2 * CUSE: Character device in Userspace
4 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 SUSE Linux Products GmbH
5 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
7 * This file is released under the GPLv2.
9 * CUSE enables character devices to be implemented from userland much
10 * like FUSE allows filesystems. On initialization /dev/cuse is
11 * created. By opening the file and replying to the CUSE_INIT request
12 * userland CUSE server can create a character device. After that the
13 * operation is very similar to FUSE.
15 * A CUSE instance involves the following objects.
17 * cuse_conn : contains fuse_conn and serves as bonding structure
18 * channel : file handle connected to the userland CUSE server
19 * cdev : the implemented character device
20 * dev : generic device for cdev
22 * Note that 'channel' is what 'dev' is in FUSE. As CUSE deals with
23 * devices, it's called 'channel' to reduce confusion.
25 * channel determines when the character device dies. When channel is
26 * closed, everything begins to destruct. The cuse_conn is taken off
27 * the lookup table preventing further access from cdev, cdev and
28 * generic device are removed and the base reference of cuse_conn is
31 * On each open, the matching cuse_conn is looked up and if found an
32 * additional reference is taken which is released when the file is
36 #include <linux/fuse.h>
37 #include <linux/cdev.h>
38 #include <linux/device.h>
39 #include <linux/file.h>
41 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
42 #include <linux/kthread.h>
43 #include <linux/list.h>
44 #include <linux/magic.h>
45 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
46 #include <linux/mutex.h>
47 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
48 #include <linux/stat.h>
52 #define CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN 64
55 struct list_head list; /* linked on cuse_conntbl */
56 struct fuse_conn fc; /* fuse connection */
57 struct cdev *cdev; /* associated character device */
58 struct device *dev; /* device representing @cdev */
60 /* init parameters, set once during initialization */
61 bool unrestricted_ioctl;
64 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cuse_lock); /* protects cuse_conntbl */
65 static struct list_head cuse_conntbl[CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN];
66 static struct class *cuse_class;
68 static struct cuse_conn *fc_to_cc(struct fuse_conn *fc)
70 return container_of(fc, struct cuse_conn, fc);
73 static struct list_head *cuse_conntbl_head(dev_t devt)
75 return &cuse_conntbl[(MAJOR(devt) + MINOR(devt)) % CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN];
79 /**************************************************************************
80 * CUSE frontend operations
82 * These are file operations for the character device.
84 * On open, CUSE opens a file from the FUSE mnt and stores it to
85 * private_data of the open file. All other ops call FUSE ops on the
89 static ssize_t cuse_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
94 return fuse_direct_io(file, buf, count, &pos, 0);
97 static ssize_t cuse_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
98 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
102 * No locking or generic_write_checks(), the server is
103 * responsible for locking and sanity checks.
105 return fuse_direct_io(file, buf, count, &pos, 1);
108 static int cuse_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
110 dev_t devt = inode->i_cdev->dev;
111 struct cuse_conn *cc = NULL, *pos;
114 /* look up and get the connection */
115 spin_lock(&cuse_lock);
116 list_for_each_entry(pos, cuse_conntbl_head(devt), list)
117 if (pos->dev->devt == devt) {
118 fuse_conn_get(&pos->fc);
122 spin_unlock(&cuse_lock);
129 * Generic permission check is already done against the chrdev
130 * file, proceed to open.
132 rc = fuse_do_open(&cc->fc, 0, file, 0);
134 fuse_conn_put(&cc->fc);
138 static int cuse_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
140 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
141 struct fuse_conn *fc = ff->fc;
143 fuse_sync_release(ff, file->f_flags);
149 static long cuse_file_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
152 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
153 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(ff->fc);
154 unsigned int flags = 0;
156 if (cc->unrestricted_ioctl)
157 flags |= FUSE_IOCTL_UNRESTRICTED;
159 return fuse_do_ioctl(file, cmd, arg, flags);
162 static long cuse_file_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
165 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
166 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(ff->fc);
167 unsigned int flags = FUSE_IOCTL_COMPAT;
169 if (cc->unrestricted_ioctl)
170 flags |= FUSE_IOCTL_UNRESTRICTED;
172 return fuse_do_ioctl(file, cmd, arg, flags);
175 static const struct file_operations cuse_frontend_fops = {
176 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
180 .release = cuse_release,
181 .unlocked_ioctl = cuse_file_ioctl,
182 .compat_ioctl = cuse_file_compat_ioctl,
183 .poll = fuse_file_poll,
187 /**************************************************************************
188 * CUSE channel initialization and destruction
191 struct cuse_devinfo {
196 * cuse_parse_one - parse one key=value pair
197 * @pp: i/o parameter for the current position
198 * @end: points to one past the end of the packed string
199 * @keyp: out parameter for key
200 * @valp: out parameter for value
202 * *@pp points to packed strings - "key0=val0\0key1=val1\0" which ends
203 * at @end - 1. This function parses one pair and set *@keyp to the
204 * start of the key and *@valp to the start of the value. Note that
205 * the original string is modified such that the key string is
206 * terminated with '\0'. *@pp is updated to point to the next string.
209 * 1 on successful parse, 0 on EOF, -errno on failure.
211 static int cuse_parse_one(char **pp, char *end, char **keyp, char **valp)
216 while (p < end && *p == '\0')
221 if (end[-1] != '\0') {
222 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: info not properly terminated\n");
232 val = key + strlen(key);
239 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: zero length info key specified\n");
252 * cuse_parse_dev_info - parse device info
253 * @p: device info string
254 * @len: length of device info string
255 * @devinfo: out parameter for parsed device info
257 * Parse @p to extract device info and store it into @devinfo. String
258 * pointed to by @p is modified by parsing and @devinfo points into
259 * them, so @p shouldn't be freed while @devinfo is in use.
262 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
264 static int cuse_parse_devinfo(char *p, size_t len, struct cuse_devinfo *devinfo)
271 rc = cuse_parse_one(&p, end, &key, &val);
276 if (strcmp(key, "DEVNAME") == 0)
279 printk(KERN_WARNING "CUSE: unknown device info \"%s\"\n",
283 if (!devinfo->name || !strlen(devinfo->name)) {
284 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: DEVNAME unspecified\n");
291 static void cuse_gendev_release(struct device *dev)
297 * cuse_process_init_reply - finish initializing CUSE channel
299 * This function creates the character device and sets up all the
300 * required data structures for it. Please read the comment at the
301 * top of this file for high level overview.
303 static void cuse_process_init_reply(struct fuse_conn *fc, struct fuse_req *req)
305 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(fc);
306 struct cuse_init_out *arg = &req->misc.cuse_init_out;
307 struct page *page = req->pages[0];
308 struct cuse_devinfo devinfo = { };
314 if (req->out.h.error ||
315 arg->major != FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION || arg->minor < 11) {
319 fc->minor = arg->minor;
320 fc->max_read = max_t(unsigned, arg->max_read, 4096);
321 fc->max_write = max_t(unsigned, arg->max_write, 4096);
323 /* parse init reply */
324 cc->unrestricted_ioctl = arg->flags & CUSE_UNRESTRICTED_IOCTL;
326 rc = cuse_parse_devinfo(page_address(page), req->out.args[1].size,
331 /* determine and reserve devt */
332 devt = MKDEV(arg->dev_major, arg->dev_minor);
334 rc = alloc_chrdev_region(&devt, MINOR(devt), 1, devinfo.name);
336 rc = register_chrdev_region(devt, 1, devinfo.name);
338 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: failed to register chrdev region\n");
342 /* devt determined, create device */
344 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
348 device_initialize(dev);
349 dev_set_uevent_suppress(dev, 1);
350 dev->class = cuse_class;
352 dev->release = cuse_gendev_release;
353 dev_set_drvdata(dev, cc);
354 dev_set_name(dev, "%s", devinfo.name);
356 rc = device_add(dev);
366 cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
367 cdev->ops = &cuse_frontend_fops;
369 rc = cdev_add(cdev, devt, 1);
376 /* make the device available */
377 spin_lock(&cuse_lock);
378 list_add(&cc->list, cuse_conntbl_head(devt));
379 spin_unlock(&cuse_lock);
381 /* announce device availability */
382 dev_set_uevent_suppress(dev, 0);
383 kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
393 unregister_chrdev_region(devt, 1);
399 static int cuse_send_init(struct cuse_conn *cc)
402 struct fuse_req *req;
404 struct fuse_conn *fc = &cc->fc;
405 struct cuse_init_in *arg;
407 BUILD_BUG_ON(CUSE_INIT_INFO_MAX > PAGE_SIZE);
409 req = fuse_get_req(fc);
416 page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO);
420 arg = &req->misc.cuse_init_in;
421 arg->major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
422 arg->minor = FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION;
423 arg->flags |= CUSE_UNRESTRICTED_IOCTL;
424 req->in.h.opcode = CUSE_INIT;
426 req->in.args[0].size = sizeof(struct cuse_init_in);
427 req->in.args[0].value = arg;
428 req->out.numargs = 2;
429 req->out.args[0].size = sizeof(struct cuse_init_out);
430 req->out.args[0].value = &req->misc.cuse_init_out;
431 req->out.args[1].size = CUSE_INIT_INFO_MAX;
433 req->out.argpages = 1;
434 req->pages[0] = page;
436 req->end = cuse_process_init_reply;
437 fuse_request_send_background(fc, req);
442 fuse_put_request(fc, req);
447 static void cuse_fc_release(struct fuse_conn *fc)
449 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(fc);
454 * cuse_channel_open - open method for /dev/cuse
455 * @inode: inode for /dev/cuse
456 * @file: file struct being opened
458 * Userland CUSE server can create a CUSE device by opening /dev/cuse
459 * and replying to the initilaization request kernel sends. This
460 * function is responsible for handling CUSE device initialization.
461 * Because the fd opened by this function is used during
462 * initialization, this function only creates cuse_conn and sends
463 * init. The rest is delegated to a kthread.
466 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
468 static int cuse_channel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
470 struct cuse_conn *cc;
473 /* set up cuse_conn */
474 cc = kzalloc(sizeof(*cc), GFP_KERNEL);
478 fuse_conn_init(&cc->fc);
480 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->list);
481 cc->fc.release = cuse_fc_release;
483 cc->fc.connected = 1;
485 rc = cuse_send_init(cc);
487 fuse_conn_put(&cc->fc);
490 file->private_data = &cc->fc; /* channel owns base reference to cc */
496 * cuse_channel_release - release method for /dev/cuse
497 * @inode: inode for /dev/cuse
498 * @file: file struct being closed
500 * Disconnect the channel, deregister CUSE device and initiate
501 * destruction by putting the default reference.
504 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
506 static int cuse_channel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
508 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(file->private_data);
511 /* remove from the conntbl, no more access from this point on */
512 spin_lock(&cuse_lock);
513 list_del_init(&cc->list);
514 spin_unlock(&cuse_lock);
518 device_unregister(cc->dev);
520 unregister_chrdev_region(cc->cdev->dev, 1);
524 /* kill connection and shutdown channel */
525 fuse_conn_kill(&cc->fc);
526 rc = fuse_dev_release(inode, file); /* puts the base reference */
531 static struct file_operations cuse_channel_fops; /* initialized during init */
534 /**************************************************************************
535 * Misc stuff and module initializatiion
537 * CUSE exports the same set of attributes to sysfs as fusectl.
540 static ssize_t cuse_class_waiting_show(struct device *dev,
541 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
543 struct cuse_conn *cc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
545 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", atomic_read(&cc->fc.num_waiting));
548 static ssize_t cuse_class_abort_store(struct device *dev,
549 struct device_attribute *attr,
550 const char *buf, size_t count)
552 struct cuse_conn *cc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
554 fuse_abort_conn(&cc->fc);
558 static struct device_attribute cuse_class_dev_attrs[] = {
559 __ATTR(waiting, S_IFREG | 0400, cuse_class_waiting_show, NULL),
560 __ATTR(abort, S_IFREG | 0200, NULL, cuse_class_abort_store),
564 static struct miscdevice cuse_miscdev = {
565 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
567 .fops = &cuse_channel_fops,
570 static int __init cuse_init(void)
575 for (i = 0; i < CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN; i++)
576 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cuse_conntbl[i]);
578 /* inherit and extend fuse_dev_operations */
579 cuse_channel_fops = fuse_dev_operations;
580 cuse_channel_fops.owner = THIS_MODULE;
581 cuse_channel_fops.open = cuse_channel_open;
582 cuse_channel_fops.release = cuse_channel_release;
584 cuse_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "cuse");
585 if (IS_ERR(cuse_class))
586 return PTR_ERR(cuse_class);
588 cuse_class->dev_attrs = cuse_class_dev_attrs;
590 rc = misc_register(&cuse_miscdev);
592 class_destroy(cuse_class);
599 static void __exit cuse_exit(void)
601 misc_deregister(&cuse_miscdev);
602 class_destroy(cuse_class);
605 module_init(cuse_init);
606 module_exit(cuse_exit);
608 MODULE_AUTHOR("Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>");
609 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Character device in Userspace");
610 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");