2 * rfd_ftl.c -- resident flash disk (flash translation layer)
4 * Copyright (C) 2005 Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
6 * $Id: rfd_ftl.c,v 1.4 2005/07/31 22:49:14 sean Exp $
8 * This type of flash translation layer (FTL) is used by the Embedded BIOS
9 * by General Software. It is known as the Resident Flash Disk (RFD), see:
11 * http://www.gensw.com/pages/prod/bios/rfd.htm
16 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/mtd/blktrans.h>
19 #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
20 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
22 #include <asm/types.h>
24 #define const_cpu_to_le16 __constant_cpu_to_le16
26 static int block_size = 0;
27 module_param(block_size, int, 0);
28 MODULE_PARM_DESC(block_size, "Block size to use by RFD, defaults to erase unit size");
30 #define PREFIX "rfd_ftl: "
32 /* Major device # for FTL device */
34 /* A request for this major has been sent to device@lanana.org */
36 #define RFD_FTL_MAJOR 95
39 /* Maximum number of partitions in an FTL region */
42 /* An erase unit should start with this value */
43 #define RFD_MAGIC 0x9193
45 /* the second value is 0xffff or 0xffc8; function unknown */
47 /* the third value is always 0xffff, ignored */
49 /* next is an array of mapping for each corresponding sector */
50 #define HEADER_MAP_OFFSET 3
51 #define SECTOR_DELETED 0x0000
52 #define SECTOR_ZERO 0xfffe
53 #define SECTOR_FREE 0xffff
55 #define SECTOR_SIZE 512
57 #define SECTORS_PER_TRACK 63
73 struct mtd_blktrans_dev mbd;
75 u_int block_size; /* size of erase unit */
76 u_int total_blocks; /* number of erase units */
77 u_int header_sectors_per_block; /* header sectors in erase unit */
78 u_int data_sectors_per_block; /* data sectors in erase unit */
79 u_int sector_count; /* sectors in translated disk */
80 u_int header_size; /* bytes in header sector */
81 int reserved_block; /* block next up for reclaim */
82 int current_block; /* block to write to */
83 u16 *header_cache; /* cached header */
92 static int rfd_ftl_writesect(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev, u_long sector, char *buf);
94 static int build_block_map(struct partition *part, int block_no)
96 struct block *block = &part->blocks[block_no];
99 block->offset = part->block_size * block_no;
101 if (le16_to_cpu(part->header_cache[0]) != RFD_MAGIC) {
102 block->state = BLOCK_ERASED; /* assumption */
103 block->free_sectors = part->data_sectors_per_block;
104 part->reserved_block = block_no;
108 block->state = BLOCK_OK;
110 for (i=0; i<part->data_sectors_per_block; i++) {
113 entry = le16_to_cpu(part->header_cache[HEADER_MAP_OFFSET + i]);
115 if (entry == SECTOR_DELETED)
118 if (entry == SECTOR_FREE) {
119 block->free_sectors++;
123 if (entry == SECTOR_ZERO)
126 if (entry >= part->sector_count) {
127 printk(KERN_NOTICE PREFIX
128 "'%s': unit #%d: entry %d corrupt, "
129 "sector %d out of range\n",
130 part->mbd.mtd->name, block_no, i, entry);
134 if (part->sector_map[entry] != -1) {
135 printk(KERN_NOTICE PREFIX
136 "'%s': more than one entry for sector %d\n",
137 part->mbd.mtd->name, entry);
142 part->sector_map[entry] = block->offset +
143 (i + part->header_sectors_per_block) * SECTOR_SIZE;
145 block->used_sectors++;
148 if (block->free_sectors == part->data_sectors_per_block)
149 part->reserved_block = block_no;
154 static int scan_header(struct partition *part)
156 int sectors_per_block;
161 sectors_per_block = part->block_size / SECTOR_SIZE;
162 part->total_blocks = part->mbd.mtd->size / part->block_size;
164 if (part->total_blocks < 2)
167 /* each erase block has three bytes header, followed by the map */
168 part->header_sectors_per_block =
169 ((HEADER_MAP_OFFSET + sectors_per_block) *
170 sizeof(u16) + SECTOR_SIZE - 1) / SECTOR_SIZE;
172 part->data_sectors_per_block = sectors_per_block -
173 part->header_sectors_per_block;
175 part->header_size = (HEADER_MAP_OFFSET +
176 part->data_sectors_per_block) * sizeof(u16);
178 part->cylinders = (part->data_sectors_per_block *
179 (part->total_blocks - 1) - 1) / SECTORS_PER_TRACK;
181 part->sector_count = part->cylinders * SECTORS_PER_TRACK;
183 part->current_block = -1;
184 part->reserved_block = -1;
185 part->is_reclaiming = 0;
187 part->header_cache = kmalloc(part->header_size, GFP_KERNEL);
188 if (!part->header_cache)
191 part->blocks = kcalloc(part->total_blocks, sizeof(struct block),
196 part->sector_map = vmalloc(part->sector_count * sizeof(u_long));
197 if (!part->sector_map) {
198 printk(KERN_ERR PREFIX "'%s': unable to allocate memory for "
199 "sector map", part->mbd.mtd->name);
203 for (i=0; i<part->sector_count; i++)
204 part->sector_map[i] = -1;
206 for (i=0, blocks_found=0; i<part->total_blocks; i++) {
207 rc = part->mbd.mtd->read(part->mbd.mtd,
208 i * part->block_size, part->header_size,
209 &retlen, (u_char*)part->header_cache);
211 if (!rc && retlen != part->header_size)
217 if (!build_block_map(part, i))
221 if (blocks_found == 0) {
222 printk(KERN_NOTICE PREFIX "no RFD magic found in '%s'\n",
223 part->mbd.mtd->name);
228 if (part->reserved_block == -1) {
229 printk(KERN_NOTICE PREFIX "'%s': no empty erase unit found\n",
230 part->mbd.mtd->name);
238 vfree(part->sector_map);
239 kfree(part->header_cache);
245 static int rfd_ftl_readsect(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev, u_long sector, char *buf)
247 struct partition *part = (struct partition*)dev;
252 if (sector >= part->sector_count)
255 addr = part->sector_map[sector];
257 rc = part->mbd.mtd->read(part->mbd.mtd, addr, SECTOR_SIZE,
258 &retlen, (u_char*)buf);
259 if (!rc && retlen != SECTOR_SIZE)
263 printk(KERN_WARNING PREFIX "error reading '%s' at "
264 "0x%lx\n", part->mbd.mtd->name, addr);
268 memset(buf, 0, SECTOR_SIZE);
273 static void erase_callback(struct erase_info *erase)
275 struct partition *part;
280 part = (struct partition*)erase->priv;
282 i = erase->addr / part->block_size;
283 if (i >= part->total_blocks || part->blocks[i].offset != erase->addr) {
284 printk(KERN_ERR PREFIX "erase callback for unknown offset %x "
285 "on '%s'\n", erase->addr, part->mbd.mtd->name);
289 if (erase->state != MTD_ERASE_DONE) {
290 printk(KERN_WARNING PREFIX "erase failed at 0x%x on '%s', "
291 "state %d\n", erase->addr,
292 part->mbd.mtd->name, erase->state);
294 part->blocks[i].state = BLOCK_FAILED;
295 part->blocks[i].free_sectors = 0;
296 part->blocks[i].used_sectors = 0;
303 magic = const_cpu_to_le16(RFD_MAGIC);
305 part->blocks[i].state = BLOCK_ERASED;
306 part->blocks[i].free_sectors = part->data_sectors_per_block;
307 part->blocks[i].used_sectors = 0;
308 part->blocks[i].erases++;
310 rc = part->mbd.mtd->write(part->mbd.mtd,
311 part->blocks[i].offset, sizeof(magic), &retlen,
314 if (!rc && retlen != sizeof(magic))
318 printk(KERN_NOTICE PREFIX "'%s': unable to write RFD "
321 part->blocks[i].offset);
322 part->blocks[i].state = BLOCK_FAILED;
325 part->blocks[i].state = BLOCK_OK;
330 static int erase_block(struct partition *part, int block)
332 struct erase_info *erase;
335 erase = kmalloc(sizeof(struct erase_info), GFP_KERNEL);
339 erase->mtd = part->mbd.mtd;
340 erase->callback = erase_callback;
341 erase->addr = part->blocks[block].offset;
342 erase->len = part->block_size;
343 erase->priv = (u_long)part;
345 part->blocks[block].state = BLOCK_ERASING;
346 part->blocks[block].free_sectors = 0;
348 rc = part->mbd.mtd->erase(part->mbd.mtd, erase);
351 printk(KERN_WARNING PREFIX "erase of region %x,%x on '%s' "
352 "failed\n", erase->addr, erase->len,
353 part->mbd.mtd->name);
361 static int move_block_contents(struct partition *part, int block_no, u_long *old_sector)
368 part->is_reclaiming = 1;
370 sector_data = kmalloc(SECTOR_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
374 map = kmalloc(part->header_size, GFP_KERNEL);
378 rc = part->mbd.mtd->read(part->mbd.mtd,
379 part->blocks[block_no].offset, part->header_size,
380 &retlen, (u_char*)map);
382 if (!rc && retlen != part->header_size)
386 printk(KERN_NOTICE PREFIX "error reading '%s' at "
387 "0x%lx\n", part->mbd.mtd->name,
388 part->blocks[block_no].offset);
393 for (i=0; i<part->data_sectors_per_block; i++) {
394 u16 entry = le16_to_cpu(map[HEADER_MAP_OFFSET + i]);
398 if (entry == SECTOR_FREE || entry == SECTOR_DELETED)
401 if (entry == SECTOR_ZERO)
404 /* already warned about and ignored in build_block_map() */
405 if (entry >= part->sector_count)
408 addr = part->blocks[block_no].offset +
409 (i + part->header_sectors_per_block) * SECTOR_SIZE;
411 if (*old_sector == addr) {
413 if (!part->blocks[block_no].used_sectors--) {
414 rc = erase_block(part, block_no);
419 rc = part->mbd.mtd->read(part->mbd.mtd, addr,
420 SECTOR_SIZE, &retlen, sector_data);
422 if (!rc && retlen != SECTOR_SIZE)
426 printk(KERN_NOTICE PREFIX "'%s': Unable to "
427 "read sector for relocation\n",
428 part->mbd.mtd->name);
433 rc = rfd_ftl_writesect((struct mtd_blktrans_dev*)part,
445 part->is_reclaiming = 0;
450 static int reclaim_block(struct partition *part, u_long *old_sector)
452 int block, best_block, score, old_sector_block;
455 /* we have a race if sync doesn't exist */
456 if (part->mbd.mtd->sync)
457 part->mbd.mtd->sync(part->mbd.mtd);
459 score = 0x7fffffff; /* MAX_INT */
461 if (*old_sector != -1)
462 old_sector_block = *old_sector / part->block_size;
464 old_sector_block = -1;
466 for (block=0; block<part->total_blocks; block++) {
469 if (block == part->reserved_block)
473 * Postpone reclaiming if there is a free sector as
474 * more removed sectors is more efficient (have to move
477 if (part->blocks[block].free_sectors)
480 this_score = part->blocks[block].used_sectors;
482 if (block == old_sector_block)
485 /* no point in moving a full block */
486 if (part->blocks[block].used_sectors ==
487 part->data_sectors_per_block)
491 this_score += part->blocks[block].erases;
493 if (this_score < score) {
499 if (best_block == -1)
502 part->current_block = -1;
503 part->reserved_block = best_block;
505 pr_debug("reclaim_block: reclaiming block #%d with %d used "
506 "%d free sectors\n", best_block,
507 part->blocks[best_block].used_sectors,
508 part->blocks[best_block].free_sectors);
510 if (part->blocks[best_block].used_sectors)
511 rc = move_block_contents(part, best_block, old_sector);
513 rc = erase_block(part, best_block);
519 * IMPROVE: It would be best to choose the block with the most deleted sectors,
520 * because if we fill that one up first it'll have the most chance of having
521 * the least live sectors at reclaim.
523 static int find_free_block(const struct partition *part)
527 block = part->current_block == -1 ?
528 jiffies % part->total_blocks : part->current_block;
532 if (part->blocks[block].free_sectors &&
533 block != part->reserved_block)
536 if (++block >= part->total_blocks)
539 } while (block != stop);
544 static int find_writeable_block(struct partition *part, u_long *old_sector)
549 block = find_free_block(part);
552 if (!part->is_reclaiming) {
553 rc = reclaim_block(part, old_sector);
557 block = find_free_block(part);
566 rc = part->mbd.mtd->read(part->mbd.mtd, part->blocks[block].offset,
567 part->header_size, &retlen, (u_char*)part->header_cache);
569 if (!rc && retlen != part->header_size)
573 printk(KERN_NOTICE PREFIX "'%s': unable to read header at "
574 "0x%lx\n", part->mbd.mtd->name,
575 part->blocks[block].offset);
579 part->current_block = block;
585 static int mark_sector_deleted(struct partition *part, u_long old_addr)
587 int block, offset, rc;
590 u16 del = const_cpu_to_le16(SECTOR_DELETED);
592 block = old_addr / part->block_size;
593 offset = (old_addr % part->block_size) / SECTOR_SIZE -
594 part->header_sectors_per_block;
596 addr = part->blocks[block].offset +
597 (HEADER_MAP_OFFSET + offset) * sizeof(u16);
598 rc = part->mbd.mtd->write(part->mbd.mtd, addr,
599 sizeof(del), &retlen, (u_char*)&del);
601 if (!rc && retlen != sizeof(del))
605 printk(KERN_WARNING PREFIX "error writing '%s' at "
606 "0x%lx\n", part->mbd.mtd->name, addr);
610 if (block == part->current_block)
611 part->header_cache[offset + HEADER_MAP_OFFSET] = del;
613 part->blocks[block].used_sectors--;
615 if (!part->blocks[block].used_sectors &&
616 !part->blocks[block].free_sectors)
617 rc = erase_block(part, block);
623 static int find_free_sector(const struct partition *part, const struct block *block)
627 i = stop = part->data_sectors_per_block - block->free_sectors;
630 if (le16_to_cpu(part->header_cache[HEADER_MAP_OFFSET + i])
634 if (++i == part->data_sectors_per_block)
642 static int do_writesect(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev, u_long sector, char *buf, ulong *old_addr)
644 struct partition *part = (struct partition*)dev;
652 if (part->current_block == -1 ||
653 !part->blocks[part->current_block].free_sectors) {
655 rc = find_writeable_block(part, old_addr);
660 block = &part->blocks[part->current_block];
662 i = find_free_sector(part, block);
669 addr = (i + part->header_sectors_per_block) * SECTOR_SIZE +
671 rc = part->mbd.mtd->write(part->mbd.mtd,
672 addr, SECTOR_SIZE, &retlen, (u_char*)buf);
674 if (!rc && retlen != SECTOR_SIZE)
678 printk(KERN_WARNING PREFIX "error writing '%s' at 0x%lx\n",
679 part->mbd.mtd->name, addr);
684 part->sector_map[sector] = addr;
686 entry = cpu_to_le16(sector == 0 ? SECTOR_ZERO : sector);
688 part->header_cache[i + HEADER_MAP_OFFSET] = entry;
690 addr = block->offset + (HEADER_MAP_OFFSET + i) * sizeof(u16);
691 rc = part->mbd.mtd->write(part->mbd.mtd, addr,
692 sizeof(entry), &retlen, (u_char*)&entry);
694 if (!rc && retlen != sizeof(entry))
698 printk(KERN_WARNING PREFIX "error writing '%s' at 0x%lx\n",
699 part->mbd.mtd->name, addr);
703 block->used_sectors++;
704 block->free_sectors--;
710 static int rfd_ftl_writesect(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev, u_long sector, char *buf)
712 struct partition *part = (struct partition*)dev;
717 pr_debug("rfd_ftl_writesect(sector=0x%lx)\n", sector);
719 if (part->reserved_block == -1) {
724 if (sector >= part->sector_count) {
729 old_addr = part->sector_map[sector];
731 for (i=0; i<SECTOR_SIZE; i++) {
735 rc = do_writesect(dev, sector, buf, &old_addr);
741 if (i == SECTOR_SIZE)
742 part->sector_map[sector] = -1;
745 rc = mark_sector_deleted(part, old_addr);
751 static int rfd_ftl_getgeo(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev, struct hd_geometry *geo)
753 struct partition *part = (struct partition*)dev;
756 geo->sectors = SECTORS_PER_TRACK;
757 geo->cylinders = part->cylinders;
762 static void rfd_ftl_add_mtd(struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr, struct mtd_info *mtd)
764 struct partition *part;
766 if (mtd->type != MTD_NORFLASH)
769 part = kcalloc(1, sizeof(struct partition), GFP_KERNEL);
776 part->block_size = block_size;
778 if (!mtd->erasesize) {
779 printk(KERN_NOTICE PREFIX "please provide block_size");
783 part->block_size = mtd->erasesize;
786 if (scan_header(part) == 0) {
787 part->mbd.size = part->sector_count;
788 part->mbd.blksize = SECTOR_SIZE;
790 part->mbd.devnum = -1;
791 if (!(mtd->flags & MTD_WRITEABLE))
792 part->mbd.readonly = 1;
793 else if (part->errors) {
794 printk(KERN_NOTICE PREFIX "'%s': errors found, "
795 "setting read-only", mtd->name);
796 part->mbd.readonly = 1;
799 printk(KERN_INFO PREFIX "name: '%s' type: %d flags %x\n",
800 mtd->name, mtd->type, mtd->flags);
802 if (!add_mtd_blktrans_dev((void*)part))
809 static void rfd_ftl_remove_dev(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev)
811 struct partition *part = (struct partition*)dev;
814 for (i=0; i<part->total_blocks; i++) {
815 pr_debug("rfd_ftl_remove_dev:'%s': erase unit #%02d: %d erases\n",
816 part->mbd.mtd->name, i, part->blocks[i].erases);
819 del_mtd_blktrans_dev(dev);
820 vfree(part->sector_map);
821 kfree(part->header_cache);
826 struct mtd_blktrans_ops rfd_ftl_tr = {
828 .major = RFD_FTL_MAJOR,
829 .part_bits = PART_BITS,
830 .readsect = rfd_ftl_readsect,
831 .writesect = rfd_ftl_writesect,
832 .getgeo = rfd_ftl_getgeo,
833 .add_mtd = rfd_ftl_add_mtd,
834 .remove_dev = rfd_ftl_remove_dev,
835 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
838 static int __init init_rfd_ftl(void)
840 return register_mtd_blktrans(&rfd_ftl_tr);
843 static void __exit cleanup_rfd_ftl(void)
845 deregister_mtd_blktrans(&rfd_ftl_tr);
848 module_init(init_rfd_ftl);
849 module_exit(cleanup_rfd_ftl);
851 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
852 MODULE_AUTHOR("Sean Young <sean@mess.org>");
853 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Support code for RFD Flash Translation Layer, "
854 "used by General Software's Embedded BIOS");