2 * Handle the memory map.
3 * The functions here do the job until bootmem takes over.
4 * $Id: e820.c,v 1.4 2002/09/19 19:25:32 ak Exp $
6 * Getting sanitize_e820_map() in sync with i386 version by applying change:
7 * - Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
8 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
9 * Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
12 #include <linux/config.h>
13 #include <linux/kernel.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
16 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
17 #include <linux/ioport.h>
18 #include <linux/string.h>
19 #include <linux/kexec.h>
20 #include <linux/module.h>
24 #include <asm/proto.h>
25 #include <asm/bootsetup.h>
26 #include <asm/sections.h>
29 * PFN of last memory page.
31 unsigned long end_pfn;
32 EXPORT_SYMBOL(end_pfn);
35 * end_pfn only includes RAM, while end_pfn_map includes all e820 entries.
36 * The direct mapping extends to end_pfn_map, so that we can directly access
37 * apertures, ACPI and other tables without having to play with fixmaps.
39 unsigned long end_pfn_map;
42 * Last pfn which the user wants to use.
44 unsigned long end_user_pfn = MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT;
46 extern struct resource code_resource, data_resource;
48 /* Check for some hardcoded bad areas that early boot is not allowed to touch */
49 static inline int bad_addr(unsigned long *addrp, unsigned long size)
51 unsigned long addr = *addrp, last = addr + size;
53 /* various gunk below that needed for SMP startup */
59 /* direct mapping tables of the kernel */
60 if (last >= table_start<<PAGE_SHIFT && addr < table_end<<PAGE_SHIFT) {
61 *addrp = table_end << PAGE_SHIFT;
66 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
67 if (LOADER_TYPE && INITRD_START && last >= INITRD_START &&
68 addr < INITRD_START+INITRD_SIZE) {
69 *addrp = INITRD_START + INITRD_SIZE;
73 /* kernel code + 640k memory hole (later should not be needed, but
74 be paranoid for now) */
75 if (last >= 640*1024 && addr < __pa_symbol(&_end)) {
76 *addrp = __pa_symbol(&_end);
80 if (last >= ebda_addr && addr < ebda_addr + ebda_size) {
81 *addrp = ebda_addr + ebda_size;
85 /* XXX ramdisk image here? */
90 * This function checks if any part of the range <start,end> is mapped
94 e820_any_mapped(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned type)
97 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
98 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
99 if (type && ei->type != type)
101 if (ei->addr >= end || ei->addr + ei->size <= start)
109 * This function checks if the entire range <start,end> is mapped with type.
111 * Note: this function only works correct if the e820 table is sorted and
112 * not-overlapping, which is the case
114 int __init e820_all_mapped(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned type)
117 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
118 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
119 if (type && ei->type != type)
121 /* is the region (part) in overlap with the current region ?*/
122 if (ei->addr >= end || ei->addr + ei->size <= start)
125 /* if the region is at the beginning of <start,end> we move
126 * start to the end of the region since it's ok until there
128 if (ei->addr <= start)
129 start = ei->addr + ei->size;
130 /* if start is now at or beyond end, we're done, full coverage */
132 return 1; /* we're done */
138 * Find a free area in a specific range.
140 unsigned long __init find_e820_area(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned size)
143 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
144 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
145 unsigned long addr = ei->addr, last;
146 if (ei->type != E820_RAM)
150 if (addr > ei->addr + ei->size)
152 while (bad_addr(&addr, size) && addr+size <= ei->addr+ei->size)
155 if (last > ei->addr + ei->size)
165 * Free bootmem based on the e820 table for a node.
167 void __init e820_bootmem_free(pg_data_t *pgdat, unsigned long start,unsigned long end)
170 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
171 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
172 unsigned long last, addr;
174 if (ei->type != E820_RAM ||
175 ei->addr+ei->size <= start ||
179 addr = round_up(ei->addr, PAGE_SIZE);
183 last = round_down(ei->addr + ei->size, PAGE_SIZE);
187 if (last > addr && last-addr >= PAGE_SIZE)
188 free_bootmem_node(pgdat, addr, last-addr);
193 * Find the highest page frame number we have available
195 unsigned long __init e820_end_of_ram(void)
198 unsigned long end_pfn = 0;
200 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
201 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
202 unsigned long start, end;
204 start = round_up(ei->addr, PAGE_SIZE);
205 end = round_down(ei->addr + ei->size, PAGE_SIZE);
208 if (ei->type == E820_RAM) {
209 if (end > end_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT)
210 end_pfn = end>>PAGE_SHIFT;
212 if (end > end_pfn_map<<PAGE_SHIFT)
213 end_pfn_map = end>>PAGE_SHIFT;
217 if (end_pfn > end_pfn_map)
218 end_pfn_map = end_pfn;
219 if (end_pfn_map > MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT)
220 end_pfn_map = MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT;
221 if (end_pfn > end_user_pfn)
222 end_pfn = end_user_pfn;
223 if (end_pfn > end_pfn_map)
224 end_pfn = end_pfn_map;
230 * Compute how much memory is missing in a range.
231 * Unlike the other functions in this file the arguments are in page numbers.
234 e820_hole_size(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
236 unsigned long ram = 0;
237 unsigned long start = start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
238 unsigned long end = end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
240 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
241 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
242 unsigned long last, addr;
244 if (ei->type != E820_RAM ||
245 ei->addr+ei->size <= start ||
249 addr = round_up(ei->addr, PAGE_SIZE);
253 last = round_down(ei->addr + ei->size, PAGE_SIZE);
260 return ((end - start) - ram) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
264 * Mark e820 reserved areas as busy for the resource manager.
266 void __init e820_reserve_resources(void)
269 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
270 struct resource *res;
271 res = alloc_bootmem_low(sizeof(struct resource));
272 switch (e820.map[i].type) {
273 case E820_RAM: res->name = "System RAM"; break;
274 case E820_ACPI: res->name = "ACPI Tables"; break;
275 case E820_NVS: res->name = "ACPI Non-volatile Storage"; break;
276 default: res->name = "reserved";
278 res->start = e820.map[i].addr;
279 res->end = res->start + e820.map[i].size - 1;
280 res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
281 request_resource(&iomem_resource, res);
282 if (e820.map[i].type == E820_RAM) {
284 * We don't know which RAM region contains kernel data,
285 * so we try it repeatedly and let the resource manager
288 request_resource(res, &code_resource);
289 request_resource(res, &data_resource);
291 request_resource(res, &crashk_res);
298 * Add a memory region to the kernel e820 map.
300 void __init add_memory_region(unsigned long start, unsigned long size, int type)
305 printk(KERN_ERR "Ooops! Too many entries in the memory map!\n");
309 e820.map[x].addr = start;
310 e820.map[x].size = size;
311 e820.map[x].type = type;
315 void __init e820_print_map(char *who)
319 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
320 printk(" %s: %016Lx - %016Lx ", who,
321 (unsigned long long) e820.map[i].addr,
322 (unsigned long long) (e820.map[i].addr + e820.map[i].size));
323 switch (e820.map[i].type) {
324 case E820_RAM: printk("(usable)\n");
327 printk("(reserved)\n");
330 printk("(ACPI data)\n");
333 printk("(ACPI NVS)\n");
335 default: printk("type %u\n", e820.map[i].type);
342 * Sanitize the BIOS e820 map.
344 * Some e820 responses include overlapping entries. The following
345 * replaces the original e820 map with a new one, removing overlaps.
348 static int __init sanitize_e820_map(struct e820entry * biosmap, char * pnr_map)
350 struct change_member {
351 struct e820entry *pbios; /* pointer to original bios entry */
352 unsigned long long addr; /* address for this change point */
354 static struct change_member change_point_list[2*E820MAX] __initdata;
355 static struct change_member *change_point[2*E820MAX] __initdata;
356 static struct e820entry *overlap_list[E820MAX] __initdata;
357 static struct e820entry new_bios[E820MAX] __initdata;
358 struct change_member *change_tmp;
359 unsigned long current_type, last_type;
360 unsigned long long last_addr;
361 int chgidx, still_changing;
364 int old_nr, new_nr, chg_nr;
368 Visually we're performing the following (1,2,3,4 = memory types)...
370 Sample memory map (w/overlaps):
371 ____22__________________
372 ______________________4_
373 ____1111________________
374 _44_____________________
375 11111111________________
376 ____________________33__
377 ___________44___________
378 __________33333_________
379 ______________22________
380 ___________________2222_
381 _________111111111______
382 _____________________11_
383 _________________4______
385 Sanitized equivalent (no overlap):
386 1_______________________
387 _44_____________________
388 ___1____________________
389 ____22__________________
390 ______11________________
391 _________1______________
392 __________3_____________
393 ___________44___________
394 _____________33_________
395 _______________2________
396 ________________1_______
397 _________________4______
398 ___________________2____
399 ____________________33__
400 ______________________4_
403 /* if there's only one memory region, don't bother */
409 /* bail out if we find any unreasonable addresses in bios map */
410 for (i=0; i<old_nr; i++)
411 if (biosmap[i].addr + biosmap[i].size < biosmap[i].addr)
414 /* create pointers for initial change-point information (for sorting) */
415 for (i=0; i < 2*old_nr; i++)
416 change_point[i] = &change_point_list[i];
418 /* record all known change-points (starting and ending addresses),
419 omitting those that are for empty memory regions */
421 for (i=0; i < old_nr; i++) {
422 if (biosmap[i].size != 0) {
423 change_point[chgidx]->addr = biosmap[i].addr;
424 change_point[chgidx++]->pbios = &biosmap[i];
425 change_point[chgidx]->addr = biosmap[i].addr + biosmap[i].size;
426 change_point[chgidx++]->pbios = &biosmap[i];
431 /* sort change-point list by memory addresses (low -> high) */
433 while (still_changing) {
435 for (i=1; i < chg_nr; i++) {
436 /* if <current_addr> > <last_addr>, swap */
437 /* or, if current=<start_addr> & last=<end_addr>, swap */
438 if ((change_point[i]->addr < change_point[i-1]->addr) ||
439 ((change_point[i]->addr == change_point[i-1]->addr) &&
440 (change_point[i]->addr == change_point[i]->pbios->addr) &&
441 (change_point[i-1]->addr != change_point[i-1]->pbios->addr))
444 change_tmp = change_point[i];
445 change_point[i] = change_point[i-1];
446 change_point[i-1] = change_tmp;
452 /* create a new bios memory map, removing overlaps */
453 overlap_entries=0; /* number of entries in the overlap table */
454 new_bios_entry=0; /* index for creating new bios map entries */
455 last_type = 0; /* start with undefined memory type */
456 last_addr = 0; /* start with 0 as last starting address */
457 /* loop through change-points, determining affect on the new bios map */
458 for (chgidx=0; chgidx < chg_nr; chgidx++)
460 /* keep track of all overlapping bios entries */
461 if (change_point[chgidx]->addr == change_point[chgidx]->pbios->addr)
463 /* add map entry to overlap list (> 1 entry implies an overlap) */
464 overlap_list[overlap_entries++]=change_point[chgidx]->pbios;
468 /* remove entry from list (order independent, so swap with last) */
469 for (i=0; i<overlap_entries; i++)
471 if (overlap_list[i] == change_point[chgidx]->pbios)
472 overlap_list[i] = overlap_list[overlap_entries-1];
476 /* if there are overlapping entries, decide which "type" to use */
477 /* (larger value takes precedence -- 1=usable, 2,3,4,4+=unusable) */
479 for (i=0; i<overlap_entries; i++)
480 if (overlap_list[i]->type > current_type)
481 current_type = overlap_list[i]->type;
482 /* continue building up new bios map based on this information */
483 if (current_type != last_type) {
484 if (last_type != 0) {
485 new_bios[new_bios_entry].size =
486 change_point[chgidx]->addr - last_addr;
487 /* move forward only if the new size was non-zero */
488 if (new_bios[new_bios_entry].size != 0)
489 if (++new_bios_entry >= E820MAX)
490 break; /* no more space left for new bios entries */
492 if (current_type != 0) {
493 new_bios[new_bios_entry].addr = change_point[chgidx]->addr;
494 new_bios[new_bios_entry].type = current_type;
495 last_addr=change_point[chgidx]->addr;
497 last_type = current_type;
500 new_nr = new_bios_entry; /* retain count for new bios entries */
502 /* copy new bios mapping into original location */
503 memcpy(biosmap, new_bios, new_nr*sizeof(struct e820entry));
510 * Copy the BIOS e820 map into a safe place.
512 * Sanity-check it while we're at it..
514 * If we're lucky and live on a modern system, the setup code
515 * will have given us a memory map that we can use to properly
516 * set up memory. If we aren't, we'll fake a memory map.
518 * We check to see that the memory map contains at least 2 elements
519 * before we'll use it, because the detection code in setup.S may
520 * not be perfect and most every PC known to man has two memory
521 * regions: one from 0 to 640k, and one from 1mb up. (The IBM
522 * thinkpad 560x, for example, does not cooperate with the memory
525 static int __init copy_e820_map(struct e820entry * biosmap, int nr_map)
527 /* Only one memory region (or negative)? Ignore it */
532 unsigned long start = biosmap->addr;
533 unsigned long size = biosmap->size;
534 unsigned long end = start + size;
535 unsigned long type = biosmap->type;
537 /* Overflow in 64 bits? Ignore the memory map. */
542 * Some BIOSes claim RAM in the 640k - 1M region.
543 * Not right. Fix it up.
545 * This should be removed on Hammer which is supposed to not
546 * have non e820 covered ISA mappings there, but I had some strange
547 * problems so it stays for now. -AK
549 if (type == E820_RAM) {
550 if (start < 0x100000ULL && end > 0xA0000ULL) {
551 if (start < 0xA0000ULL)
552 add_memory_region(start, 0xA0000ULL-start, type);
553 if (end <= 0x100000ULL)
560 add_memory_region(start, size, type);
561 } while (biosmap++,--nr_map);
565 void __init setup_memory_region(void)
567 char *who = "BIOS-e820";
570 * Try to copy the BIOS-supplied E820-map.
572 * Otherwise fake a memory map; one section from 0k->640k,
573 * the next section from 1mb->appropriate_mem_k
575 sanitize_e820_map(E820_MAP, &E820_MAP_NR);
576 if (copy_e820_map(E820_MAP, E820_MAP_NR) < 0) {
577 unsigned long mem_size;
579 /* compare results from other methods and take the greater */
580 if (ALT_MEM_K < EXT_MEM_K) {
581 mem_size = EXT_MEM_K;
584 mem_size = ALT_MEM_K;
589 add_memory_region(0, LOWMEMSIZE(), E820_RAM);
590 add_memory_region(HIGH_MEMORY, mem_size << 10, E820_RAM);
592 printk(KERN_INFO "BIOS-provided physical RAM map:\n");
596 void __init parse_memopt(char *p, char **from)
598 end_user_pfn = memparse(p, from);
599 end_user_pfn >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
602 void __init parse_memmapopt(char *p, char **from)
604 unsigned long long start_at, mem_size;
606 mem_size = memparse(p, from);
609 start_at = memparse(p+1, from);
610 add_memory_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_RAM);
611 } else if (*p == '#') {
612 start_at = memparse(p+1, from);
613 add_memory_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_ACPI);
614 } else if (*p == '$') {
615 start_at = memparse(p+1, from);
616 add_memory_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_RESERVED);
618 end_user_pfn = (mem_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
623 unsigned long pci_mem_start = 0xaeedbabe;
626 * Search for the biggest gap in the low 32 bits of the e820
627 * memory space. We pass this space to PCI to assign MMIO resources
628 * for hotplug or unconfigured devices in.
629 * Hopefully the BIOS let enough space left.
631 __init void e820_setup_gap(void)
633 unsigned long gapstart, gapsize, round;
638 last = 0x100000000ull;
639 gapstart = 0x10000000;
643 unsigned long long start = e820.map[i].addr;
644 unsigned long long end = start + e820.map[i].size;
647 * Since "last" is at most 4GB, we know we'll
648 * fit in 32 bits if this condition is true
651 unsigned long gap = last - end;
664 gapstart = (end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) + 1024*1024;
665 printk(KERN_ERR "PCI: Warning: Cannot find a gap in the 32bit address range\n"
666 KERN_ERR "PCI: Unassigned devices with 32bit resource registers may break!\n");
670 * See how much we want to round up: start off with
671 * rounding to the next 1MB area.
674 while ((gapsize >> 4) > round)
676 /* Fun with two's complement */
677 pci_mem_start = (gapstart + round) & -round;
679 printk(KERN_INFO "Allocating PCI resources starting at %lx (gap: %lx:%lx)\n",
680 pci_mem_start, gapstart, gapsize);