);
            memcpy((xfs_caddr_t)ptr, reg[index].i_addr + copy_off, copy_len);
            xlog_write_adv_cnt(ptr, len, log_offset, copy_len);

            /* make copy_len total bytes copied, including headers */
            copy_len += start_rec_copy + sizeof(xlog_op_header_t);
            record_cnt++;
            data_cnt += contwr ? copy_len : 0;
            if (partial_copy) {                 /* copied partial region */
                    /* already marked WANT_SYNC by xlog_state_get_iclog_space */
                    xlog_state_finish_copy(log, iclog, record_cnt, data_cnt);
                    record_cnt = data_cnt = 0;
                    if ((error = xlog_state_release_iclog(log, iclog)))
                            return error;
                    break;                      /* don't increment index */
            } else {                            /* copied entire region */
                index++;
                partial_copy_len = partial_copy = 0;

                if (iclog->ic_size - log_offset <= sizeof(xlog_op_header_t)) {
                    xlog_state_finish_copy(log, iclog, record_cnt, data_cnt);
                    record_cnt = data_cnt = 0;
                    xlog_state_want_sync(log, iclog);
                    if (commit_iclog) {
                        ASSERT(flags & XLOG_COMMIT_TRANS);
                        *commit_iclog = iclog;
                    } else if ((error = xlog_state_release_iclog(log, iclog)))
                           return error;
                    if (index == nentries)
                            return 0;           /* we are done */
                    else
                            break;
                }
            } /* if (partial_copy) */
        } /* while (index < nentries) */
    } /* for (index = 0; index < nentries; ) */
    ASSERT(len == 0);

    xlog_state_finish_copy(log, iclog, record_cnt, data_cnt);
    if (commit_iclog) {
        ASSERT(flags & XLOG_COMMIT_TRANS);
        *commit_iclog = iclog;
        return 0;
    }
    return xlog_state_release_iclog(log, iclog);
}       /* xlog_write */


/*****************************************************************************
 *
 *              State Machine functions
 *
 *****************************************************************************
 */

/* Clean iclogs starting from the head.  This ordering must be
 * maintained, so an iclog doesn't become ACTIVE beyond one that
 * is SYNCING.  This is also required to maintain the notion that we use
 * a counting semaphore to hold off would be writers to the log when every
 * iclog is trying to sync to disk.
 *
 * State Change: DIRTY -> ACTIVE
 */
STATIC void
xlog_state_clean_log(xlog_t *log)
{
        xlog_in_core_t  *iclog;
        int changed = 0;

        iclog = log->l_iclog;
        do {
                if (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_DIRTY) {
                        iclog->ic_state = XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE;
                        iclog->ic_offset       = 0;
                        iclog->ic_callback      = NULL;   /* don't need to free */
                        /*
                         * If the number of ops in this iclog indicate it just
                         * contains the dummy transaction, we can
                         * change state into IDLE (the second time around).
                         * Otherwise we should change the state into
                         * NEED a dummy.
                         * We don't need to cover the dummy.
                         */
                        if (!changed &&
                           (INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_num_logops, ARCH_CONVERT) == XLOG_COVER_OPS)) {
                                changed = 1;
                        } else {
                                /*
                                 * We have two dirty iclogs so start over
                                 * This could also be num of ops indicates
                                 * this is not the dummy going out.
                                 */
                                changed = 2;
                        }
                        iclog->ic_header.h_num_logops = 0;
                        memset(iclog->ic_header.h_cycle_data, 0,
                              sizeof(iclog->ic_header.h_cycle_data));
                        iclog->ic_header.h_lsn = 0;
                } else if (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE)
                        /* do nothing */;
                else
                        break;  /* stop cleaning */
                iclog = iclog->ic_next;
        } while (iclog != log->l_iclog);

        /* log is locked when we are called */
        /*
         * Change state for the dummy log recording.
         * We usually go to NEED. But we go to NEED2 if the changed indicates
         * we are done writing the dummy record.
         * If we are done with the second dummy recored (DONE2), then
         * we go to IDLE.
         */
        if (changed) {
                switch (log->l_covered_state) {
                case XLOG_STATE_COVER_IDLE:
                case XLOG_STATE_COVER_NEED:
                case XLOG_STATE_COVER_NEED2:
                        log->l_covered_state = XLOG_STATE_COVER_NEED;
                        break;

                case XLOG_STATE_COVER_DONE:
                        if (changed == 1)
                                log->l_covered_state = XLOG_STATE_COVER_NEED2;
                        else
                                log->l_covered_state = XLOG_STATE_COVER_NEED;
                        break;

                case XLOG_STATE_COVER_DONE2:
                        if (changed == 1)
                                log->l_covered_state = XLOG_STATE_COVER_IDLE;
                        else
                                log->l_covered_state = XLOG_STATE_COVER_NEED;
                        break;

                default:
                        ASSERT(0);
                }
        }
}       /* xlog_state_clean_log */

STATIC xfs_lsn_t
xlog_get_lowest_lsn(
        xlog_t          *log)
{
        xlog_in_core_t  *lsn_log;
        xfs_lsn_t       lowest_lsn, lsn;

        lsn_log = log->l_iclog;
        lowest_lsn = 0;
        do {
            if (!(lsn_log->ic_state & (XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE|XLOG_STATE_DIRTY))) {
                lsn = INT_GET(lsn_log->ic_header.h_lsn, ARCH_CONVERT);
                if ((lsn && !lowest_lsn) ||
                    (XFS_LSN_CMP(lsn, lowest_lsn) < 0)) {
                        lowest_lsn = lsn;
                }
            }
            lsn_log = lsn_log->ic_next;
        } while (lsn_log != log->l_iclog);
        return lowest_lsn;
}


STATIC void
xlog_state_do_callback(
        xlog_t          *log,
        int             aborted,
        xlog_in_core_t  *ciclog)
{
        xlog_in_core_t     *iclog;
        xlog_in_core_t     *first_iclog;        /* used to know when we've
                                                 * processed all iclogs once */
        xfs_log_callback_t *cb, *cb_next;
        int                flushcnt = 0;
        xfs_lsn_t          lowest_lsn;
        int                ioerrors;    /* counter: iclogs with errors */
        int                loopdidcallbacks; /* flag: inner loop did callbacks*/
        int                funcdidcallbacks; /* flag: function did callbacks */
        int                repeats;     /* for issuing console warnings if
                                         * looping too many times */
        SPLDECL(s);

        s = LOG_LOCK(log);
        first_iclog = iclog = log->l_iclog;
        ioerrors = 0;
        funcdidcallbacks = 0;
        repeats = 0;

        do {
                /*
                 * Scan all iclogs starting with the one pointed to by the
                 * log.  Reset this starting point each time the log is
                 * unlocked (during callbacks).
                 *
                 * Keep looping through iclogs until one full pass is made
                 * without running any callbacks.
                 */
                first_iclog = log->l_iclog;
                iclog = log->l_iclog;
                loopdidcallbacks = 0;
                repeats++;

                do {

                        /* skip all iclogs in the ACTIVE & DIRTY states */
                        if (iclog->ic_state &
                            (XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE|XLOG_STATE_DIRTY)) {
                                iclog = iclog->ic_next;
                                continue;
                        }

                        /*
                         * Between marking a filesystem SHUTDOWN and stopping
                         * the log, we do flush all iclogs to disk (if there
                         * wasn't a log I/O error). So, we do want things to
                         * go smoothly in case of just a SHUTDOWN  w/o a
                         * LOG_IO_ERROR.
                         */
                        if (!(iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR)) {
                                /*
                                 * Can only perform callbacks in order.  Since
                                 * this iclog is not in the DONE_SYNC/
                                 * DO_CALLBACK state, we skip the rest and
                                 * just try to clean up.  If we set our iclog
                                 * to DO_CALLBACK, we will not process it when
                                 * we retry since a previous iclog is in the
                                 * CALLBACK and the state cannot change since
                                 * we are holding the LOG_LOCK.
                                 */
                                if (!(iclog->ic_state &
                                        (XLOG_STATE_DONE_SYNC |
                                                 XLOG_STATE_DO_CALLBACK))) {
                                        if (ciclog && (ciclog->ic_state ==
                                                        XLOG_STATE_DONE_SYNC)) {
                                                ciclog->ic_state = XLOG_STATE_DO_CALLBACK;
                                        }
                                        break;
                                }
                                /*
                                 * We now have an iclog that is in either the
                                 * DO_CALLBACK or DONE_SYNC states. The other
                                 * states (WANT_SYNC, SYNCING, or CALLBACK were
                                 * caught by the above if and are going to
                                 * clean (i.e. we aren't doing their callbacks)
                                 * see the above if.
                                 */

                                /*
                                 * We will do one more check here to see if we
                                 * have chased our tail around.
                                 */

                                lowest_lsn = xlog_get_lowest_lsn(log);
                                if (lowest_lsn && (
                                        XFS_LSN_CMP(
                                                lowest_lsn,
                                                INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_lsn, ARCH_CONVERT)
                                        )<0)) {
                                        iclog = iclog->ic_next;
                                        continue; /* Leave this iclog for
                                                   * another thread */
                                }

                                iclog->ic_state = XLOG_STATE_CALLBACK;

                                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);

                                /* l_last_sync_lsn field protected by
                                 * GRANT_LOCK. Don't worry about iclog's lsn.
                                 * No one else can be here except us.
                                 */
                                s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
                                ASSERT(XFS_LSN_CMP(
                                                log->l_last_sync_lsn,
                                                INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_lsn, ARCH_CONVERT)
                                        )<=0);
                                log->l_last_sync_lsn = INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_lsn, ARCH_CONVERT);
                                GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);

                                /*
                                 * Keep processing entries in the callback list
                                 * until we come around and it is empty.  We
                                 * need to atomically see that the list is
                                 * empty and change the state to DIRTY so that
                                 * we don't miss any more callbacks being added.
                                 */
                                s = LOG_LOCK(log);
                        } else {
                                ioerrors++;
                        }
                        cb = iclog->ic_callback;

                        while (cb != 0) {
                                iclog->ic_callback_tail = &(iclog->ic_callback);
                                iclog->ic_callback = NULL;
                                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);

                                /* perform callbacks in the order given */
                                for (; cb != 0; cb = cb_next) {
                                        cb_next = cb->cb_next;
                                        cb->cb_func(cb->cb_arg, aborted);
                                }
                                s = LOG_LOCK(log);
                                cb = iclog->ic_callback;
                        }

                        loopdidcallbacks++;
                        funcdidcallbacks++;

                        ASSERT(iclog->ic_callback == 0);
                        if (!(iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR))
                                iclog->ic_state = XLOG_STATE_DIRTY;

                        /*
                         * Transition from DIRTY to ACTIVE if applicable.
                         * NOP if STATE_IOERROR.
                         */
                        xlog_state_clean_log(log);

                        /* wake up threads waiting in xfs_log_force() */
                        sv_broadcast(&iclog->ic_forcesema);

                        iclog = iclog->ic_next;
                } while (first_iclog != iclog);

                if (repeats > 5000) {
                        flushcnt += repeats;
                        repeats = 0;
                        xfs_fs_cmn_err(CE_WARN, log->l_mp,
                                "%s: possible infinite loop (%d iterations)",
                                __FUNCTION__, flushcnt);
                }
        } while (!ioerrors && loopdidcallbacks);

        /*
         * make one last gasp attempt to see if iclogs are being left in
         * limbo..
         */
#ifdef DEBUG
        if (funcdidcallbacks) {
                first_iclog = iclog = log->l_iclog;
                do {
                        ASSERT(iclog->ic_state != XLOG_STATE_DO_CALLBACK);
                        /*
                         * Terminate the loop if iclogs are found in states
                         * which will cause other threads to clean up iclogs.
                         *
                         * SYNCING - i/o completion will go through logs
                         * DONE_SYNC - interrupt thread should be waiting for
                         *              LOG_LOCK
                         * IOERROR - give up hope all ye who enter here
                         */
                        if (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_WANT_SYNC ||
                            iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_SYNCING ||
                            iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_DONE_SYNC ||
                            iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_IOERROR )
                                break;
                        iclog = iclog->ic_next;
                } while (first_iclog != iclog);
        }
#endif

        flushcnt = 0;
        if (log->l_iclog->ic_state & (XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE|XLOG_STATE_IOERROR)) {
                flushcnt = log->l_flushcnt;
                log->l_flushcnt = 0;
        }
        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
        while (flushcnt--)
                vsema(&log->l_flushsema);
}       /* xlog_state_do_callback */


/*
 * Finish transitioning this iclog to the dirty state.
 *
 * Make sure that we completely execute this routine only when this is
 * the last call to the iclog.  There is a good chance that iclog flushes,
 * when we reach the end of the physical log, get turned into 2 separate
 * calls to bwrite.  Hence, one iclog flush could generate two calls to this
 * routine.  By using the reference count bwritecnt, we guarantee that only
 * the second completion goes through.
 *
 * Callbacks could take time, so they are done outside the scope of the
 * global state machine log lock.  Assume that the calls to cvsema won't
 * take a long time.  At least we know it won't sleep.
 */
void
xlog_state_done_syncing(
        xlog_in_core_t  *iclog,
        int             aborted)
{
        xlog_t             *log = iclog->ic_log;
        SPLDECL(s);

        s = LOG_LOCK(log);

        ASSERT(iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_SYNCING ||
               iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_IOERROR);
        ASSERT(iclog->ic_refcnt == 0);
        ASSERT(iclog->ic_bwritecnt == 1 || iclog->ic_bwritecnt == 2);


        /*
         * If we got an error, either on the first buffer, or in the case of
         * split log writes, on the second, we mark ALL iclogs STATE_IOERROR,
         * and none should ever be attempted to be written to disk
         * again.
         */
        if (iclog->ic_state != XLOG_STATE_IOERROR) {
                if (--iclog->ic_bwritecnt == 1) {
                        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                        return;
                }
                iclog->ic_state = XLOG_STATE_DONE_SYNC;
        }

        /*
         * Someone could be sleeping prior to writing out the next
         * iclog buffer, we wake them all, one will get to do the
         * I/O, the others get to wait for the result.
         */
        sv_broadcast(&iclog->ic_writesema);
        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
        xlog_state_do_callback(log, aborted, iclog);    /* also cleans log */
}       /* xlog_state_done_syncing */


/*
 * If the head of the in-core log ring is not (ACTIVE or DIRTY), then we must
 * sleep.  The flush semaphore is set to the number of in-core buffers and
 * decremented around disk syncing.  Therefore, if all buffers are syncing,
 * this semaphore will cause new writes to sleep until a sync completes.
 * Otherwise, this code just does p() followed by v().  This approximates
 * a sleep/wakeup except we can't race.
 *
 * The in-core logs are used in a circular fashion. They are not used
 * out-of-order even when an iclog past the head is free.
 *
 * return:
 *      * log_offset where xlog_write() can start writing into the in-core
 *              log's data space.
 *      * in-core log pointer to which xlog_write() should write.
 *      * boolean indicating this is a continued write to an in-core log.
 *              If this is the last write, then the in-core log's offset field
 *              needs to be incremented, depending on the amount of data which
 *              is copied.
 */
int
xlog_state_get_iclog_space(xlog_t         *log,
                           int            len,
                           xlog_in_core_t **iclogp,
                           xlog_ticket_t  *ticket,
                           int            *continued_write,
                           int            *logoffsetp)
{
        SPLDECL(s);
        int               log_offset;
        xlog_rec_header_t *head;
        xlog_in_core_t    *iclog;
        int               error;

restart:
        s = LOG_LOCK(log);
        if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log)) {
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
        }

        iclog = log->l_iclog;
        if (! (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE)) {
                log->l_flushcnt++;
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                xlog_trace_iclog(iclog, XLOG_TRACE_SLEEP_FLUSH);
                XFS_STATS_INC(xs_log_noiclogs);
                /* Ensure that log writes happen */
                psema(&log->l_flushsema, PINOD);
                goto restart;
        }
        ASSERT(iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE);
        head = &iclog->ic_header;

        iclog->ic_refcnt++;                     /* prevents sync */
        log_offset = iclog->ic_offset;

        /* On the 1st write to an iclog, figure out lsn.  This works
         * if iclogs marked XLOG_STATE_WANT_SYNC always write out what they are
         * committing to.  If the offset is set, that's how many blocks
         * must be written.
         */
        if (log_offset == 0) {
                ticket->t_curr_res -= log->l_iclog_hsize;
                XLOG_TIC_ADD_REGION(ticket,
                                    log->l_iclog_hsize,
                                    XLOG_REG_TYPE_LRHEADER);
                INT_SET(head->h_cycle, ARCH_CONVERT, log->l_curr_cycle);
                ASSIGN_LSN(head->h_lsn, log);
                ASSERT(log->l_curr_block >= 0);
        }

        /* If there is enough room to write everything, then do it.  Otherwise,
         * claim the rest of the region and make sure the XLOG_STATE_WANT_SYNC
         * bit is on, so this will get flushed out.  Don't update ic_offset
         * until you know exactly how many bytes get copied.  Therefore, wait
         * until later to update ic_offset.
         *
         * xlog_write() algorithm assumes that at least 2 xlog_op_header_t's
         * can fit into remaining data section.
         */
        if (iclog->ic_size - iclog->ic_offset < 2*sizeof(xlog_op_header_t)) {
                xlog_state_switch_iclogs(log, iclog, iclog->ic_size);

                /* If I'm the only one writing to this iclog, sync it to disk */
                if (iclog->ic_refcnt == 1) {
                        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                        if ((error = xlog_state_release_iclog(log, iclog)))
                                return error;
                } else {
                        iclog->ic_refcnt--;
                        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                }
                goto restart;
        }

        /* Do we have enough room to write the full amount in the remainder
         * of this iclog?  Or must we continue a write on the next iclog and
         * mark this iclog as completely taken?  In the case where we switch
         * iclogs (to mark it taken), this particular iclog will release/sync
         * to disk in xlog_write().
         */
        if (len <= iclog->ic_size - iclog->ic_offset) {
                *continued_write = 0;
                iclog->ic_offset += len;
        } else {
                *continued_write = 1;
                xlog_state_switch_iclogs(log, iclog, iclog->ic_size);
        }
        *iclogp = iclog;

        ASSERT(iclog->ic_offset <= iclog->ic_size);
        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);

        *logoffsetp = log_offset;
        return 0;
}       /* xlog_state_get_iclog_space */

/*
 * Atomically get the log space required for a log ticket.
 *
 * Once a ticket gets put onto the reserveq, it will only return after
 * the needed reservation is satisfied.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_grant_log_space(xlog_t        *log,
                     xlog_ticket_t *tic)
{
        int              free_bytes;
        int              need_bytes;
        SPLDECL(s);
#ifdef DEBUG
        xfs_lsn_t        tail_lsn;
#endif


#ifdef DEBUG
        if (log->l_flags & XLOG_ACTIVE_RECOVERY)
                panic("grant Recovery problem");
#endif

        /* Is there space or do we need to sleep? */
        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic, "xlog_grant_log_space: enter");

        /* something is already sleeping; insert new transaction at end */
        if (log->l_reserve_headq) {
                xlog_ins_ticketq(&log->l_reserve_headq, tic);
                xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic,
                                    "xlog_grant_log_space: sleep 1");
                /*
                 * Gotta check this before going to sleep, while we're
                 * holding the grant lock.
                 */
                if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log))
                        goto error_return;

                XFS_STATS_INC(xs_sleep_logspace);
                sv_wait(&tic->t_sema, PINOD|PLTWAIT, &log->l_grant_lock, s);
                /*
                 * If we got an error, and the filesystem is shutting down,
                 * we'll catch it down below. So just continue...
                 */
                xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic,
                                    "xlog_grant_log_space: wake 1");
                s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
        }
        if (tic->t_flags & XFS_LOG_PERM_RESERV)
                need_bytes = tic->t_unit_res*tic->t_ocnt;
        else
                need_bytes = tic->t_unit_res;

redo:
        if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log))
                goto error_return;

        free_bytes = xlog_space_left(log, log->l_grant_reserve_cycle,
                                     log->l_grant_reserve_bytes);
        if (free_bytes < need_bytes) {
                if ((tic->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_IN_Q) == 0)
                        xlog_ins_ticketq(&log->l_reserve_headq, tic);
                xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic,
                                    "xlog_grant_log_space: sleep 2");
                XFS_STATS_INC(xs_sleep_logspace);
                sv_wait(&tic->t_sema, PINOD|PLTWAIT, &log->l_grant_lock, s);

                if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log)) {
                        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
                        goto error_return;
                }

                xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic,
                                    "xlog_grant_log_space: wake 2");
                xlog_grant_push_ail(log->l_mp, need_bytes);
                s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
                goto redo;
        } else if (tic->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_IN_Q)
                xlog_del_ticketq(&log->l_reserve_headq, tic);

        /* we've got enough space */
        xlog_grant_add_space(log, need_bytes);
#ifdef DEBUG
        tail_lsn = log->l_tail_lsn;
        /*
         * Check to make sure the grant write head didn't just over lap the
         * tail.  If the cycles are the same, we can't be overlapping.
         * Otherwise, make sure that the cycles differ by exactly one and
         * check the byte count.
         */
        if (CYCLE_LSN(tail_lsn) != log->l_grant_write_cycle) {
                ASSERT(log->l_grant_write_cycle-1 == CYCLE_LSN(tail_lsn));
                ASSERT(log->l_grant_write_bytes <= BBTOB(BLOCK_LSN(tail_lsn)));
        }
#endif
        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic, "xlog_grant_log_space: exit");
        xlog_verify_grant_head(log, 1);
        GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);
        return 0;

 error_return:
        if (tic->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_IN_Q)
                xlog_del_ticketq(&log->l_reserve_headq, tic);
        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic, "xlog_grant_log_space: err_ret");
        /*
         * If we are failing, make sure the ticket doesn't have any
         * current reservations. We don't want to add this back when
         * the ticket/transaction gets cancelled.
         */
        tic->t_curr_res = 0;
        tic->t_cnt = 0; /* ungrant will give back unit_res * t_cnt. */
        GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);
        return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
}       /* xlog_grant_log_space */


/*
 * Replenish the byte reservation required by moving the grant write head.
 *
 *
 */
STATIC int
xlog_regrant_write_log_space(xlog_t        *log,
                             xlog_ticket_t *tic)
{
        SPLDECL(s);
        int             free_bytes, need_bytes;
        xlog_ticket_t   *ntic;
#ifdef DEBUG
        xfs_lsn_t       tail_lsn;
#endif

        tic->t_curr_res = tic->t_unit_res;
        XLOG_TIC_RESET_RES(tic);

        if (tic->t_cnt > 0)
                return 0;

#ifdef DEBUG
        if (log->l_flags & XLOG_ACTIVE_RECOVERY)
                panic("regrant Recovery problem");
#endif

        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic, "xlog_regrant_write_log_space: enter");

        if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log))
                goto error_return;

        /* If there are other waiters on the queue then give them a
         * chance at logspace before us. Wake up the first waiters,
         * if we do not wake up all the waiters then go to sleep waiting
         * for more free space, otherwise try to get some space for
         * this transaction.
         */

        if ((ntic = log->l_write_headq)) {
                free_bytes = xlog_space_left(log, log->l_grant_write_cycle,
                                             log->l_grant_write_bytes);
                do {
                        ASSERT(ntic->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_PERM_RESERV);

                        if (free_bytes < ntic->t_unit_res)
                                break;
                        free_bytes -= ntic->t_unit_res;
                        sv_signal(&ntic->t_sema);
                        ntic = ntic->t_next;
                } while (ntic != log->l_write_headq);

                if (ntic != log->l_write_headq) {
                        if ((tic->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_IN_Q) == 0)
                                xlog_ins_ticketq(&log->l_write_headq, tic);

                        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic,
                                    "xlog_regrant_write_log_space: sleep 1");
                        XFS_STATS_INC(xs_sleep_logspace);
                        sv_wait(&tic->t_sema, PINOD|PLTWAIT,
                                &log->l_grant_lock, s);

                        /* If we're shutting down, this tic is already
                         * off the queue */
                        if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log)) {
                                s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
                                goto error_return;
                        }

                        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic,
                                    "xlog_regrant_write_log_space: wake 1");
                        xlog_grant_push_ail(log->l_mp, tic->t_unit_res);
                        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
                }
        }

        need_bytes = tic->t_unit_res;

redo:
        if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log))
                goto error_return;

        free_bytes = xlog_space_left(log, log->l_grant_write_cycle,
                                     log->l_grant_write_bytes);
        if (free_bytes < need_bytes) {
                if ((tic->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_IN_Q) == 0)
                        xlog_ins_ticketq(&log->l_write_headq, tic);
                XFS_STATS_INC(xs_sleep_logspace);
                sv_wait(&tic->t_sema, PINOD|PLTWAIT, &log->l_grant_lock, s);

                /* If we're shutting down, this tic is already off the queue */
                if (XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log)) {
                        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
                        goto error_return;
                }

                xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic,
                                    "xlog_regrant_write_log_space: wake 2");
                xlog_grant_push_ail(log->l_mp, need_bytes);
                s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
                goto redo;
        } else if (tic->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_IN_Q)
                xlog_del_ticketq(&log->l_write_headq, tic);

        /* we've got enough space */
        xlog_grant_add_space_write(log, need_bytes);
#ifdef DEBUG
        tail_lsn = log->l_tail_lsn;
        if (CYCLE_LSN(tail_lsn) != log->l_grant_write_cycle) {
                ASSERT(log->l_grant_write_cycle-1 == CYCLE_LSN(tail_lsn));
                ASSERT(log->l_grant_write_bytes <= BBTOB(BLOCK_LSN(tail_lsn)));
        }
#endif

        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic, "xlog_regrant_write_log_space: exit");
        xlog_verify_grant_head(log, 1);
        GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);
        return 0;


 error_return:
        if (tic->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_IN_Q)
                xlog_del_ticketq(&log->l_reserve_headq, tic);
        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, tic, "xlog_regrant_write_log_space: err_ret");
        /*
         * If we are failing, make sure the ticket doesn't have any
         * current reservations. We don't want to add this back when
         * the ticket/transaction gets cancelled.
         */
        tic->t_curr_res = 0;
        tic->t_cnt = 0; /* ungrant will give back unit_res * t_cnt. */
        GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);
        return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
}       /* xlog_regrant_write_log_space */


/* The first cnt-1 times through here we don't need to
 * move the grant write head because the permanent
 * reservation has reserved cnt times the unit amount.
 * Release part of current permanent unit reservation and
 * reset current reservation to be one units worth.  Also
 * move grant reservation head forward.
 */
STATIC void
xlog_regrant_reserve_log_space(xlog_t        *log,
                               xlog_ticket_t *ticket)
{
        SPLDECL(s);

        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, ticket,
                            "xlog_regrant_reserve_log_space: enter");
        if (ticket->t_cnt > 0)
                ticket->t_cnt--;

        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
        xlog_grant_sub_space(log, ticket->t_curr_res);
        ticket->t_curr_res = ticket->t_unit_res;
        XLOG_TIC_RESET_RES(ticket);
        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, ticket,
                            "xlog_regrant_reserve_log_space: sub current res");
        xlog_verify_grant_head(log, 1);

        /* just return if we still have some of the pre-reserved space */
        if (ticket->t_cnt > 0) {
                GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);
                return;
        }

        xlog_grant_add_space_reserve(log, ticket->t_unit_res);
        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, ticket,
                            "xlog_regrant_reserve_log_space: exit");
        xlog_verify_grant_head(log, 0);
        GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);
        ticket->t_curr_res = ticket->t_unit_res;
        XLOG_TIC_RESET_RES(ticket);
}       /* xlog_regrant_reserve_log_space */


/*
 * Give back the space left from a reservation.
 *
 * All the information we need to make a correct determination of space left
 * is present.  For non-permanent reservations, things are quite easy.  The
 * count should have been decremented to zero.  We only need to deal with the
 * space remaining in the current reservation part of the ticket.  If the
 * ticket contains a permanent reservation, there may be left over space which
 * needs to be released.  A count of N means that N-1 refills of the current
 * reservation can be done before we need to ask for more space.  The first
 * one goes to fill up the first current reservation.  Once we run out of
 * space, the count will stay at zero and the only space remaining will be
 * in the current reservation field.
 */
STATIC void
xlog_ungrant_log_space(xlog_t        *log,
                       xlog_ticket_t *ticket)
{
        SPLDECL(s);

        if (ticket->t_cnt > 0)
                ticket->t_cnt--;

        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, ticket, "xlog_ungrant_log_space: enter");

        xlog_grant_sub_space(log, ticket->t_curr_res);

        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, ticket, "xlog_ungrant_log_space: sub current");

        /* If this is a permanent reservation ticket, we may be able to free
         * up more space based on the remaining count.
         */
        if (ticket->t_cnt > 0) {
                ASSERT(ticket->t_flags & XLOG_TIC_PERM_RESERV);
                xlog_grant_sub_space(log, ticket->t_unit_res*ticket->t_cnt);
        }

        xlog_trace_loggrant(log, ticket, "xlog_ungrant_log_space: exit");
        xlog_verify_grant_head(log, 1);
        GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);
        xfs_log_move_tail(log->l_mp, 1);
}       /* xlog_ungrant_log_space */


/*
 * Atomically put back used ticket.
 */
void
xlog_state_put_ticket(xlog_t        *log,
                      xlog_ticket_t *tic)
{
        unsigned long s;

        s = LOG_LOCK(log);
        xlog_ticket_put(log, tic);
        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
}       /* xlog_state_put_ticket */

/*
 * Flush iclog to disk if this is the last reference to the given iclog and
 * the WANT_SYNC bit is set.
 *
 * When this function is entered, the iclog is not necessarily in the
 * WANT_SYNC state.  It may be sitting around waiting to get filled.
 *
 *
 */
int
xlog_state_release_iclog(xlog_t         *log,
                         xlog_in_core_t *iclog)
{
        SPLDECL(s);
        int             sync = 0;       /* do we sync? */

        xlog_assign_tail_lsn(log->l_mp);

        s = LOG_LOCK(log);

        if (iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR) {
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
        }

        ASSERT(iclog->ic_refcnt > 0);
        ASSERT(iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE ||
               iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_WANT_SYNC);

        if (--iclog->ic_refcnt == 0 &&
            iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_WANT_SYNC) {
                sync++;
                iclog->ic_state = XLOG_STATE_SYNCING;
                INT_SET(iclog->ic_header.h_tail_lsn, ARCH_CONVERT, log->l_tail_lsn);
                xlog_verify_tail_lsn(log, iclog, log->l_tail_lsn);
                /* cycle incremented when incrementing curr_block */
        }

        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);

        /*
         * We let the log lock go, so it's possible that we hit a log I/O
         * error or some other SHUTDOWN condition that marks the iclog
         * as XLOG_STATE_IOERROR before the bwrite. However, we know that
         * this iclog has consistent data, so we ignore IOERROR
         * flags after this point.
         */
        if (sync) {
                return xlog_sync(log, iclog);
        }
        return 0;

}       /* xlog_state_release_iclog */


/*
 * This routine will mark the current iclog in the ring as WANT_SYNC
 * and move the current iclog pointer to the next iclog in the ring.
 * When this routine is called from xlog_state_get_iclog_space(), the
 * exact size of the iclog has not yet been determined.  All we know is
 * that every data block.  We have run out of space in this log record.
 */
STATIC void
xlog_state_switch_iclogs(xlog_t         *log,
                         xlog_in_core_t *iclog,
                         int            eventual_size)
{
        ASSERT(iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE);
        if (!eventual_size)
                eventual_size = iclog->ic_offset;
        iclog->ic_state = XLOG_STATE_WANT_SYNC;
        INT_SET(iclog->ic_header.h_prev_block, ARCH_CONVERT, log->l_prev_block);
        log->l_prev_block = log->l_curr_block;
        log->l_prev_cycle = log->l_curr_cycle;

        /* roll log?: ic_offset changed later */
        log->l_curr_block += BTOBB(eventual_size)+BTOBB(log->l_iclog_hsize);

        /* Round up to next log-sunit */
        if (XFS_SB_VERSION_HASLOGV2(&log->l_mp->m_sb) &&
            log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_logsunit > 1) {
                __uint32_t sunit_bb = BTOBB(log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_logsunit);
                log->l_curr_block = roundup(log->l_curr_block, sunit_bb);
        }

        if (log->l_curr_block >= log->l_logBBsize) {
                log->l_curr_cycle++;
                if (log->l_curr_cycle == XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM)
                        log->l_curr_cycle++;
                log->l_curr_block -= log->l_logBBsize;
                ASSERT(log->l_curr_block >= 0);
        }
        ASSERT(iclog == log->l_iclog);
        log->l_iclog = iclog->ic_next;
}       /* xlog_state_switch_iclogs */


/*
 * Write out all data in the in-core log as of this exact moment in time.
 *
 * Data may be written to the in-core log during this call.  However,
 * we don't guarantee this data will be written out.  A change from past
 * implementation means this routine will *not* write out zero length LRs.
 *
 * Basically, we try and perform an intelligent scan of the in-core logs.
 * If we determine there is no flushable data, we just return.  There is no
 * flushable data if:
 *
 *      1. the current iclog is active and has no data; the previous iclog
 *              is in the active or dirty state.
 *      2. the current iclog is drity, and the previous iclog is in the
 *              active or dirty state.
 *
 * We may sleep (call psema) if:
 *
 *      1. the current iclog is not in the active nor dirty state.
 *      2. the current iclog dirty, and the previous iclog is not in the
 *              active nor dirty state.
 *      3. the current iclog is active, and there is another thread writing
 *              to this particular iclog.
 *      4. a) the current iclog is active and has no other writers
 *         b) when we return from flushing out this iclog, it is still
 *              not in the active nor dirty state.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_state_sync_all(xlog_t *log, uint flags, int *log_flushed)
{
        xlog_in_core_t  *iclog;
        xfs_lsn_t       lsn;
        SPLDECL(s);

        s = LOG_LOCK(log);

        iclog = log->l_iclog;
        if (iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR) {
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
        }

        /* If the head iclog is not active nor dirty, we just attach
         * ourselves to the head and go to sleep.
         */
        if (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE ||
            iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_DIRTY) {
                /*
                 * If the head is dirty or (active and empty), then
                 * we need to look at the previous iclog.  If the previous
                 * iclog is active or dirty we are done.  There is nothing
                 * to sync out.  Otherwise, we attach ourselves to the
                 * previous iclog and go to sleep.
                 */
                if (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_DIRTY ||
                    (iclog->ic_refcnt == 0 && iclog->ic_offset == 0)) {
                        iclog = iclog->ic_prev;
                        if (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE ||
                            iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_DIRTY)
                                goto no_sleep;
                        else
                                goto maybe_sleep;
                } else {
                        if (iclog->ic_refcnt == 0) {
                                /* We are the only one with access to this
                                 * iclog.  Flush it out now.  There should
                                 * be a roundoff of zero to show that someone
                                 * has already taken care of the roundoff from
                                 * the previous sync.
                                 */
                                iclog->ic_refcnt++;
                                lsn = INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_lsn, ARCH_CONVERT);
                                xlog_state_switch_iclogs(log, iclog, 0);
                                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);

                                if (xlog_state_release_iclog(log, iclog))
                                        return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
                                *log_flushed = 1;
                                s = LOG_LOCK(log);
                                if (INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_lsn, ARCH_CONVERT) == lsn &&
                                    iclog->ic_state != XLOG_STATE_DIRTY)
                                        goto maybe_sleep;
                                else
                                        goto no_sleep;
                        } else {
                                /* Someone else is writing to this iclog.
                                 * Use its call to flush out the data.  However,
                                 * the other thread may not force out this LR,
                                 * so we mark it WANT_SYNC.
                                 */
                                xlog_state_switch_iclogs(log, iclog, 0);
                                goto maybe_sleep;
                        }
                }
        }

        /* By the time we come around again, the iclog could've been filled
         * which would give it another lsn.  If we have a new lsn, just
         * return because the relevant data has been flushed.
         */
maybe_sleep:
        if (flags & XFS_LOG_SYNC) {
                /*
                 * We must check if we're shutting down here, before
                 * we wait, while we're holding the LOG_LOCK.
                 * Then we check again after waking up, in case our
                 * sleep was disturbed by a bad news.
                 */
                if (iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR) {
                        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                        return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
                }
                XFS_STATS_INC(xs_log_force_sleep);
                sv_wait(&iclog->ic_forcesema, PINOD, &log->l_icloglock, s);
                /*
                 * No need to grab the log lock here since we're
                 * only deciding whether or not to return EIO
                 * and the memory read should be atomic.
                 */
                if (iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR)
                        return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
                *log_flushed = 1;

        } else {

no_sleep:
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
        }
        return 0;
}       /* xlog_state_sync_all */


/*
 * Used by code which implements synchronous log forces.
 *
 * Find in-core log with lsn.
 *      If it is in the DIRTY state, just return.
 *      If it is in the ACTIVE state, move the in-core log into the WANT_SYNC
 *              state and go to sleep or return.
 *      If it is in any other state, go to sleep or return.
 *
 * If filesystem activity goes to zero, the iclog will get flushed only by
 * bdflush().
 */
int
xlog_state_sync(xlog_t    *log,
                xfs_lsn_t lsn,
                uint      flags,
                int       *log_flushed)
{
    xlog_in_core_t      *iclog;
    int                 already_slept = 0;
    SPLDECL(s);


try_again:
    s = LOG_LOCK(log);
    iclog = log->l_iclog;

    if (iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR) {
            LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
            return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
    }

    do {
        if (INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_lsn, ARCH_CONVERT) != lsn) {
            iclog = iclog->ic_next;
            continue;
        }

        if (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_DIRTY) {
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                return 0;
        }

        if (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE) {
                /*
                 * We sleep here if we haven't already slept (e.g.
                 * this is the first time we've looked at the correct
                 * iclog buf) and the buffer before us is going to
                 * be sync'ed. The reason for this is that if we
                 * are doing sync transactions here, by waiting for
                 * the previous I/O to complete, we can allow a few
                 * more transactions into this iclog before we close
                 * it down.
                 *
                 * Otherwise, we mark the buffer WANT_SYNC, and bump
                 * up the refcnt so we can release the log (which drops
                 * the ref count).  The state switch keeps new transaction
                 * commits from using this buffer.  When the current commits
                 * finish writing into the buffer, the refcount will drop to
                 * zero and the buffer will go out then.
                 */
                if (!already_slept &&
                    (iclog->ic_prev->ic_state & (XLOG_STATE_WANT_SYNC |
                                                 XLOG_STATE_SYNCING))) {
                        ASSERT(!(iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR));
                        XFS_STATS_INC(xs_log_force_sleep);
                        sv_wait(&iclog->ic_prev->ic_writesema, PSWP,
                                &log->l_icloglock, s);
                        *log_flushed = 1;
                        already_slept = 1;
                        goto try_again;
                } else {
                        iclog->ic_refcnt++;
                        xlog_state_switch_iclogs(log, iclog, 0);
                        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                        if (xlog_state_release_iclog(log, iclog))
                                return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
                        *log_flushed = 1;
                        s = LOG_LOCK(log);
                }
        }

        if ((flags & XFS_LOG_SYNC) && /* sleep */
            !(iclog->ic_state & (XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE | XLOG_STATE_DIRTY))) {

                /*
                 * Don't wait on the forcesema if we know that we've
                 * gotten a log write error.
                 */
                if (iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR) {
                        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                        return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
                }
                XFS_STATS_INC(xs_log_force_sleep);
                sv_wait(&iclog->ic_forcesema, PSWP, &log->l_icloglock, s);
                /*
                 * No need to grab the log lock here since we're
                 * only deciding whether or not to return EIO
                 * and the memory read should be atomic.
                 */
                if (iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR)
                        return XFS_ERROR(EIO);
                *log_flushed = 1;
        } else {                /* just return */
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
        }
        return 0;

    } while (iclog != log->l_iclog);

    LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
    return 0;
}       /* xlog_state_sync */


/*
 * Called when we want to mark the current iclog as being ready to sync to
 * disk.
 */
void
xlog_state_want_sync(xlog_t *log, xlog_in_core_t *iclog)
{
        SPLDECL(s);

        s = LOG_LOCK(log);

        if (iclog->ic_state == XLOG_STATE_ACTIVE) {
                xlog_state_switch_iclogs(log, iclog, 0);
        } else {
                ASSERT(iclog->ic_state &
                        (XLOG_STATE_WANT_SYNC|XLOG_STATE_IOERROR));
        }

        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
}       /* xlog_state_want_sync */



/*****************************************************************************
 *
 *              TICKET functions
 *
 *****************************************************************************
 */

/*
 *      Algorithm doesn't take into account page size. ;-(
 */
STATIC void
xlog_state_ticket_alloc(xlog_t *log)
{
        xlog_ticket_t   *t_list;
        xlog_ticket_t   *next;
        xfs_caddr_t     buf;
        uint            i = (NBPP / sizeof(xlog_ticket_t)) - 2;
        SPLDECL(s);

        /*
         * The kmem_zalloc may sleep, so we shouldn't be holding the
         * global lock.  XXXmiken: may want to use zone allocator.
         */
        buf = (xfs_caddr_t) kmem_zalloc(NBPP, KM_SLEEP);

        s = LOG_LOCK(log);

        /* Attach 1st ticket to Q, so we can keep track of allocated memory */
        t_list = (xlog_ticket_t *)buf;
        t_list->t_next = log->l_unmount_free;
        log->l_unmount_free = t_list++;
        log->l_ticket_cnt++;
        log->l_ticket_tcnt++;

        /* Next ticket becomes first ticket attached to ticket free list */
        if (log->l_freelist != NULL) {
                ASSERT(log->l_tail != NULL);
                log->l_tail->t_next = t_list;
        } else {
                log->l_freelist = t_list;
        }
        log->l_ticket_cnt++;
        log->l_ticket_tcnt++;

        /* Cycle through rest of alloc'ed memory, building up free Q */
        for ( ; i > 0; i--) {
                next = t_list + 1;
                t_list->t_next = next;
                t_list = next;
                log->l_ticket_cnt++;
                log->l_ticket_tcnt++;
        }
        t_list->t_next = NULL;
        log->l_tail = t_list;
        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
}       /* xlog_state_ticket_alloc */


/*
 * Put ticket into free list
 *
 * Assumption: log lock is held around this call.
 */
STATIC void
xlog_ticket_put(xlog_t          *log,
                xlog_ticket_t   *ticket)
{
        sv_destroy(&ticket->t_sema);

        /*
         * Don't think caching will make that much difference.  It's
         * more important to make debug easier.
         */
#if 0
        /* real code will want to use LIFO for caching */
        ticket->t_next = log->l_freelist;
        log->l_freelist = ticket;
        /* no need to clear fields */
#else
        /* When we debug, it is easier if tickets are cycled */
        ticket->t_next     = NULL;
        if (log->l_tail != 0) {
                log->l_tail->t_next = ticket;
        } else {
                ASSERT(log->l_freelist == 0);
                log->l_freelist = ticket;
        }
        log->l_tail         = ticket;
#endif /* DEBUG */
        log->l_ticket_cnt++;
}       /* xlog_ticket_put */


/*
 * Grab ticket off freelist or allocation some more
 */
xlog_ticket_t *
xlog_ticket_get(xlog_t          *log,
                int             unit_bytes,
                int             cnt,
                char            client,
                uint            xflags)
{
        xlog_ticket_t   *tic;
        uint            num_headers;
        SPLDECL(s);

 alloc:
        if (log->l_freelist == NULL)
                xlog_state_ticket_alloc(log);           /* potentially sleep */

        s = LOG_LOCK(log);
        if (log->l_freelist == NULL) {
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
                goto alloc;
        }
        tic             = log->l_freelist;
        log->l_freelist = tic->t_next;
        if (log->l_freelist == NULL)
                log->l_tail = NULL;
        log->l_ticket_cnt--;
        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);

        /*
         * Permanent reservations have up to 'cnt'-1 active log operations
         * in the log.  A unit in this case is the amount of space for one
         * of these log operations.  Normal reservations have a cnt of 1
         * and their unit amount is the total amount of space required.
         *
         * The following lines of code account for non-transaction data
         * which occupy space in the on-disk log.
         *
         * Normal form of a transaction is:
         * <oph><trans-hdr><start-oph><reg1-oph><reg1><reg2-oph>...<commit-oph>
         * and then there are LR hdrs, split-recs and roundoff at end of syncs.
         *
         * We need to account for all the leadup data and trailer data
         * around the transaction data.
         * And then we need to account for the worst case in terms of using
         * more space.
         * The worst case will happen if:
         * - the placement of the transaction happens to be such that the
         *   roundoff is at its maximum
         * - the transaction data is synced before the commit record is synced
         *   i.e. <transaction-data><roundoff> | <commit-rec><roundoff>
         *   Therefore the commit record is in its own Log Record.
         *   This can happen as the commit record is called with its
         *   own region to xlog_write().
         *   This then means that in the worst case, roundoff can happen for
         *   the commit-rec as well.
         *   The commit-rec is smaller than padding in this scenario and so it is
         *   not added separately.
         */

        /* for trans header */
        unit_bytes += sizeof(xlog_op_header_t);
        unit_bytes += sizeof(xfs_trans_header_t);

        /* for start-rec */
        unit_bytes += sizeof(xlog_op_header_t);

        /* for LR headers */
        num_headers = ((unit_bytes + log->l_iclog_size-1) >> log->l_iclog_size_log);
        unit_bytes += log->l_iclog_hsize * num_headers;

        /* for commit-rec LR header - note: padding will subsume the ophdr */
        unit_bytes += log->l_iclog_hsize;

        /* for split-recs - ophdrs added when data split over LRs */
        unit_bytes += sizeof(xlog_op_header_t) * num_headers;

        /* for roundoff padding for transaction data and one for commit record */
        if (XFS_SB_VERSION_HASLOGV2(&log->l_mp->m_sb) &&
            log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_logsunit > 1) {
                /* log su roundoff */
                unit_bytes += 2*log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_logsunit;
        } else {
                /* BB roundoff */
                unit_bytes += 2*BBSIZE;
        }

        tic->t_unit_res         = unit_bytes;
        tic->t_curr_res         = unit_bytes;
        tic->t_cnt              = cnt;
        tic->t_ocnt             = cnt;
        tic->t_tid              = (xlog_tid_t)((__psint_t)tic & 0xffffffff);
        tic->t_clientid         = client;
        tic->t_flags            = XLOG_TIC_INITED;
        tic->t_trans_type       = 0;
        if (xflags & XFS_LOG_PERM_RESERV)
                tic->t_flags |= XLOG_TIC_PERM_RESERV;
        sv_init(&(tic->t_sema), SV_DEFAULT, "logtick");

        XLOG_TIC_RESET_RES(tic);

        return tic;
}       /* xlog_ticket_get */


/******************************************************************************
 *
 *              Log debug routines
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */
#if defined(DEBUG)
/*
 * Make sure that the destination ptr is within the valid data region of
 * one of the iclogs.  This uses backup pointers stored in a different
 * part of the log in case we trash the log structure.
 */
void
xlog_verify_dest_ptr(xlog_t     *log,
                     __psint_t  ptr)
{
        int i;
        int good_ptr = 0;

        for (i=0; i < log->l_iclog_bufs; i++) {
                if (ptr >= (__psint_t)log->l_iclog_bak[i] &&
                    ptr <= (__psint_t)log->l_iclog_bak[i]+log->l_iclog_size)
                        good_ptr++;
        }
        if (! good_ptr)
                xlog_panic("xlog_verify_dest_ptr: invalid ptr");
}       /* xlog_verify_dest_ptr */

STATIC void
xlog_verify_grant_head(xlog_t *log, int equals)
{
    if (log->l_grant_reserve_cycle == log->l_grant_write_cycle) {
        if (equals)
            ASSERT(log->l_grant_reserve_bytes >= log->l_grant_write_bytes);
        else
            ASSERT(log->l_grant_reserve_bytes > log->l_grant_write_bytes);
    } else {
        ASSERT(log->l_grant_reserve_cycle-1 == log->l_grant_write_cycle);
        ASSERT(log->l_grant_write_bytes >= log->l_grant_reserve_bytes);
    }
}       /* xlog_verify_grant_head */

/* check if it will fit */
STATIC void
xlog_verify_tail_lsn(xlog_t         *log,
                     xlog_in_core_t *iclog,
                     xfs_lsn_t      tail_lsn)
{
    int blocks;

    if (CYCLE_LSN(tail_lsn) == log->l_prev_cycle) {
        blocks =
            log->l_logBBsize - (log->l_prev_block - BLOCK_LSN(tail_lsn));
        if (blocks < BTOBB(iclog->ic_offset)+BTOBB(log->l_iclog_hsize))
            xlog_panic("xlog_verify_tail_lsn: ran out of log space");
    } else {
        ASSERT(CYCLE_LSN(tail_lsn)+1 == log->l_prev_cycle);

        if (BLOCK_LSN(tail_lsn) == log->l_prev_block)
            xlog_panic("xlog_verify_tail_lsn: tail wrapped");

        blocks = BLOCK_LSN(tail_lsn) - log->l_prev_block;
        if (blocks < BTOBB(iclog->ic_offset) + 1)
            xlog_panic("xlog_verify_tail_lsn: ran out of log space");
    }
}       /* xlog_verify_tail_lsn */

/*
 * Perform a number of checks on the iclog before writing to disk.
 *
 * 1. Make sure the iclogs are still circular
 * 2. Make sure we have a good magic number
 * 3. Make sure we don't have magic numbers in the data
 * 4. Check fields of each log operation header for:
 *      A. Valid client identifier
 *      B. tid ptr value falls in valid ptr space (user space code)
 *      C. Length in log record header is correct according to the
 *              individual operation headers within record.
 * 5. When a bwrite will occur within 5 blocks of the front of the physical
 *      log, check the preceding blocks of the physical log to make sure all
 *      the cycle numbers agree with the current cycle number.
 */
STATIC void
xlog_verify_iclog(xlog_t         *log,
                  xlog_in_core_t *iclog,
                  int            count,
                  boolean_t      syncing)
{
        xlog_op_header_t        *ophead;
        xlog_in_core_t          *icptr;
        xlog_in_core_2_t        *xhdr;
        xfs_caddr_t             ptr;
        xfs_caddr_t             base_ptr;
        __psint_t               field_offset;
        __uint8_t               clientid;
        int                     len, i, j, k, op_len;
        int                     idx;
        SPLDECL(s);

        /* check validity of iclog pointers */
        s = LOG_LOCK(log);
        icptr = log->l_iclog;
        for (i=0; i < log->l_iclog_bufs; i++) {
                if (icptr == 0)
                        xlog_panic("xlog_verify_iclog: invalid ptr");
                icptr = icptr->ic_next;
        }
        if (icptr != log->l_iclog)
                xlog_panic("xlog_verify_iclog: corrupt iclog ring");
        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);

        /* check log magic numbers */
        ptr = (xfs_caddr_t) &(iclog->ic_header);
        if (INT_GET(*(uint *)ptr, ARCH_CONVERT) != XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM)
                xlog_panic("xlog_verify_iclog: invalid magic num");

        for (ptr += BBSIZE; ptr < ((xfs_caddr_t)&(iclog->ic_header))+count;
             ptr += BBSIZE) {
                if (INT_GET(*(uint *)ptr, ARCH_CONVERT) == XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM)
                        xlog_panic("xlog_verify_iclog: unexpected magic num");
        }

        /* check fields */
        len = INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_num_logops, ARCH_CONVERT);
        ptr = iclog->ic_datap;
        base_ptr = ptr;
        ophead = (xlog_op_header_t *)ptr;
        xhdr = (xlog_in_core_2_t *)&iclog->ic_header;
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                ophead = (xlog_op_header_t *)ptr;

                /* clientid is only 1 byte */
                field_offset = (__psint_t)
                               ((xfs_caddr_t)&(ophead->oh_clientid) - base_ptr);
                if (syncing == B_FALSE || (field_offset & 0x1ff)) {
                        clientid = ophead->oh_clientid;
                } else {
                        idx = BTOBBT((xfs_caddr_t)&(ophead->oh_clientid) - iclog->ic_datap);
                        if (idx >= (XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE / BBSIZE)) {
                                j = idx / (XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE / BBSIZE);
                                k = idx % (XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE / BBSIZE);
                                clientid = GET_CLIENT_ID(xhdr[j].hic_xheader.xh_cycle_data[k], ARCH_CONVERT);
                        } else {
                                clientid = GET_CLIENT_ID(iclog->ic_header.h_cycle_data[idx], ARCH_CONVERT);
                        }
                }
                if (clientid != XFS_TRANSACTION && clientid != XFS_LOG)
                        cmn_err(CE_WARN, "xlog_verify_iclog: "
                                "invalid clientid %d op 0x%p offset 0x%lx",
                                clientid, ophead, (unsigned long)field_offset);

                /* check length */
                field_offset = (__psint_t)
                               ((xfs_caddr_t)&(ophead->oh_len) - base_ptr);
                if (syncing == B_FALSE || (field_offset & 0x1ff)) {
                        op_len = INT_GET(ophead->oh_len, ARCH_CONVERT);
                } else {
                        idx = BTOBBT((__psint_t)&ophead->oh_len -
                                    (__psint_t)iclog->ic_datap);
                        if (idx >= (XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE / BBSIZE)) {
                                j = idx / (XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE / BBSIZE);
                                k = idx % (XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE / BBSIZE);
                                op_len = INT_GET(xhdr[j].hic_xheader.xh_cycle_data[k], ARCH_CONVERT);
                        } else {
                                op_len = INT_GET(iclog->ic_header.h_cycle_data[idx], ARCH_CONVERT);
                        }
                }
                ptr += sizeof(xlog_op_header_t) + op_len;
        }
}       /* xlog_verify_iclog */
#endif

/*
 * Mark all iclogs IOERROR. LOG_LOCK is held by the caller.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_state_ioerror(
        xlog_t  *log)
{
        xlog_in_core_t  *iclog, *ic;

        iclog = log->l_iclog;
        if (! (iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR)) {
                /*
                 * Mark all the incore logs IOERROR.
                 * From now on, no log flushes will result.
                 */
                ic = iclog;
                do {
                        ic->ic_state = XLOG_STATE_IOERROR;
                        ic = ic->ic_next;
                } while (ic != iclog);
                return 0;
        }
        /*
         * Return non-zero, if state transition has already happened.
         */
        return 1;
}

/*
 * This is called from xfs_force_shutdown, when we're forcibly
 * shutting down the filesystem, typically because of an IO error.
 * Our main objectives here are to make sure that:
 *      a. the filesystem gets marked 'SHUTDOWN' for all interested
 *         parties to find out, 'atomically'.
 *      b. those who're sleeping on log reservations, pinned objects and
 *          other resources get woken up, and be told the bad news.
 *      c. nothing new gets queued up after (a) and (b) are done.
 *      d. if !logerror, flush the iclogs to disk, then seal them off
 *         for business.
 */
int
xfs_log_force_umount(
        struct xfs_mount        *mp,
        int                     logerror)
{
        xlog_ticket_t   *tic;
        xlog_t          *log;
        int             retval;
        int             dummy;
        SPLDECL(s);
        SPLDECL(s2);

        log = mp->m_log;

        /*
         * If this happens during log recovery, don't worry about
         * locking; the log isn't open for business yet.
         */
        if (!log ||
            log->l_flags & XLOG_ACTIVE_RECOVERY) {
                mp->m_flags |= XFS_MOUNT_FS_SHUTDOWN;
                XFS_BUF_DONE(mp->m_sb_bp);
                return 0;
        }

        /*
         * Somebody could've already done the hard work for us.
         * No need to get locks for this.
         */
        if (logerror && log->l_iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR) {
                ASSERT(XLOG_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log));
                return 1;
        }
        retval = 0;
        /*
         * We must hold both the GRANT lock and the LOG lock,
         * before we mark the filesystem SHUTDOWN and wake
         * everybody up to tell the bad news.
         */
        s = GRANT_LOCK(log);
        s2 = LOG_LOCK(log);
        mp->m_flags |= XFS_MOUNT_FS_SHUTDOWN;
        XFS_BUF_DONE(mp->m_sb_bp);
        /*
         * This flag is sort of redundant because of the mount flag, but
         * it's good to maintain the separation between the log and the rest
         * of XFS.
         */
        log->l_flags |= XLOG_IO_ERROR;

        /*
         * If we hit a log error, we want to mark all the iclogs IOERROR
         * while we're still holding the loglock.
         */
        if (logerror)
                retval = xlog_state_ioerror(log);
        LOG_UNLOCK(log, s2);

        /*
         * We don't want anybody waiting for log reservations
         * after this. That means we have to wake up everybody
         * queued up on reserve_headq as well as write_headq.
         * In addition, we make sure in xlog_{re}grant_log_space
         * that we don't enqueue anything once the SHUTDOWN flag
         * is set, and this action is protected by the GRANTLOCK.
         */
        if ((tic = log->l_reserve_headq)) {
                do {
                        sv_signal(&tic->t_sema);
                        tic = tic->t_next;
                } while (tic != log->l_reserve_headq);
        }

        if ((tic = log->l_write_headq)) {
                do {
                        sv_signal(&tic->t_sema);
                        tic = tic->t_next;
                } while (tic != log->l_write_headq);
        }
        GRANT_UNLOCK(log, s);

        if (! (log->l_iclog->ic_state & XLOG_STATE_IOERROR)) {
                ASSERT(!logerror);
                /*
                 * Force the incore logs to disk before shutting the
                 * log down completely.
                 */
                xlog_state_sync_all(log, XFS_LOG_FORCE|XFS_LOG_SYNC, &dummy);
                s2 = LOG_LOCK(log);
                retval = xlog_state_ioerror(log);
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s2);
        }
        /*
         * Wake up everybody waiting on xfs_log_force.
         * Callback all log item committed functions as if the
         * log writes were completed.
         */
        xlog_state_do_callback(log, XFS_LI_ABORTED, NULL);

#ifdef XFSERRORDEBUG
        {
                xlog_in_core_t  *iclog;

                s = LOG_LOCK(log);
                iclog = log->l_iclog;
                do {
                        ASSERT(iclog->ic_callback == 0);
                        iclog = iclog->ic_next;
                } while (iclog != log->l_iclog);
                LOG_UNLOCK(log, s);
        }
#endif
        /* return non-zero if log IOERROR transition had already happened */
        return retval;
}

STATIC int
xlog_iclogs_empty(xlog_t *log)
{
        xlog_in_core_t  *iclog;

        iclog = log->l_iclog;
        do {
                /* endianness does not matter here, zero is zero in
                 * any language.
                 */
                if (iclog->ic_header.h_num_logops)
                        return 0;
                iclog = iclog->ic_next;
        } while (iclog != log->l_iclog);
        return 1;
}