2 Sound Blaster Live mixer / default DSP code
3 ===========================================
6 The EMU10K1 chips have a DSP part which can be programmed to support
7 various ways of sample processing, which is described here.
8 (This acticle does not deal with the overall functionality of the
9 EMU10K1 chips. See the manuals section for further details.)
11 The ALSA driver programs this portion of chip by default code
12 (can be altered later) which offers the following functionality:
15 1) IEC958 (S/PDIF) raw PCM
16 --------------------------
18 This PCM device (it's the 4th PCM device (index 3!) and first subdevice
19 (index 0) for a given card) allows to forward 48kHz, stereo, 16-bit
20 little endian streams without any modifications to the digital output
21 (coaxial or optical). The universal interface allows the creation of up
22 to 8 raw PCM devices operating at 48kHz, 16-bit little endian. It would
23 be easy to add support for multichannel devices to the current code,
24 but the conversion routines exist only for stereo (2-channel streams)
27 Look to tram_poke routines in lowlevel/emu10k1/emufx.c for more details.
30 2) Digital mixer controls
31 -------------------------
33 These controls are built using the DSP instructions. They offer extended
34 functionality. Only the default build-in code in the ALSA driver is described
35 here. Note that the controls work as attenuators: the maximum value is the
36 neutral position leaving the signal unchanged. Note that if the same destination
37 is mentioned in multiple controls, the signal is accumulated and can be wrapped
38 (set to maximal or minimal value without checking of overflow).
41 Explanation of used abbreviations:
43 DAC - digital to analog converter
44 ADC - analog to digital converter
45 I2S - one-way three wire serial bus for digital sound by Philips Semiconductors
46 (this standard is used for connecting standalone DAC and ADC converters)
47 LFE - low frequency effects (subwoofer signal)
48 AC97 - a chip containing an analog mixer, DAC and ADC converters
50 FX-bus - the EMU10K1 chip has an effect bus containing 16 accumulators.
51 Each of the synthesizer voices can feed its output to these accumulators
52 and the DSP microcontroller can operate with the resulting sum.
55 name='Wave Playback Volume',index=0
57 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right PCM FX-bus
58 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 0 and 1 for left and right PCM samples.
59 The result samples are forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots of the AC97 codec.
61 name='Wave Surround Playback Volume',index=0
63 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right PCM FX-bus
64 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 0 and 1 for left and right PCM samples.
65 The result samples are forwarded to the rear I2S DACs. These DACs operates
66 separately (they are not inside the AC97 codec).
68 name='Wave Center Playback Volume',index=0
70 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right PCM FX-bus
71 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 0 and 1 for left and right PCM samples.
72 The result is mixed to mono signal (single channel) and forwarded to
73 the ??rear?? right DAC PCM slot of the AC97 codec.
75 name='Wave LFE Playback Volume',index=0
77 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right PCM FX-bus
78 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 0 and 1 for left and right PCM.
79 The result is mixed to mono signal (single channel) and forwarded to
80 the ??rear?? left DAC PCM slot of the AC97 codec.
82 name='Wave Capture Volume',index=0
83 name='Wave Capture Switch',index=0
85 These controls are used to attenuate samples for left and right PCM FX-bus
86 accumulator. ALSA uses accumulators 0 and 1 for left and right PCM.
87 The result is forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture
90 name='Music Playback Volume',index=0
92 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right MIDI FX-bus
93 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 4 and 5 for left and right MIDI samples.
94 The result samples are forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots of the AC97 codec.
96 name='Music Capture Volume',index=0
97 name='Music Capture Switch',index=0
99 These controls are used to attenuate samples for left and right MIDI FX-bus
100 accumulator. ALSA uses accumulators 4 and 5 for left and right PCM.
101 The result is forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture
104 name='Surround Playback Volume',index=0
106 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right rear PCM FX-bus
107 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 2 and 3 for left and right rear PCM samples.
108 The result samples are forwarded to the rear I2S DACs. These DACs operate
109 separately (they are not inside the AC97 codec).
111 name='Surround Capture Volume',index=0
112 name='Surround Capture Switch',index=0
114 These controls are used to attenuate samples for left and right rear PCM FX-bus
115 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 2 and 3 for left and right rear PCM samples.
116 The result is forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture
119 name='Center Playback Volume',index=0
121 This control is used to attenuate sample for center PCM FX-bus accumulator.
122 ALSA uses accumulator 6 for center PCM sample. The result sample is forwarded
123 to the ??rear?? right DAC PCM slot of the AC97 codec.
125 name='LFE Playback Volume',index=0
127 This control is used to attenuate sample for center PCM FX-bus accumulator.
128 ALSA uses accumulator 6 for center PCM sample. The result sample is forwarded
129 to the ??rear?? left DAC PCM slot of the AC97 codec.
131 name='AC97 Playback Volume',index=0
133 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right front ADC PCM slots
134 of the AC97 codec. The result samples are forwarded to the front DAC PCM
135 slots of the AC97 codec.
136 ********************************************************************************
137 *** Note: This control should be zero for the standard operations, otherwise ***
138 *** a digital loopback is activated. ***
139 ********************************************************************************
141 name='AC97 Capture Volume',index=0
143 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right front ADC PCM slots
144 of the AC97 codec. The result is forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to
145 the standard capture PCM device).
146 ********************************************************************************
147 *** Note: This control should be 100 (maximal value), otherwise no analog ***
148 *** inputs of the AC97 codec can be captured (recorded). ***
149 ********************************************************************************
151 name='IEC958 TTL Playback Volume',index=0
153 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 TTL
154 digital inputs (usually used by a CDROM drive). The result samples are
155 forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots of the AC97 codec.
157 name='IEC958 TTL Capture Volume',index=0
159 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 TTL
160 digital inputs (usually used by a CDROM drive). The result samples are
161 forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture PCM device).
163 name='Zoom Video Playback Volume',index=0
165 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right zoom video
166 digital inputs (usually used by a CDROM drive). The result samples are
167 forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots of the AC97 codec.
169 name='Zoom Video Capture Volume',index=0
171 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right zoom video
172 digital inputs (usually used by a CDROM drive). The result samples are
173 forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture PCM device).
175 name='IEC958 LiveDrive Playback Volume',index=0
177 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 optical
178 digital input. The result samples are forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots
181 name='IEC958 LiveDrive Capture Volume',index=0
183 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 optical
184 digital inputs. The result samples are forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO
185 (thus to the standard capture PCM device).
187 name='IEC958 Coaxial Playback Volume',index=0
189 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 coaxial
190 digital inputs. The result samples are forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots
193 name='IEC958 Coaxial Capture Volume',index=0
195 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 coaxial
196 digital inputs. The result samples are forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO
197 (thus to the standard capture PCM device).
199 name='Line LiveDrive Playback Volume',index=0
200 name='Line LiveDrive Playback Volume',index=1
202 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right I2S ADC
203 inputs (on the LiveDrive). The result samples are forwarded to the front
204 DAC PCM slots of the AC97 codec.
206 name='Line LiveDrive Capture Volume',index=1
207 name='Line LiveDrive Capture Volume',index=1
209 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right I2S ADC
210 inputs (on the LiveDrive). The result samples are forwarded to the ADC
211 capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture PCM device).
213 name='Tone Control - Switch',index=0
215 This control turns the tone control on or off. The samples for front, rear
216 and center / LFE outputs are affected.
218 name='Tone Control - Bass',index=0
220 This control sets the bass intensity. There is no neutral value!!
221 When the tone control code is activated, the samples are always modified.
222 The closest value to pure signal is 20.
224 name='Tone Control - Treble',index=0
226 This control sets the treble intensity. There is no neutral value!!
227 When the tone control code is activated, the samples are always modified.
228 The closest value to pure signal is 20.
230 name='IEC958 Optical Raw Playback Switch',index=0
232 If this switch is on, then the samples for the IEC958 (S/PDIF) digital
233 output are taken only from the raw FX8010 PCM, otherwise standard front
234 PCM samples are taken.
236 name='Headphone Playback Volume',index=1
238 This control attenuates the samples for the headphone output.
240 name='Headphone Center Playback Switch',index=1
242 If this switch is on, then the sample for the center PCM is put to the
243 left headphone output (useful for SB Live cards without separate center/LFE
246 name='Headphone LFE Playback Switch',index=1
248 If this switch is on, then the sample for the center PCM is put to the
249 right headphone output (useful for SB Live cards without separate center/LFE
253 3) PCM stream related controls
254 ------------------------------
256 name='EMU10K1 PCM Volume',index 0-31
258 Channel volume attenuation in range 0-0xffff. The maximum value (no
259 attenuation) is default. The channel mapping for three values is
262 0 - mono, default 0xffff (no attenuation)
263 1 - left, default 0xffff (no attenuation)
264 2 - right, default 0xffff (no attenuation)
266 name='EMU10K1 PCM Send Routing',index 0-31
268 This control specifies the destination - FX-bus accumulators. There are
269 twelve values with this mapping:
271 0 - mono, A destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 0
272 1 - mono, B destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 1
273 2 - mono, C destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 2
274 3 - mono, D destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 3
275 4 - left, A destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 0
276 5 - left, B destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 1
277 6 - left, C destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 2
278 7 - left, D destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 3
279 8 - right, A destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 0
280 9 - right, B destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 1
281 10 - right, C destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 2
282 11 - right, D destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 3
284 Don't forget that it's illegal to assign a channel to the same FX-bus accumulator
285 more than once (it means 0=0 && 1=0 is an invalid combination).
287 name='EMU10K1 PCM Send Volume',index 0-31
289 It specifies the attenuation (amount) for given destination in range 0-255.
290 The channel mapping is following:
292 0 - mono, A destination attn, default 255 (no attenuation)
293 1 - mono, B destination attn, default 255 (no attenuation)
294 2 - mono, C destination attn, default 0 (mute)
295 3 - mono, D destination attn, default 0 (mute)
296 4 - left, A destination attn, default 255 (no attenuation)
297 5 - left, B destination attn, default 0 (mute)
298 6 - left, C destination attn, default 0 (mute)
299 7 - left, D destination attn, default 0 (mute)
300 8 - right, A destination attn, default 0 (mute)
301 9 - right, B destination attn, default 255 (no attenuation)
302 10 - right, C destination attn, default 0 (mute)
303 11 - right, D destination attn, default 0 (mute)
310 ftp://opensource.creative.com/pub/doc
311 -------------------------------------
314 LM4545.pdf AC97 Codec
316 m2049.pdf The EMU10K1 Digital Audio Processor
318 hog63.ps FX8010 - A DSP Chip Architecture for Audio Effects
324 WO 9901813 (A1) Audio Effects Processor with multiple asynchronous (Jan. 14, 1999)
327 WO 9901814 (A1) Processor with Instruction Set for Audio Effects (Jan. 14, 1999)
329 WO 9901953 (A1) Audio Effects Processor having Decoupled Instruction
330 Execution and Audio Data Sequencing (Jan. 14, 1999)
333 US Patents (http://www.uspto.gov/)
334 ----------------------------------
336 US 5925841 Digital Sampling Instrument employing cache memory (Jul. 20, 1999)
338 US 5928342 Audio Effects Processor integrated on a single chip (Jul. 27, 1999)
339 with a multiport memory onto which multiple asynchronous
340 digital sound samples can be concurrently loaded
342 US 5930158 Processor with Instruction Set for Audio Effects (Jul. 27, 1999)
344 US 6032235 Memory initialization circuit (Tram) (Feb. 29, 2000)
346 US 6138207 Interpolation looping of audio samples in cache connected to (Oct. 24, 2000)
347 system bus with prioritization and modification of bus transfers
348 in accordance with loop ends and minimum block sizes
350 US 6151670 Method for conserving memory storage using a (Nov. 21, 2000)
351 pool of short term memory registers
353 US 6195715 Interrupt control for multiple programs communicating with (Feb. 27, 2001)
354 a common interrupt by associating programs to GP registers,
355 defining interrupt register, polling GP registers, and invoking
356 callback routine associated with defined interrupt register