4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 #include <linux/init.h>
9 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
10 #include <linux/slab.h>
11 #include <linux/string.h>
13 #include <linux/major.h>
14 #include <linux/errno.h>
15 #include <linux/module.h>
16 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
18 #include <linux/kobject.h>
19 #include <linux/kobj_map.h>
20 #include <linux/cdev.h>
21 #include <linux/mutex.h>
22 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
27 * capabilities for /dev/mem, /dev/kmem and similar directly mappable character
29 * - permits shared-mmap for read, write and/or exec
30 * - does not permit private mmap in NOMMU mode (can't do COW)
31 * - no readahead or I/O queue unplugging required
33 struct backing_dev_info directly_mappable_cdev_bdi = {
36 /* permit private copies of the data to be taken */
39 /* permit direct mmap, for read, write or exec */
41 BDI_CAP_READ_MAP | BDI_CAP_WRITE_MAP | BDI_CAP_EXEC_MAP),
44 static struct kobj_map *cdev_map;
46 static DEFINE_MUTEX(chrdevs_lock);
48 static struct char_device_struct {
49 struct char_device_struct *next;
51 unsigned int baseminor;
54 struct cdev *cdev; /* will die */
55 } *chrdevs[CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];
57 /* index in the above */
58 static inline int major_to_index(int major)
60 return major % CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
65 void chrdev_show(struct seq_file *f, off_t offset)
67 struct char_device_struct *cd;
69 if (offset < CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE) {
70 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
71 for (cd = chrdevs[offset]; cd; cd = cd->next)
72 seq_printf(f, "%3d %s\n", cd->major, cd->name);
73 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
77 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
80 * Register a single major with a specified minor range.
82 * If major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
85 * If major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve the passed range of
86 * minors and will return zero on success.
88 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
90 static struct char_device_struct *
91 __register_chrdev_region(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
92 int minorct, const char *name)
94 struct char_device_struct *cd, **cp;
98 cd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct char_device_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
100 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
102 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
106 for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(chrdevs)-1; i > 0; i--) {
107 if (chrdevs[i] == NULL)
120 cd->baseminor = baseminor;
121 cd->minorct = minorct;
122 strlcpy(cd->name, name, sizeof(cd->name));
124 i = major_to_index(major);
126 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
127 if ((*cp)->major > major ||
128 ((*cp)->major == major &&
129 (((*cp)->baseminor >= baseminor) ||
130 ((*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct > baseminor))))
133 /* Check for overlapping minor ranges. */
134 if (*cp && (*cp)->major == major) {
135 int old_min = (*cp)->baseminor;
136 int old_max = (*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct - 1;
137 int new_min = baseminor;
138 int new_max = baseminor + minorct - 1;
140 /* New driver overlaps from the left. */
141 if (new_max >= old_min && new_max <= old_max) {
146 /* New driver overlaps from the right. */
147 if (new_min <= old_max && new_min >= old_min) {
155 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
158 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
163 static struct char_device_struct *
164 __unregister_chrdev_region(unsigned major, unsigned baseminor, int minorct)
166 struct char_device_struct *cd = NULL, **cp;
167 int i = major_to_index(major);
169 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
170 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
171 if ((*cp)->major == major &&
172 (*cp)->baseminor == baseminor &&
173 (*cp)->minorct == minorct)
179 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
184 * register_chrdev_region() - register a range of device numbers
185 * @from: the first in the desired range of device numbers; must include
187 * @count: the number of consecutive device numbers required
188 * @name: the name of the device or driver.
190 * Return value is zero on success, a negative error code on failure.
192 int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)
194 struct char_device_struct *cd;
195 dev_t to = from + count;
198 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
199 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
202 cd = __register_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n),
210 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
211 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
212 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
218 * alloc_chrdev_region() - register a range of char device numbers
219 * @dev: output parameter for first assigned number
220 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
221 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
222 * @name: the name of the associated device or driver
224 * Allocates a range of char device numbers. The major number will be
225 * chosen dynamically, and returned (along with the first minor number)
226 * in @dev. Returns zero or a negative error code.
228 int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,
231 struct char_device_struct *cd;
232 cd = __register_chrdev_region(0, baseminor, count, name);
235 *dev = MKDEV(cd->major, cd->baseminor);
240 * register_chrdev() - Register a major number for character devices.
241 * @major: major device number or 0 for dynamic allocation
242 * @name: name of this range of devices
243 * @fops: file operations associated with this devices
245 * If @major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
248 * If @major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve a device with the given
249 * major number and will return zero on success.
251 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
253 * The name of this device has nothing to do with the name of the device in
254 * /dev. It only helps to keep track of the different owners of devices. If
255 * your module name has only one type of devices it's ok to use e.g. the name
256 * of the module here.
258 * This function registers a range of 256 minor numbers. The first minor number
261 int register_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name,
262 const struct file_operations *fops)
264 struct char_device_struct *cd;
269 cd = __register_chrdev_region(major, 0, 256, name);
277 cdev->owner = fops->owner;
279 kobject_set_name(&cdev->kobj, "%s", name);
280 for (s = strchr(kobject_name(&cdev->kobj),'/'); s; s = strchr(s, '/'))
283 err = cdev_add(cdev, MKDEV(cd->major, 0), 256);
289 return major ? 0 : cd->major;
291 kobject_put(&cdev->kobj);
293 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(cd->major, 0, 256));
298 * unregister_chrdev_region() - return a range of device numbers
299 * @from: the first in the range of numbers to unregister
300 * @count: the number of device numbers to unregister
302 * This function will unregister a range of @count device numbers,
303 * starting with @from. The caller should normally be the one who
304 * allocated those numbers in the first place...
306 void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)
308 dev_t to = from + count;
311 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
312 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
315 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
319 void unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name)
321 struct char_device_struct *cd;
322 cd = __unregister_chrdev_region(major, 0, 256);
328 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cdev_lock);
330 static struct kobject *cdev_get(struct cdev *p)
332 struct module *owner = p->owner;
333 struct kobject *kobj;
335 if (owner && !try_module_get(owner))
337 kobj = kobject_get(&p->kobj);
343 void cdev_put(struct cdev *p)
346 struct module *owner = p->owner;
347 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
353 * Called every time a character special file is opened
355 static int chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
358 struct cdev *new = NULL;
361 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
364 struct kobject *kobj;
366 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
367 kobj = kobj_lookup(cdev_map, inode->i_rdev, &idx);
370 new = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
371 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
372 /* Check i_cdev again in case somebody beat us to it while
373 we dropped the lock. */
376 inode->i_cdev = p = new;
377 list_add(&inode->i_devices, &p->list);
379 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
381 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
383 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
389 filp->f_op = fops_get(p->ops);
393 if (filp->f_op->open) {
394 ret = filp->f_op->open(inode,filp);
406 int cdev_index(struct inode *inode)
409 struct kobject *kobj;
411 kobj = kobj_lookup(cdev_map, inode->i_rdev, &idx);
418 void cd_forget(struct inode *inode)
420 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
421 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
422 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
423 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
426 static void cdev_purge(struct cdev *cdev)
428 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
429 while (!list_empty(&cdev->list)) {
431 inode = container_of(cdev->list.next, struct inode, i_devices);
432 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
433 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
435 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
439 * Dummy default file-operations: the only thing this does
440 * is contain the open that then fills in the correct operations
441 * depending on the special file...
443 const struct file_operations def_chr_fops = {
447 static struct kobject *exact_match(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
449 struct cdev *p = data;
453 static int exact_lock(dev_t dev, void *data)
455 struct cdev *p = data;
456 return cdev_get(p) ? 0 : -1;
460 * cdev_add() - add a char device to the system
461 * @p: the cdev structure for the device
462 * @dev: the first device number for which this device is responsible
463 * @count: the number of consecutive minor numbers corresponding to this
466 * cdev_add() adds the device represented by @p to the system, making it
467 * live immediately. A negative error code is returned on failure.
469 int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
473 return kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL, exact_match, exact_lock, p);
476 static void cdev_unmap(dev_t dev, unsigned count)
478 kobj_unmap(cdev_map, dev, count);
482 * cdev_del() - remove a cdev from the system
483 * @p: the cdev structure to be removed
485 * cdev_del() removes @p from the system, possibly freeing the structure
488 void cdev_del(struct cdev *p)
490 cdev_unmap(p->dev, p->count);
491 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
495 static void cdev_default_release(struct kobject *kobj)
497 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
501 static void cdev_dynamic_release(struct kobject *kobj)
503 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
508 static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_default = {
509 .release = cdev_default_release,
512 static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_dynamic = {
513 .release = cdev_dynamic_release,
517 * cdev_alloc() - allocate a cdev structure
519 * Allocates and returns a cdev structure, or NULL on failure.
521 struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
523 struct cdev *p = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
525 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list);
526 kobject_init(&p->kobj, &ktype_cdev_dynamic);
532 * cdev_init() - initialize a cdev structure
533 * @cdev: the structure to initialize
534 * @fops: the file_operations for this device
536 * Initializes @cdev, remembering @fops, making it ready to add to the
537 * system with cdev_add().
539 void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
541 memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
542 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
543 kobject_init(&cdev->kobj, &ktype_cdev_default);
547 static struct kobject *base_probe(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
549 if (request_module("char-major-%d-%d", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev)) > 0)
550 /* Make old-style 2.4 aliases work */
551 request_module("char-major-%d", MAJOR(dev));
555 void __init chrdev_init(void)
557 cdev_map = kobj_map_init(base_probe, &chrdevs_lock);
558 bdi_init(&directly_mappable_cdev_bdi);
562 /* Let modules do char dev stuff */
563 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_chrdev_region);
564 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_chrdev_region);
565 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_chrdev_region);
566 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_init);
567 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_alloc);
568 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_del);
569 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_add);
570 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_index);
571 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_chrdev);
572 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_chrdev);
573 EXPORT_SYMBOL(directly_mappable_cdev_bdi);