2 * setup.S Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
4 * setup.s is responsible for getting the system data from the BIOS,
5 * and putting them into the appropriate places in system memory.
6 * both setup.s and system has been loaded by the bootblock.
8 * This code asks the bios for memory/disk/other parameters, and
9 * puts them in a "safe" place: 0x90000-0x901FF, ie where the
10 * boot-block used to be. It is then up to the protected mode
11 * system to read them from there before the area is overwritten
14 * Move PS/2 aux init code to psaux.c
15 * (troyer@saifr00.cfsat.Honeywell.COM) 03Oct92
17 * some changes and additional features by Christoph Niemann,
18 * March 1993/June 1994 (Christoph.Niemann@linux.org)
20 * add APM BIOS checking by Stephen Rothwell, May 1994
21 * (sfr@canb.auug.org.au)
23 * High load stuff, initrd support and position independency
24 * by Hans Lermen & Werner Almesberger, February 1996
25 * <lermen@elserv.ffm.fgan.de>, <almesber@lrc.epfl.ch>
27 * Video handling moved to video.S by Martin Mares, March 1996
28 * <mj@k332.feld.cvut.cz>
30 * Extended memory detection scheme retwiddled by orc@pell.chi.il.us (david
31 * parsons) to avoid loadlin confusion, July 1997
33 * Transcribed from Intel (as86) -> AT&T (gas) by Chris Noe, May 1999.
34 * <stiker@northlink.com>
36 * Fix to work around buggy BIOSes which don't use carry bit correctly
37 * and/or report extended memory in CX/DX for e801h memory size detection
38 * call. As a result the kernel got wrong figures. The int15/e801h docs
39 * from Ralf Brown interrupt list seem to indicate AX/BX should be used
40 * anyway. So to avoid breaking many machines (presumably there was a reason
41 * to orginally use CX/DX instead of AX/BX), we do a kludge to see
42 * if CX/DX have been changed in the e801 call and if so use AX/BX .
43 * Michael Miller, April 2001 <michaelm@mjmm.org>
45 * Added long mode checking and SSE force. March 2003, Andi Kleen.
48 #include <asm/segment.h>
49 #include <linux/utsrelease.h>
50 #include <linux/compile.h>
55 /* Signature words to ensure LILO loaded us right */
59 INITSEG = DEF_INITSEG # 0x9000, we move boot here, out of the way
60 SYSSEG = DEF_SYSSEG # 0x1000, system loaded at 0x10000 (65536).
61 SETUPSEG = DEF_SETUPSEG # 0x9020, this is the current segment
62 # ... and the former contents of CS
64 DELTA_INITSEG = SETUPSEG - INITSEG # 0x0020
67 .globl begtext, begdata, begbss, endtext, enddata, endbss
80 # This is the setup header, and it must start at %cs:2 (old 0x9020:2)
82 .ascii "HdrS" # header signature
83 .word 0x0204 # header version number (>= 0x0105)
84 # or else old loadlin-1.5 will fail)
85 realmode_swtch: .word 0, 0 # default_switch, SETUPSEG
86 start_sys_seg: .word SYSSEG
87 .word kernel_version # pointing to kernel version string
88 # above section of header is compatible
89 # with loadlin-1.5 (header v1.5). Don't
92 type_of_loader: .byte 0 # = 0, old one (LILO, Loadlin,
93 # Bootlin, SYSLX, bootsect...)
94 # See Documentation/i386/boot.txt for
97 # flags, unused bits must be zero (RFU) bit within loadflags
99 LOADED_HIGH = 1 # If set, the kernel is loaded high
100 CAN_USE_HEAP = 0x80 # If set, the loader also has set
101 # heap_end_ptr to tell how much
102 # space behind setup.S can be used for
104 # Only the loader knows what is free
105 #ifndef __BIG_KERNEL__
111 setup_move_size: .word 0x8000 # size to move, when setup is not
112 # loaded at 0x90000. We will move setup
113 # to 0x90000 then just before jumping
114 # into the kernel. However, only the
115 # loader knows how much data behind
116 # us also needs to be loaded.
118 code32_start: # here loaders can put a different
119 # start address for 32-bit code.
120 #ifndef __BIG_KERNEL__
121 .long 0x1000 # 0x1000 = default for zImage
123 .long 0x100000 # 0x100000 = default for big kernel
126 ramdisk_image: .long 0 # address of loaded ramdisk image
127 # Here the loader puts the 32-bit
128 # address where it loaded the image.
129 # This only will be read by the kernel.
131 ramdisk_size: .long 0 # its size in bytes
136 heap_end_ptr: .word modelist+1024 # (Header version 0x0201 or later)
137 # space from here (exclusive) down to
138 # end of setup code can be used by setup
139 # for local heap purposes.
142 cmd_line_ptr: .long 0 # (Header version 0x0202 or later)
143 # If nonzero, a 32-bit pointer
144 # to the kernel command line.
145 # The command line should be
146 # located between the start of
147 # setup and the end of low
148 # memory (0xa0000), or it may
149 # get overwritten before it
150 # gets read. If this field is
151 # used, there is no longer
152 # anything magical about the
153 # 0x90000 segment; the setup
154 # can be located anywhere in
155 # low memory 0x10000 or higher.
157 ramdisk_max: .long 0xffffffff
159 trampoline: call start_of_setup
161 # The offset at this point is 0x240
162 .space (0xeff-0x240+1) # E820 & EDD space (ending at 0xeff)
163 # End of setup header #####################################################
166 # Bootlin depends on this being done early
171 #ifdef SAFE_RESET_DISK_CONTROLLER
172 # Reset the disk controller.
178 # Set %ds = %cs, we know that SETUPSEG = %cs at this point
179 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
181 # Check signature at end of setup
182 cmpw $SIG1, setup_sig1
185 cmpw $SIG2, setup_sig2
190 # Routine to print asciiz string at ds:si
202 prtsp2: call prtspc # Print double space
203 prtspc: movb $0x20, %al # Print single space (note: fall-thru)
216 beep: movb $0x07, %al
219 no_sig_mess: .string "No setup signature found ..."
224 # We now have to find the rest of the setup code/data
226 movw %cs, %ax # SETUPSEG
227 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # INITSEG
230 movb (497), %bl # get setup sect from bootsect
231 subw $4, %bx # LILO loads 4 sectors of setup
232 shlw $8, %bx # convert to words (1sect=2^8 words)
234 shrw $3, %bx # convert to segment
236 movw %bx, %cs:start_sys_seg
237 # Move rest of setup code/data to here
238 movw $2048, %di # four sectors loaded by LILO
240 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
246 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
248 cmpw $SIG1, setup_sig1
251 cmpw $SIG2, setup_sig2
264 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
265 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG
267 # Check if an old loader tries to load a big-kernel
268 testb $LOADED_HIGH, %cs:loadflags # Do we have a big kernel?
269 jz loader_ok # No, no danger for old loaders.
271 cmpb $0, %cs:type_of_loader # Do we have a loader that
273 jnz loader_ok # Yes, continue.
275 pushw %cs # No, we have an old loader,
277 lea loader_panic_mess, %si
282 loader_panic_mess: .string "Wrong loader, giving up..."
285 /* check for long mode. */
286 /* we have to do this before the VESA setup, otherwise the user
287 can't see the error message. */
293 /* minimum CPUID flags for x86-64 */
294 /* see http://www.x86-64.org/lists/discuss/msg02971.html */
295 #define SSE_MASK ((1<<25)|(1<<26))
296 #define REQUIRED_MASK1 ((1<<0)|(1<<3)|(1<<4)|(1<<5)|(1<<6)|(1<<8)|\
297 (1<<13)|(1<<15)|(1<<24))
298 #define REQUIRED_MASK2 (1<<29)
300 pushfl /* standard way to check for cpuid */
309 jz no_longmode /* cpu has no cpuid */
313 jb no_longmode /* no cpuid 1 */
315 cmpl $0x68747541,%ebx /* AuthenticAMD */
317 cmpl $0x69746e65,%edx
319 cmpl $0x444d4163,%ecx
321 mov $1,%di /* cpu is from AMD */
325 andl $REQUIRED_MASK1,%edx
326 xorl $REQUIRED_MASK1,%edx
328 movl $0x80000000,%eax
330 cmpl $0x80000001,%eax
331 jb no_longmode /* no extended cpuid */
332 movl $0x80000001,%eax
334 andl $REQUIRED_MASK2,%edx
335 xorl $REQUIRED_MASK2,%edx
344 jz no_longmode /* only try to force SSE on AMD */
345 movl $0xc0010015,%ecx /* HWCR */
347 btr $15,%eax /* enable SSE */
349 xor %di,%di /* don't loop */
350 jmp sse_test /* try again */
353 lea long_mode_panic,%si
358 .string "Your CPU does not support long mode. Use a 32bit distribution."
364 # tell BIOS we want to go to long mode
365 movl $0xec00,%eax # declare target operating mode
366 movl $2,%ebx # long mode
369 # Get memory size (extended mem, kB)
373 #ifndef STANDARD_MEMORY_BIOS_CALL
375 # Try three different memory detection schemes. First, try
376 # e820h, which lets us assemble a memory map, then try e801h,
377 # which returns a 32-bit memory size, and finally 88h, which
381 # the memory map from hell. e820h returns memory classified into
382 # a whole bunch of different types, and allows memory holes and
383 # everything. We scan through this memory map and build a list
384 # of the first 32 memory areas, which we return at [E820MAP].
385 # This is documented at http://www.acpi.info/, in the ACPI 2.0 specification.
387 #define SMAP 0x534d4150
390 xorl %ebx, %ebx # continuation counter
391 movw $E820MAP, %di # point into the whitelist
392 # so we can have the bios
393 # directly write into it.
396 movl $0x0000e820, %eax # e820, upper word zeroed
397 movl $SMAP, %edx # ascii 'SMAP'
398 movl $20, %ecx # size of the e820rec
399 pushw %ds # data record.
401 int $0x15 # make the call
402 jc bail820 # fall to e801 if it fails
404 cmpl $SMAP, %eax # check the return is `SMAP'
405 jne bail820 # fall to e801 if it fails
407 # cmpl $1, 16(%di) # is this usable memory?
410 # If this is usable memory, we save it by simply advancing %di by
414 movb (E820NR), %al # up to 128 entries
423 cmpl $0, %ebx # check to see if
424 jne jmpe820 # %ebx is set to EOF
429 # memory size is in 1k chunksizes, to avoid confusing loadlin.
430 # we store the 0xe801 memory size in a completely different place,
431 # because it will most likely be longer than 16 bits.
432 # (use 1e0 because that's what Larry Augustine uses in his
433 # alternative new memory detection scheme, and it's sensible
434 # to write everything into the same place.)
437 stc # fix to work around buggy
438 xorw %cx,%cx # BIOSes which don't clear/set
439 xorw %dx,%dx # carry on pass/error of
440 # e801h memory size call
441 # or merely pass cx,dx though
442 # without changing them.
447 cmpw $0x0, %cx # Kludge to handle BIOSes
448 jne e801usecxdx # which report their extended
449 cmpw $0x0, %dx # memory in AX/BX rather than
450 jne e801usecxdx # CX/DX. The spec I have read
451 movw %ax, %cx # seems to indicate AX/BX
452 movw %bx, %dx # are more reasonable anyway...
455 andl $0xffff, %edx # clear sign extend
456 shll $6, %edx # and go from 64k to 1k chunks
457 movl %edx, (0x1e0) # store extended memory size
458 andl $0xffff, %ecx # clear sign extend
459 addl %ecx, (0x1e0) # and add lower memory into
462 # Ye Olde Traditional Methode. Returns the memory size (up to 16mb or
463 # 64mb, depending on the bios) in ax.
471 # Set the keyboard repeat rate to the max
476 # Check for video adapter and its parameters and allow the
477 # user to browse video modes.
478 call video # NOTE: we need %ds pointing
485 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
486 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG
504 # Check that there IS a hd1 :-)
514 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
515 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG
525 # Check for PS/2 pointing device
526 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
527 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG
529 movb $0, (0x1ff) # default is no pointing device
530 int $0x11 # int 0x11: equipment list
531 testb $0x04, %al # check if mouse installed
534 movb $0xAA, (0x1ff) # device present
537 #include "../../i386/boot/edd.S"
539 # Now we want to move to protected mode ...
540 cmpw $0, %cs:realmode_swtch
543 lcall *%cs:realmode_swtch
552 # we get the code32 start address and modify the below 'jmpi'
553 # (loader may have changed it)
554 movl %cs:code32_start, %eax
555 movl %eax, %cs:code32
557 # Now we move the system to its rightful place ... but we check if we have a
558 # big-kernel. In that case we *must* not move it ...
559 testb $LOADED_HIGH, %cs:loadflags
560 jz do_move0 # .. then we have a normal low
562 # .. or else we have a high
564 jmp end_move # ... and we skip moving
567 movw $0x100, %ax # start of destination segment
568 movw %cs, %bp # aka SETUPSEG
569 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %bp # aka INITSEG
570 movw %cs:start_sys_seg, %bx # start of source segment
573 movw %ax, %es # destination segment
574 incb %ah # instead of add ax,#0x100
575 movw %bx, %ds # source segment
582 cmpw %bp, %bx # assume start_sys_seg > 0x200,
583 # so we will perhaps read one
584 # page more than needed, but
585 # never overwrite INITSEG
586 # because destination is a
587 # minimum one page below source
591 # then we load the segment descriptors
592 movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG
595 # Check whether we need to be downward compatible with version <=201
596 cmpl $0, cmd_line_ptr
597 jne end_move_self # loader uses version >=202 features
598 cmpb $0x20, type_of_loader
599 je end_move_self # bootsect loader, we know of it
601 # Boot loader doesnt support boot protocol version 2.02.
602 # If we have our code not at 0x90000, we need to move it there now.
603 # We also then need to move the params behind it (commandline)
604 # Because we would overwrite the code on the current IP, we move
605 # it in two steps, jumping high after the first one.
610 cli # make sure we really have
611 # interrupts disabled !
612 # because after this the stack
614 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG
620 subw %ax, %dx # this will go into %ss after
624 movw $INITSEG, %ax # real INITSEG
626 movw %cs:setup_move_size, %cx
627 std # we have to move up, so we use
628 # direction down because the
633 subw $move_self_here+0x200, %cx
636 ljmp $SETUPSEG, $move_self_here
639 movw $move_self_here+0x200, %cx
645 end_move_self: # now we are at the right place
646 lidt idt_48 # load idt with 0,0
647 xorl %eax, %eax # Compute gdt_base
648 movw %ds, %ax # (Convert %ds:gdt to a linear ptr)
651 movl %eax, (gdt_48+2)
652 lgdt gdt_48 # load gdt with whatever is
655 # that was painless, now we enable a20
658 movb $0xD1, %al # command write
662 movb $0xDF, %al # A20 on
667 # You must preserve the other bits here. Otherwise embarrasing things
668 # like laptops powering off on boot happen. Corrected version by Kira
669 # Brown from Linux 2.2
672 orb $02, %al # "fast A20" version
673 outb %al, $0x92 # some chips have only this
675 # wait until a20 really *is* enabled; it can take a fair amount of
676 # time on certain systems; Toshiba Tecras are known to have this
677 # problem. The memory location used here (0x200) is the int 0x80
678 # vector, which should be safe to use.
680 xorw %ax, %ax # segment 0x0000
682 decw %ax # segment 0xffff (HMA)
685 incw %ax # unused memory location <0xfff0
686 movw %ax, %fs:(0x200) # we use the "int 0x80" vector
687 cmpw %gs:(0x210), %ax # and its corresponding HMA addr
688 je a20_wait # loop until no longer aliased
690 # make sure any possible coprocessor is properly reset..
698 # well, that went ok, I hope. Now we mask all interrupts - the rest
699 # is done in init_IRQ().
700 movb $0xFF, %al # mask all interrupts for now
704 movb $0xFB, %al # mask all irq's but irq2 which
705 outb %al, $0x21 # is cascaded
707 # Well, that certainly wasn't fun :-(. Hopefully it works, and we don't
708 # need no steenking BIOS anyway (except for the initial loading :-).
709 # The BIOS-routine wants lots of unnecessary data, and it's less
710 # "interesting" anyway. This is how REAL programmers do it.
712 # Well, now's the time to actually move into protected mode. To make
713 # things as simple as possible, we do no register set-up or anything,
714 # we let the gnu-compiled 32-bit programs do that. We just jump to
715 # absolute address 0x1000 (or the loader supplied one),
716 # in 32-bit protected mode.
718 # Note that the short jump isn't strictly needed, although there are
719 # reasons why it might be a good idea. It won't hurt in any case.
720 movw $1, %ax # protected mode (PE) bit
721 lmsw %ax # This is it!
725 xorw %bx, %bx # Flag to indicate a boot
726 xorl %esi, %esi # Pointer to real-mode code
728 subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %si
729 shll $4, %esi # Convert to 32-bit pointer
730 # NOTE: For high loaded big kernels we need a
731 # jmpi 0x100000,__KERNEL_CS
733 # but we yet haven't reloaded the CS register, so the default size
734 # of the target offset still is 16 bit.
735 # However, using an operand prefix (0x66), the CPU will properly
736 # take our 48 bit far pointer. (INTeL 80386 Programmer's Reference
737 # Manual, Mixing 16-bit and 32-bit code, page 16-6)
739 .byte 0x66, 0xea # prefix + jmpi-opcode
740 code32: .long 0x1000 # will be set to 0x100000
744 # Here's a bunch of information about your current kernel..
745 kernel_version: .ascii UTS_RELEASE
747 .ascii LINUX_COMPILE_BY
749 .ascii LINUX_COMPILE_HOST
754 # This is the default real mode switch routine.
755 # to be called just before protected mode transition
757 cli # no interrupts allowed !
758 movb $0x80, %al # disable NMI for bootup
764 # This routine checks that the keyboard command queue is empty
765 # (after emptying the output buffers)
767 # Some machines have delusions that the keyboard buffer is always full
768 # with no keyboard attached...
770 # If there is no keyboard controller, we will usually get 0xff
771 # to all the reads. With each IO taking a microsecond and
772 # a timeout of 100,000 iterations, this can take about half a
773 # second ("delay" == outb to port 0x80). That should be ok,
774 # and should also be plenty of time for a real keyboard controller
784 jz empty_8042_end_loop
788 inb $0x64, %al # 8042 status port
789 testb $1, %al # output buffer?
793 inb $0x60, %al # read it
797 testb $2, %al # is input buffer full?
798 jnz empty_8042_loop # yes - loop
803 # Read the cmos clock. Return the seconds in al
808 movb %dh, %al # %dh contains the seconds
817 # Delay is needed after doing I/O
824 .word 0, 0, 0, 0 # dummy
826 .word 0, 0, 0, 0 # unused
828 .word 0xFFFF # 4Gb - (0x100000*0x1000 = 4Gb)
829 .word 0 # base address = 0
830 .word 0x9A00 # code read/exec
831 .word 0x00CF # granularity = 4096, 386
832 # (+5th nibble of limit)
834 .word 0xFFFF # 4Gb - (0x100000*0x1000 = 4Gb)
835 .word 0 # base address = 0
836 .word 0x9200 # data read/write
837 .word 0x00CF # granularity = 4096, 386
838 # (+5th nibble of limit)
841 .word 0 # idt limit = 0
842 .word 0, 0 # idt base = 0L
844 .word gdt_end-gdt-1 # gdt limit
845 .word 0, 0 # gdt base (filled in later)
847 # Include video setup & detection code
851 # Setup signature -- must be last
852 setup_sig1: .word SIG1
853 setup_sig2: .word SIG2
855 # After this point, there is some free space which is used by the video mode
856 # handling code to store the temporary mode table (not used by the kernel).