4 * Kernel internal timers, kernel timekeeping, basic process system calls
6 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
8 * 1997-01-28 Modified by Finn Arne Gangstad to make timers scale better.
10 * 1997-09-10 Updated NTP code according to technical memorandum Jan '96
11 * "A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping" by Dave Mills
12 * 1998-12-24 Fixed a xtime SMP race (we need the xtime_lock rw spinlock to
13 * serialize accesses to xtime/lost_ticks).
14 * Copyright (C) 1998 Andrea Arcangeli
15 * 1999-03-10 Improved NTP compatibility by Ulrich Windl
16 * 2002-05-31 Move sys_sysinfo here and make its locking sane, Robert Love
17 * 2000-10-05 Implemented scalable SMP per-CPU timer handling.
18 * Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Ingo Molnar
19 * Designed by David S. Miller, Alexey Kuznetsov and Ingo Molnar
22 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
23 #include <linux/module.h>
24 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
25 #include <linux/percpu.h>
26 #include <linux/init.h>
28 #include <linux/swap.h>
29 #include <linux/notifier.h>
30 #include <linux/thread_info.h>
31 #include <linux/time.h>
32 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
33 #include <linux/posix-timers.h>
34 #include <linux/cpu.h>
35 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
36 #include <linux/delay.h>
38 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
39 #include <asm/unistd.h>
40 #include <asm/div64.h>
41 #include <asm/timex.h>
44 u64 jiffies_64 __cacheline_aligned_in_smp = INITIAL_JIFFIES;
46 EXPORT_SYMBOL(jiffies_64);
49 * per-CPU timer vector definitions:
51 #define TVN_BITS (CONFIG_BASE_SMALL ? 4 : 6)
52 #define TVR_BITS (CONFIG_BASE_SMALL ? 6 : 8)
53 #define TVN_SIZE (1 << TVN_BITS)
54 #define TVR_SIZE (1 << TVR_BITS)
55 #define TVN_MASK (TVN_SIZE - 1)
56 #define TVR_MASK (TVR_SIZE - 1)
58 typedef struct tvec_s {
59 struct list_head vec[TVN_SIZE];
62 typedef struct tvec_root_s {
63 struct list_head vec[TVR_SIZE];
66 struct tvec_t_base_s {
68 struct timer_list *running_timer;
69 unsigned long timer_jiffies;
75 } ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
77 typedef struct tvec_t_base_s tvec_base_t;
79 tvec_base_t boot_tvec_bases;
80 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_tvec_bases);
81 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(tvec_base_t *, tvec_bases) = &boot_tvec_bases;
83 static inline void set_running_timer(tvec_base_t *base,
84 struct timer_list *timer)
87 base->running_timer = timer;
91 static void internal_add_timer(tvec_base_t *base, struct timer_list *timer)
93 unsigned long expires = timer->expires;
94 unsigned long idx = expires - base->timer_jiffies;
95 struct list_head *vec;
98 int i = expires & TVR_MASK;
99 vec = base->tv1.vec + i;
100 } else if (idx < 1 << (TVR_BITS + TVN_BITS)) {
101 int i = (expires >> TVR_BITS) & TVN_MASK;
102 vec = base->tv2.vec + i;
103 } else if (idx < 1 << (TVR_BITS + 2 * TVN_BITS)) {
104 int i = (expires >> (TVR_BITS + TVN_BITS)) & TVN_MASK;
105 vec = base->tv3.vec + i;
106 } else if (idx < 1 << (TVR_BITS + 3 * TVN_BITS)) {
107 int i = (expires >> (TVR_BITS + 2 * TVN_BITS)) & TVN_MASK;
108 vec = base->tv4.vec + i;
109 } else if ((signed long) idx < 0) {
111 * Can happen if you add a timer with expires == jiffies,
112 * or you set a timer to go off in the past
114 vec = base->tv1.vec + (base->timer_jiffies & TVR_MASK);
117 /* If the timeout is larger than 0xffffffff on 64-bit
118 * architectures then we use the maximum timeout:
120 if (idx > 0xffffffffUL) {
122 expires = idx + base->timer_jiffies;
124 i = (expires >> (TVR_BITS + 3 * TVN_BITS)) & TVN_MASK;
125 vec = base->tv5.vec + i;
130 list_add_tail(&timer->entry, vec);
134 * init_timer - initialize a timer.
135 * @timer: the timer to be initialized
137 * init_timer() must be done to a timer prior calling *any* of the
138 * other timer functions.
140 void fastcall init_timer(struct timer_list *timer)
142 timer->entry.next = NULL;
143 timer->base = __raw_get_cpu_var(tvec_bases);
145 EXPORT_SYMBOL(init_timer);
147 static inline void detach_timer(struct timer_list *timer,
150 struct list_head *entry = &timer->entry;
152 __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
155 entry->prev = LIST_POISON2;
159 * We are using hashed locking: holding per_cpu(tvec_bases).lock
160 * means that all timers which are tied to this base via timer->base are
161 * locked, and the base itself is locked too.
163 * So __run_timers/migrate_timers can safely modify all timers which could
164 * be found on ->tvX lists.
166 * When the timer's base is locked, and the timer removed from list, it is
167 * possible to set timer->base = NULL and drop the lock: the timer remains
170 static tvec_base_t *lock_timer_base(struct timer_list *timer,
171 unsigned long *flags)
172 __acquires(timer->base->lock)
178 if (likely(base != NULL)) {
179 spin_lock_irqsave(&base->lock, *flags);
180 if (likely(base == timer->base))
182 /* The timer has migrated to another CPU */
183 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&base->lock, *flags);
189 int __mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long expires)
191 tvec_base_t *base, *new_base;
195 BUG_ON(!timer->function);
197 base = lock_timer_base(timer, &flags);
199 if (timer_pending(timer)) {
200 detach_timer(timer, 0);
204 new_base = __get_cpu_var(tvec_bases);
206 if (base != new_base) {
208 * We are trying to schedule the timer on the local CPU.
209 * However we can't change timer's base while it is running,
210 * otherwise del_timer_sync() can't detect that the timer's
211 * handler yet has not finished. This also guarantees that
212 * the timer is serialized wrt itself.
214 if (likely(base->running_timer != timer)) {
215 /* See the comment in lock_timer_base() */
217 spin_unlock(&base->lock);
219 spin_lock(&base->lock);
224 timer->expires = expires;
225 internal_add_timer(base, timer);
226 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&base->lock, flags);
231 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_timer);
234 * add_timer_on - start a timer on a particular CPU
235 * @timer: the timer to be added
236 * @cpu: the CPU to start it on
238 * This is not very scalable on SMP. Double adds are not possible.
240 void add_timer_on(struct timer_list *timer, int cpu)
242 tvec_base_t *base = per_cpu(tvec_bases, cpu);
245 BUG_ON(timer_pending(timer) || !timer->function);
246 spin_lock_irqsave(&base->lock, flags);
248 internal_add_timer(base, timer);
249 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&base->lock, flags);
254 * mod_timer - modify a timer's timeout
255 * @timer: the timer to be modified
256 * @expires: new timeout in jiffies
258 * mod_timer is a more efficient way to update the expire field of an
259 * active timer (if the timer is inactive it will be activated)
261 * mod_timer(timer, expires) is equivalent to:
263 * del_timer(timer); timer->expires = expires; add_timer(timer);
265 * Note that if there are multiple unserialized concurrent users of the
266 * same timer, then mod_timer() is the only safe way to modify the timeout,
267 * since add_timer() cannot modify an already running timer.
269 * The function returns whether it has modified a pending timer or not.
270 * (ie. mod_timer() of an inactive timer returns 0, mod_timer() of an
271 * active timer returns 1.)
273 int mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long expires)
275 BUG_ON(!timer->function);
278 * This is a common optimization triggered by the
279 * networking code - if the timer is re-modified
280 * to be the same thing then just return:
282 if (timer->expires == expires && timer_pending(timer))
285 return __mod_timer(timer, expires);
288 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_timer);
291 * del_timer - deactive a timer.
292 * @timer: the timer to be deactivated
294 * del_timer() deactivates a timer - this works on both active and inactive
297 * The function returns whether it has deactivated a pending timer or not.
298 * (ie. del_timer() of an inactive timer returns 0, del_timer() of an
299 * active timer returns 1.)
301 int del_timer(struct timer_list *timer)
307 if (timer_pending(timer)) {
308 base = lock_timer_base(timer, &flags);
309 if (timer_pending(timer)) {
310 detach_timer(timer, 1);
313 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&base->lock, flags);
319 EXPORT_SYMBOL(del_timer);
323 * try_to_del_timer_sync - Try to deactivate a timer
324 * @timer: timer do del
326 * This function tries to deactivate a timer. Upon successful (ret >= 0)
327 * exit the timer is not queued and the handler is not running on any CPU.
329 * It must not be called from interrupt contexts.
331 int try_to_del_timer_sync(struct timer_list *timer)
337 base = lock_timer_base(timer, &flags);
339 if (base->running_timer == timer)
343 if (timer_pending(timer)) {
344 detach_timer(timer, 1);
348 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&base->lock, flags);
354 * del_timer_sync - deactivate a timer and wait for the handler to finish.
355 * @timer: the timer to be deactivated
357 * This function only differs from del_timer() on SMP: besides deactivating
358 * the timer it also makes sure the handler has finished executing on other
361 * Synchronization rules: callers must prevent restarting of the timer,
362 * otherwise this function is meaningless. It must not be called from
363 * interrupt contexts. The caller must not hold locks which would prevent
364 * completion of the timer's handler. The timer's handler must not call
365 * add_timer_on(). Upon exit the timer is not queued and the handler is
366 * not running on any CPU.
368 * The function returns whether it has deactivated a pending timer or not.
370 int del_timer_sync(struct timer_list *timer)
373 int ret = try_to_del_timer_sync(timer);
380 EXPORT_SYMBOL(del_timer_sync);
383 static int cascade(tvec_base_t *base, tvec_t *tv, int index)
385 /* cascade all the timers from tv up one level */
386 struct timer_list *timer, *tmp;
387 struct list_head tv_list;
389 list_replace_init(tv->vec + index, &tv_list);
392 * We are removing _all_ timers from the list, so we
393 * don't have to detach them individually.
395 list_for_each_entry_safe(timer, tmp, &tv_list, entry) {
396 BUG_ON(timer->base != base);
397 internal_add_timer(base, timer);
403 #define INDEX(N) ((base->timer_jiffies >> (TVR_BITS + (N) * TVN_BITS)) & TVN_MASK)
406 * __run_timers - run all expired timers (if any) on this CPU.
407 * @base: the timer vector to be processed.
409 * This function cascades all vectors and executes all expired timer
412 static inline void __run_timers(tvec_base_t *base)
414 struct timer_list *timer;
416 spin_lock_irq(&base->lock);
417 while (time_after_eq(jiffies, base->timer_jiffies)) {
418 struct list_head work_list;
419 struct list_head *head = &work_list;
420 int index = base->timer_jiffies & TVR_MASK;
426 (!cascade(base, &base->tv2, INDEX(0))) &&
427 (!cascade(base, &base->tv3, INDEX(1))) &&
428 !cascade(base, &base->tv4, INDEX(2)))
429 cascade(base, &base->tv5, INDEX(3));
430 ++base->timer_jiffies;
431 list_replace_init(base->tv1.vec + index, &work_list);
432 while (!list_empty(head)) {
433 void (*fn)(unsigned long);
436 timer = list_entry(head->next,struct timer_list,entry);
437 fn = timer->function;
440 set_running_timer(base, timer);
441 detach_timer(timer, 1);
442 spin_unlock_irq(&base->lock);
444 int preempt_count = preempt_count();
446 if (preempt_count != preempt_count()) {
447 printk(KERN_WARNING "huh, entered %p "
448 "with preempt_count %08x, exited"
455 spin_lock_irq(&base->lock);
458 set_running_timer(base, NULL);
459 spin_unlock_irq(&base->lock);
462 #ifdef CONFIG_NO_IDLE_HZ
464 * Find out when the next timer event is due to happen. This
465 * is used on S/390 to stop all activity when a cpus is idle.
466 * This functions needs to be called disabled.
468 unsigned long next_timer_interrupt(void)
471 struct list_head *list;
472 struct timer_list *nte;
473 unsigned long expires;
474 unsigned long hr_expires = MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET;
479 hr_delta = hrtimer_get_next_event();
480 if (hr_delta.tv64 != KTIME_MAX) {
481 struct timespec tsdelta;
482 tsdelta = ktime_to_timespec(hr_delta);
483 hr_expires = timespec_to_jiffies(&tsdelta);
485 return hr_expires + jiffies;
487 hr_expires += jiffies;
489 base = __get_cpu_var(tvec_bases);
490 spin_lock(&base->lock);
491 expires = base->timer_jiffies + (LONG_MAX >> 1);
494 /* Look for timer events in tv1. */
495 j = base->timer_jiffies & TVR_MASK;
497 list_for_each_entry(nte, base->tv1.vec + j, entry) {
498 expires = nte->expires;
499 if (j < (base->timer_jiffies & TVR_MASK))
500 list = base->tv2.vec + (INDEX(0));
503 j = (j + 1) & TVR_MASK;
504 } while (j != (base->timer_jiffies & TVR_MASK));
507 varray[0] = &base->tv2;
508 varray[1] = &base->tv3;
509 varray[2] = &base->tv4;
510 varray[3] = &base->tv5;
511 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
514 if (list_empty(varray[i]->vec + j)) {
515 j = (j + 1) & TVN_MASK;
518 list_for_each_entry(nte, varray[i]->vec + j, entry)
519 if (time_before(nte->expires, expires))
520 expires = nte->expires;
521 if (j < (INDEX(i)) && i < 3)
522 list = varray[i + 1]->vec + (INDEX(i + 1));
524 } while (j != (INDEX(i)));
529 * The search wrapped. We need to look at the next list
530 * from next tv element that would cascade into tv element
531 * where we found the timer element.
533 list_for_each_entry(nte, list, entry) {
534 if (time_before(nte->expires, expires))
535 expires = nte->expires;
538 spin_unlock(&base->lock);
541 * It can happen that other CPUs service timer IRQs and increment
542 * jiffies, but we have not yet got a local timer tick to process
543 * the timer wheels. In that case, the expiry time can be before
544 * jiffies, but since the high-resolution timer here is relative to
545 * jiffies, the default expression when high-resolution timers are
548 * time_before(MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET + jiffies, expires)
550 * would falsely evaluate to true. If that is the case, just
551 * return jiffies so that we can immediately fire the local timer
553 if (time_before(expires, jiffies))
556 if (time_before(hr_expires, expires))
563 /******************************************************************/
567 * wall_to_monotonic is what we need to add to xtime (or xtime corrected
568 * for sub jiffie times) to get to monotonic time. Monotonic is pegged
569 * at zero at system boot time, so wall_to_monotonic will be negative,
570 * however, we will ALWAYS keep the tv_nsec part positive so we can use
571 * the usual normalization.
573 struct timespec xtime __attribute__ ((aligned (16)));
574 struct timespec wall_to_monotonic __attribute__ ((aligned (16)));
576 EXPORT_SYMBOL(xtime);
579 /* XXX - all of this timekeeping code should be later moved to time.c */
580 #include <linux/clocksource.h>
581 static struct clocksource *clock; /* pointer to current clocksource */
583 #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME
585 * __get_nsec_offset - Returns nanoseconds since last call to periodic_hook
587 * private function, must hold xtime_lock lock when being
588 * called. Returns the number of nanoseconds since the
589 * last call to update_wall_time() (adjusted by NTP scaling)
591 static inline s64 __get_nsec_offset(void)
593 cycle_t cycle_now, cycle_delta;
596 /* read clocksource: */
597 cycle_now = clocksource_read(clock);
599 /* calculate the delta since the last update_wall_time: */
600 cycle_delta = (cycle_now - clock->cycle_last) & clock->mask;
602 /* convert to nanoseconds: */
603 ns_offset = cyc2ns(clock, cycle_delta);
609 * __get_realtime_clock_ts - Returns the time of day in a timespec
610 * @ts: pointer to the timespec to be set
612 * Returns the time of day in a timespec. Used by
613 * do_gettimeofday() and get_realtime_clock_ts().
615 static inline void __get_realtime_clock_ts(struct timespec *ts)
621 seq = read_seqbegin(&xtime_lock);
624 nsecs = __get_nsec_offset();
626 } while (read_seqretry(&xtime_lock, seq));
628 timespec_add_ns(ts, nsecs);
632 * getnstimeofday - Returns the time of day in a timespec
633 * @ts: pointer to the timespec to be set
635 * Returns the time of day in a timespec.
637 void getnstimeofday(struct timespec *ts)
639 __get_realtime_clock_ts(ts);
642 EXPORT_SYMBOL(getnstimeofday);
645 * do_gettimeofday - Returns the time of day in a timeval
646 * @tv: pointer to the timeval to be set
648 * NOTE: Users should be converted to using get_realtime_clock_ts()
650 void do_gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv)
654 __get_realtime_clock_ts(&now);
655 tv->tv_sec = now.tv_sec;
656 tv->tv_usec = now.tv_nsec/1000;
659 EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_gettimeofday);
661 * do_settimeofday - Sets the time of day
662 * @tv: pointer to the timespec variable containing the new time
664 * Sets the time of day to the new time and update NTP and notify hrtimers
666 int do_settimeofday(struct timespec *tv)
669 time_t wtm_sec, sec = tv->tv_sec;
670 long wtm_nsec, nsec = tv->tv_nsec;
672 if ((unsigned long)tv->tv_nsec >= NSEC_PER_SEC)
675 write_seqlock_irqsave(&xtime_lock, flags);
677 nsec -= __get_nsec_offset();
679 wtm_sec = wall_to_monotonic.tv_sec + (xtime.tv_sec - sec);
680 wtm_nsec = wall_to_monotonic.tv_nsec + (xtime.tv_nsec - nsec);
682 set_normalized_timespec(&xtime, sec, nsec);
683 set_normalized_timespec(&wall_to_monotonic, wtm_sec, wtm_nsec);
688 write_sequnlock_irqrestore(&xtime_lock, flags);
690 /* signal hrtimers about time change */
696 EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_settimeofday);
699 * change_clocksource - Swaps clocksources if a new one is available
701 * Accumulates current time interval and initializes new clocksource
703 static int change_clocksource(void)
705 struct clocksource *new;
708 new = clocksource_get_next();
710 now = clocksource_read(new);
711 nsec = __get_nsec_offset();
712 timespec_add_ns(&xtime, nsec);
715 clock->cycle_last = now;
716 printk(KERN_INFO "Time: %s clocksource has been installed.\n",
719 } else if (clock->update_callback) {
720 return clock->update_callback();
725 #define change_clocksource() (0)
729 * timeofday_is_continuous - check to see if timekeeping is free running
731 int timekeeping_is_continuous(void)
737 seq = read_seqbegin(&xtime_lock);
739 ret = clock->is_continuous;
741 } while (read_seqretry(&xtime_lock, seq));
747 * timekeeping_init - Initializes the clocksource and common timekeeping values
749 void __init timekeeping_init(void)
753 write_seqlock_irqsave(&xtime_lock, flags);
757 clock = clocksource_get_next();
758 clocksource_calculate_interval(clock, tick_nsec);
759 clock->cycle_last = clocksource_read(clock);
761 write_sequnlock_irqrestore(&xtime_lock, flags);
765 static int timekeeping_suspended;
767 * timekeeping_resume - Resumes the generic timekeeping subsystem.
770 * This is for the generic clocksource timekeeping.
771 * xtime/wall_to_monotonic/jiffies/etc are
772 * still managed by arch specific suspend/resume code.
774 static int timekeeping_resume(struct sys_device *dev)
778 write_seqlock_irqsave(&xtime_lock, flags);
779 /* restart the last cycle value */
780 clock->cycle_last = clocksource_read(clock);
782 timekeeping_suspended = 0;
783 write_sequnlock_irqrestore(&xtime_lock, flags);
787 static int timekeeping_suspend(struct sys_device *dev, pm_message_t state)
791 write_seqlock_irqsave(&xtime_lock, flags);
792 timekeeping_suspended = 1;
793 write_sequnlock_irqrestore(&xtime_lock, flags);
797 /* sysfs resume/suspend bits for timekeeping */
798 static struct sysdev_class timekeeping_sysclass = {
799 .resume = timekeeping_resume,
800 .suspend = timekeeping_suspend,
801 set_kset_name("timekeeping"),
804 static struct sys_device device_timer = {
806 .cls = &timekeeping_sysclass,
809 static int __init timekeeping_init_device(void)
811 int error = sysdev_class_register(&timekeeping_sysclass);
813 error = sysdev_register(&device_timer);
817 device_initcall(timekeeping_init_device);
820 * If the error is already larger, we look ahead even further
821 * to compensate for late or lost adjustments.
823 static __always_inline int clocksource_bigadjust(s64 error, s64 *interval, s64 *offset)
830 * Use the current error value to determine how much to look ahead.
831 * The larger the error the slower we adjust for it to avoid problems
832 * with losing too many ticks, otherwise we would overadjust and
833 * produce an even larger error. The smaller the adjustment the
834 * faster we try to adjust for it, as lost ticks can do less harm
835 * here. This is tuned so that an error of about 1 msec is adusted
836 * within about 1 sec (or 2^20 nsec in 2^SHIFT_HZ ticks).
838 error2 = clock->error >> (TICK_LENGTH_SHIFT + 22 - 2 * SHIFT_HZ);
839 error2 = abs(error2);
840 for (look_ahead = 0; error2 > 0; look_ahead++)
844 * Now calculate the error in (1 << look_ahead) ticks, but first
845 * remove the single look ahead already included in the error.
847 tick_error = current_tick_length() >> (TICK_LENGTH_SHIFT - clock->shift + 1);
848 tick_error -= clock->xtime_interval >> 1;
849 error = ((error - tick_error) >> look_ahead) + tick_error;
851 /* Finally calculate the adjustment shift value. */
856 *interval = -*interval;
860 for (adj = 0; error > i; adj++)
869 * Adjust the multiplier to reduce the error value,
870 * this is optimized for the most common adjustments of -1,0,1,
871 * for other values we can do a bit more work.
873 static void clocksource_adjust(struct clocksource *clock, s64 offset)
875 s64 error, interval = clock->cycle_interval;
878 error = clock->error >> (TICK_LENGTH_SHIFT - clock->shift - 1);
879 if (error > interval) {
881 if (likely(error <= interval))
884 adj = clocksource_bigadjust(error, &interval, &offset);
885 } else if (error < -interval) {
887 if (likely(error >= -interval)) {
889 interval = -interval;
892 adj = clocksource_bigadjust(error, &interval, &offset);
897 clock->xtime_interval += interval;
898 clock->xtime_nsec -= offset;
899 clock->error -= (interval - offset) << (TICK_LENGTH_SHIFT - clock->shift);
903 * update_wall_time - Uses the current clocksource to increment the wall time
905 * Called from the timer interrupt, must hold a write on xtime_lock.
907 static void update_wall_time(void)
911 /* Make sure we're fully resumed: */
912 if (unlikely(timekeeping_suspended))
915 #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME
916 offset = (clocksource_read(clock) - clock->cycle_last) & clock->mask;
918 offset = clock->cycle_interval;
920 clock->xtime_nsec += (s64)xtime.tv_nsec << clock->shift;
922 /* normally this loop will run just once, however in the
923 * case of lost or late ticks, it will accumulate correctly.
925 while (offset >= clock->cycle_interval) {
926 /* accumulate one interval */
927 clock->xtime_nsec += clock->xtime_interval;
928 clock->cycle_last += clock->cycle_interval;
929 offset -= clock->cycle_interval;
931 if (clock->xtime_nsec >= (u64)NSEC_PER_SEC << clock->shift) {
932 clock->xtime_nsec -= (u64)NSEC_PER_SEC << clock->shift;
937 /* interpolator bits */
938 time_interpolator_update(clock->xtime_interval
941 /* accumulate error between NTP and clock interval */
942 clock->error += current_tick_length();
943 clock->error -= clock->xtime_interval << (TICK_LENGTH_SHIFT - clock->shift);
946 /* correct the clock when NTP error is too big */
947 clocksource_adjust(clock, offset);
949 /* store full nanoseconds into xtime */
950 xtime.tv_nsec = (s64)clock->xtime_nsec >> clock->shift;
951 clock->xtime_nsec -= (s64)xtime.tv_nsec << clock->shift;
953 /* check to see if there is a new clocksource to use */
954 if (change_clocksource()) {
956 clock->xtime_nsec = 0;
957 clocksource_calculate_interval(clock, tick_nsec);
962 * Called from the timer interrupt handler to charge one tick to the current
963 * process. user_tick is 1 if the tick is user time, 0 for system.
965 void update_process_times(int user_tick)
967 struct task_struct *p = current;
968 int cpu = smp_processor_id();
970 /* Note: this timer irq context must be accounted for as well. */
972 account_user_time(p, jiffies_to_cputime(1));
974 account_system_time(p, HARDIRQ_OFFSET, jiffies_to_cputime(1));
976 if (rcu_pending(cpu))
977 rcu_check_callbacks(cpu, user_tick);
979 run_posix_cpu_timers(p);
983 * Nr of active tasks - counted in fixed-point numbers
985 static unsigned long count_active_tasks(void)
987 return nr_active() * FIXED_1;
991 * Hmm.. Changed this, as the GNU make sources (load.c) seems to
992 * imply that avenrun[] is the standard name for this kind of thing.
993 * Nothing else seems to be standardized: the fractional size etc
994 * all seem to differ on different machines.
996 * Requires xtime_lock to access.
998 unsigned long avenrun[3];
1000 EXPORT_SYMBOL(avenrun);
1003 * calc_load - given tick count, update the avenrun load estimates.
1004 * This is called while holding a write_lock on xtime_lock.
1006 static inline void calc_load(unsigned long ticks)
1008 unsigned long active_tasks; /* fixed-point */
1009 static int count = LOAD_FREQ;
1011 active_tasks = count_active_tasks();
1012 for (count -= ticks; count < 0; count += LOAD_FREQ) {
1013 CALC_LOAD(avenrun[0], EXP_1, active_tasks);
1014 CALC_LOAD(avenrun[1], EXP_5, active_tasks);
1015 CALC_LOAD(avenrun[2], EXP_15, active_tasks);
1020 * This read-write spinlock protects us from races in SMP while
1021 * playing with xtime and avenrun.
1023 #ifndef ARCH_HAVE_XTIME_LOCK
1024 __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SEQLOCK(xtime_lock);
1026 EXPORT_SYMBOL(xtime_lock);
1030 * This function runs timers and the timer-tq in bottom half context.
1032 static void run_timer_softirq(struct softirq_action *h)
1034 tvec_base_t *base = __get_cpu_var(tvec_bases);
1036 hrtimer_run_queues();
1037 if (time_after_eq(jiffies, base->timer_jiffies))
1042 * Called by the local, per-CPU timer interrupt on SMP.
1044 void run_local_timers(void)
1046 raise_softirq(TIMER_SOFTIRQ);
1051 * Called by the timer interrupt. xtime_lock must already be taken
1054 static inline void update_times(unsigned long ticks)
1061 * The 64-bit jiffies value is not atomic - you MUST NOT read it
1062 * without sampling the sequence number in xtime_lock.
1063 * jiffies is defined in the linker script...
1066 void do_timer(unsigned long ticks)
1068 jiffies_64 += ticks;
1069 update_times(ticks);
1072 #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_ALARM
1075 * For backwards compatibility? This can be done in libc so Alpha
1076 * and all newer ports shouldn't need it.
1078 asmlinkage unsigned long sys_alarm(unsigned int seconds)
1080 return alarm_setitimer(seconds);
1088 * The Alpha uses getxpid, getxuid, and getxgid instead. Maybe this
1089 * should be moved into arch/i386 instead?
1093 * sys_getpid - return the thread group id of the current process
1095 * Note, despite the name, this returns the tgid not the pid. The tgid and
1096 * the pid are identical unless CLONE_THREAD was specified on clone() in
1097 * which case the tgid is the same in all threads of the same group.
1099 * This is SMP safe as current->tgid does not change.
1101 asmlinkage long sys_getpid(void)
1103 return current->tgid;
1107 * Accessing ->real_parent is not SMP-safe, it could
1108 * change from under us. However, we can use a stale
1109 * value of ->real_parent under rcu_read_lock(), see
1110 * release_task()->call_rcu(delayed_put_task_struct).
1112 asmlinkage long sys_getppid(void)
1117 pid = rcu_dereference(current->real_parent)->tgid;
1123 asmlinkage long sys_getuid(void)
1125 /* Only we change this so SMP safe */
1126 return current->uid;
1129 asmlinkage long sys_geteuid(void)
1131 /* Only we change this so SMP safe */
1132 return current->euid;
1135 asmlinkage long sys_getgid(void)
1137 /* Only we change this so SMP safe */
1138 return current->gid;
1141 asmlinkage long sys_getegid(void)
1143 /* Only we change this so SMP safe */
1144 return current->egid;
1149 static void process_timeout(unsigned long __data)
1151 wake_up_process((struct task_struct *)__data);
1155 * schedule_timeout - sleep until timeout
1156 * @timeout: timeout value in jiffies
1158 * Make the current task sleep until @timeout jiffies have
1159 * elapsed. The routine will return immediately unless
1160 * the current task state has been set (see set_current_state()).
1162 * You can set the task state as follows -
1164 * %TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE - at least @timeout jiffies are guaranteed to
1165 * pass before the routine returns. The routine will return 0
1167 * %TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE - the routine may return early if a signal is
1168 * delivered to the current task. In this case the remaining time
1169 * in jiffies will be returned, or 0 if the timer expired in time
1171 * The current task state is guaranteed to be TASK_RUNNING when this
1174 * Specifying a @timeout value of %MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT will schedule
1175 * the CPU away without a bound on the timeout. In this case the return
1176 * value will be %MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT.
1178 * In all cases the return value is guaranteed to be non-negative.
1180 fastcall signed long __sched schedule_timeout(signed long timeout)
1182 struct timer_list timer;
1183 unsigned long expire;
1187 case MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT:
1189 * These two special cases are useful to be comfortable
1190 * in the caller. Nothing more. We could take
1191 * MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT from one of the negative value
1192 * but I' d like to return a valid offset (>=0) to allow
1193 * the caller to do everything it want with the retval.
1199 * Another bit of PARANOID. Note that the retval will be
1200 * 0 since no piece of kernel is supposed to do a check
1201 * for a negative retval of schedule_timeout() (since it
1202 * should never happens anyway). You just have the printk()
1203 * that will tell you if something is gone wrong and where.
1207 printk(KERN_ERR "schedule_timeout: wrong timeout "
1208 "value %lx from %p\n", timeout,
1209 __builtin_return_address(0));
1210 current->state = TASK_RUNNING;
1215 expire = timeout + jiffies;
1217 setup_timer(&timer, process_timeout, (unsigned long)current);
1218 __mod_timer(&timer, expire);
1220 del_singleshot_timer_sync(&timer);
1222 timeout = expire - jiffies;
1225 return timeout < 0 ? 0 : timeout;
1227 EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule_timeout);
1230 * We can use __set_current_state() here because schedule_timeout() calls
1231 * schedule() unconditionally.
1233 signed long __sched schedule_timeout_interruptible(signed long timeout)
1235 __set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
1236 return schedule_timeout(timeout);
1238 EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule_timeout_interruptible);
1240 signed long __sched schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(signed long timeout)
1242 __set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
1243 return schedule_timeout(timeout);
1245 EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule_timeout_uninterruptible);
1247 /* Thread ID - the internal kernel "pid" */
1248 asmlinkage long sys_gettid(void)
1250 return current->pid;
1254 * sys_sysinfo - fill in sysinfo struct
1255 * @info: pointer to buffer to fill
1257 asmlinkage long sys_sysinfo(struct sysinfo __user *info)
1260 unsigned long mem_total, sav_total;
1261 unsigned int mem_unit, bitcount;
1264 memset((char *)&val, 0, sizeof(struct sysinfo));
1268 seq = read_seqbegin(&xtime_lock);
1271 * This is annoying. The below is the same thing
1272 * posix_get_clock_monotonic() does, but it wants to
1273 * take the lock which we want to cover the loads stuff
1277 getnstimeofday(&tp);
1278 tp.tv_sec += wall_to_monotonic.tv_sec;
1279 tp.tv_nsec += wall_to_monotonic.tv_nsec;
1280 if (tp.tv_nsec - NSEC_PER_SEC >= 0) {
1281 tp.tv_nsec = tp.tv_nsec - NSEC_PER_SEC;
1284 val.uptime = tp.tv_sec + (tp.tv_nsec ? 1 : 0);
1286 val.loads[0] = avenrun[0] << (SI_LOAD_SHIFT - FSHIFT);
1287 val.loads[1] = avenrun[1] << (SI_LOAD_SHIFT - FSHIFT);
1288 val.loads[2] = avenrun[2] << (SI_LOAD_SHIFT - FSHIFT);
1290 val.procs = nr_threads;
1291 } while (read_seqretry(&xtime_lock, seq));
1297 * If the sum of all the available memory (i.e. ram + swap)
1298 * is less than can be stored in a 32 bit unsigned long then
1299 * we can be binary compatible with 2.2.x kernels. If not,
1300 * well, in that case 2.2.x was broken anyways...
1302 * -Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org>
1305 mem_total = val.totalram + val.totalswap;
1306 if (mem_total < val.totalram || mem_total < val.totalswap)
1309 mem_unit = val.mem_unit;
1310 while (mem_unit > 1) {
1313 sav_total = mem_total;
1315 if (mem_total < sav_total)
1320 * If mem_total did not overflow, multiply all memory values by
1321 * val.mem_unit and set it to 1. This leaves things compatible
1322 * with 2.2.x, and also retains compatibility with earlier 2.4.x
1327 val.totalram <<= bitcount;
1328 val.freeram <<= bitcount;
1329 val.sharedram <<= bitcount;
1330 val.bufferram <<= bitcount;
1331 val.totalswap <<= bitcount;
1332 val.freeswap <<= bitcount;
1333 val.totalhigh <<= bitcount;
1334 val.freehigh <<= bitcount;
1337 if (copy_to_user(info, &val, sizeof(struct sysinfo)))
1344 * lockdep: we want to track each per-CPU base as a separate lock-class,
1345 * but timer-bases are kmalloc()-ed, so we need to attach separate
1348 static struct lock_class_key base_lock_keys[NR_CPUS];
1350 static int __devinit init_timers_cpu(int cpu)
1354 static char __devinitdata tvec_base_done[NR_CPUS];
1356 if (!tvec_base_done[cpu]) {
1357 static char boot_done;
1361 * The APs use this path later in boot
1363 base = kmalloc_node(sizeof(*base), GFP_KERNEL,
1367 memset(base, 0, sizeof(*base));
1368 per_cpu(tvec_bases, cpu) = base;
1371 * This is for the boot CPU - we use compile-time
1372 * static initialisation because per-cpu memory isn't
1373 * ready yet and because the memory allocators are not
1374 * initialised either.
1377 base = &boot_tvec_bases;
1379 tvec_base_done[cpu] = 1;
1381 base = per_cpu(tvec_bases, cpu);
1384 spin_lock_init(&base->lock);
1385 lockdep_set_class(&base->lock, base_lock_keys + cpu);
1387 for (j = 0; j < TVN_SIZE; j++) {
1388 INIT_LIST_HEAD(base->tv5.vec + j);
1389 INIT_LIST_HEAD(base->tv4.vec + j);
1390 INIT_LIST_HEAD(base->tv3.vec + j);
1391 INIT_LIST_HEAD(base->tv2.vec + j);
1393 for (j = 0; j < TVR_SIZE; j++)
1394 INIT_LIST_HEAD(base->tv1.vec + j);
1396 base->timer_jiffies = jiffies;
1400 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
1401 static void migrate_timer_list(tvec_base_t *new_base, struct list_head *head)
1403 struct timer_list *timer;
1405 while (!list_empty(head)) {
1406 timer = list_entry(head->next, struct timer_list, entry);
1407 detach_timer(timer, 0);
1408 timer->base = new_base;
1409 internal_add_timer(new_base, timer);
1413 static void __devinit migrate_timers(int cpu)
1415 tvec_base_t *old_base;
1416 tvec_base_t *new_base;
1419 BUG_ON(cpu_online(cpu));
1420 old_base = per_cpu(tvec_bases, cpu);
1421 new_base = get_cpu_var(tvec_bases);
1423 local_irq_disable();
1424 spin_lock(&new_base->lock);
1425 spin_lock(&old_base->lock);
1427 BUG_ON(old_base->running_timer);
1429 for (i = 0; i < TVR_SIZE; i++)
1430 migrate_timer_list(new_base, old_base->tv1.vec + i);
1431 for (i = 0; i < TVN_SIZE; i++) {
1432 migrate_timer_list(new_base, old_base->tv2.vec + i);
1433 migrate_timer_list(new_base, old_base->tv3.vec + i);
1434 migrate_timer_list(new_base, old_base->tv4.vec + i);
1435 migrate_timer_list(new_base, old_base->tv5.vec + i);
1438 spin_unlock(&old_base->lock);
1439 spin_unlock(&new_base->lock);
1441 put_cpu_var(tvec_bases);
1443 #endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
1445 static int __cpuinit timer_cpu_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
1446 unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
1448 long cpu = (long)hcpu;
1450 case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
1451 if (init_timers_cpu(cpu) < 0)
1454 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
1456 migrate_timers(cpu);
1465 static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata timers_nb = {
1466 .notifier_call = timer_cpu_notify,
1470 void __init init_timers(void)
1472 int err = timer_cpu_notify(&timers_nb, (unsigned long)CPU_UP_PREPARE,
1473 (void *)(long)smp_processor_id());
1475 BUG_ON(err == NOTIFY_BAD);
1476 register_cpu_notifier(&timers_nb);
1477 open_softirq(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, run_timer_softirq, NULL);
1480 #ifdef CONFIG_TIME_INTERPOLATION
1482 struct time_interpolator *time_interpolator __read_mostly;
1483 static struct time_interpolator *time_interpolator_list __read_mostly;
1484 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(time_interpolator_lock);
1486 static inline u64 time_interpolator_get_cycles(unsigned int src)
1488 unsigned long (*x)(void);
1492 case TIME_SOURCE_FUNCTION:
1493 x = time_interpolator->addr;
1496 case TIME_SOURCE_MMIO64 :
1497 return readq_relaxed((void __iomem *)time_interpolator->addr);
1499 case TIME_SOURCE_MMIO32 :
1500 return readl_relaxed((void __iomem *)time_interpolator->addr);
1502 default: return get_cycles();
1506 static inline u64 time_interpolator_get_counter(int writelock)
1508 unsigned int src = time_interpolator->source;
1510 if (time_interpolator->jitter)
1516 lcycle = time_interpolator->last_cycle;
1517 now = time_interpolator_get_cycles(src);
1518 if (lcycle && time_after(lcycle, now))
1521 /* When holding the xtime write lock, there's no need
1522 * to add the overhead of the cmpxchg. Readers are
1523 * force to retry until the write lock is released.
1526 time_interpolator->last_cycle = now;
1529 /* Keep track of the last timer value returned. The use of cmpxchg here
1530 * will cause contention in an SMP environment.
1532 } while (unlikely(cmpxchg(&time_interpolator->last_cycle, lcycle, now) != lcycle));
1536 return time_interpolator_get_cycles(src);
1539 void time_interpolator_reset(void)
1541 time_interpolator->offset = 0;
1542 time_interpolator->last_counter = time_interpolator_get_counter(1);
1545 #define GET_TI_NSECS(count,i) (((((count) - i->last_counter) & (i)->mask) * (i)->nsec_per_cyc) >> (i)->shift)
1547 unsigned long time_interpolator_get_offset(void)
1549 /* If we do not have a time interpolator set up then just return zero */
1550 if (!time_interpolator)
1553 return time_interpolator->offset +
1554 GET_TI_NSECS(time_interpolator_get_counter(0), time_interpolator);
1557 #define INTERPOLATOR_ADJUST 65536
1558 #define INTERPOLATOR_MAX_SKIP 10*INTERPOLATOR_ADJUST
1560 void time_interpolator_update(long delta_nsec)
1563 unsigned long offset;
1565 /* If there is no time interpolator set up then do nothing */
1566 if (!time_interpolator)
1570 * The interpolator compensates for late ticks by accumulating the late
1571 * time in time_interpolator->offset. A tick earlier than expected will
1572 * lead to a reset of the offset and a corresponding jump of the clock
1573 * forward. Again this only works if the interpolator clock is running
1574 * slightly slower than the regular clock and the tuning logic insures
1578 counter = time_interpolator_get_counter(1);
1579 offset = time_interpolator->offset +
1580 GET_TI_NSECS(counter, time_interpolator);
1582 if (delta_nsec < 0 || (unsigned long) delta_nsec < offset)
1583 time_interpolator->offset = offset - delta_nsec;
1585 time_interpolator->skips++;
1586 time_interpolator->ns_skipped += delta_nsec - offset;
1587 time_interpolator->offset = 0;
1589 time_interpolator->last_counter = counter;
1591 /* Tuning logic for time interpolator invoked every minute or so.
1592 * Decrease interpolator clock speed if no skips occurred and an offset is carried.
1593 * Increase interpolator clock speed if we skip too much time.
1595 if (jiffies % INTERPOLATOR_ADJUST == 0)
1597 if (time_interpolator->skips == 0 && time_interpolator->offset > tick_nsec)
1598 time_interpolator->nsec_per_cyc--;
1599 if (time_interpolator->ns_skipped > INTERPOLATOR_MAX_SKIP && time_interpolator->offset == 0)
1600 time_interpolator->nsec_per_cyc++;
1601 time_interpolator->skips = 0;
1602 time_interpolator->ns_skipped = 0;
1607 is_better_time_interpolator(struct time_interpolator *new)
1609 if (!time_interpolator)
1611 return new->frequency > 2*time_interpolator->frequency ||
1612 (unsigned long)new->drift < (unsigned long)time_interpolator->drift;
1616 register_time_interpolator(struct time_interpolator *ti)
1618 unsigned long flags;
1621 BUG_ON(ti->frequency == 0 || ti->mask == 0);
1623 ti->nsec_per_cyc = ((u64)NSEC_PER_SEC << ti->shift) / ti->frequency;
1624 spin_lock(&time_interpolator_lock);
1625 write_seqlock_irqsave(&xtime_lock, flags);
1626 if (is_better_time_interpolator(ti)) {
1627 time_interpolator = ti;
1628 time_interpolator_reset();
1630 write_sequnlock_irqrestore(&xtime_lock, flags);
1632 ti->next = time_interpolator_list;
1633 time_interpolator_list = ti;
1634 spin_unlock(&time_interpolator_lock);
1638 unregister_time_interpolator(struct time_interpolator *ti)
1640 struct time_interpolator *curr, **prev;
1641 unsigned long flags;
1643 spin_lock(&time_interpolator_lock);
1644 prev = &time_interpolator_list;
1645 for (curr = *prev; curr; curr = curr->next) {
1653 write_seqlock_irqsave(&xtime_lock, flags);
1654 if (ti == time_interpolator) {
1655 /* we lost the best time-interpolator: */
1656 time_interpolator = NULL;
1657 /* find the next-best interpolator */
1658 for (curr = time_interpolator_list; curr; curr = curr->next)
1659 if (is_better_time_interpolator(curr))
1660 time_interpolator = curr;
1661 time_interpolator_reset();
1663 write_sequnlock_irqrestore(&xtime_lock, flags);
1664 spin_unlock(&time_interpolator_lock);
1666 #endif /* CONFIG_TIME_INTERPOLATION */
1669 * msleep - sleep safely even with waitqueue interruptions
1670 * @msecs: Time in milliseconds to sleep for
1672 void msleep(unsigned int msecs)
1674 unsigned long timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(msecs) + 1;
1677 timeout = schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(timeout);
1680 EXPORT_SYMBOL(msleep);
1683 * msleep_interruptible - sleep waiting for signals
1684 * @msecs: Time in milliseconds to sleep for
1686 unsigned long msleep_interruptible(unsigned int msecs)
1688 unsigned long timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(msecs) + 1;
1690 while (timeout && !signal_pending(current))
1691 timeout = schedule_timeout_interruptible(timeout);
1692 return jiffies_to_msecs(timeout);
1695 EXPORT_SYMBOL(msleep_interruptible);