1 /******************************************************************************
4 * Generic x86 (32-bit and 64-bit) instruction decoder and emulator.
6 * Copyright (c) 2005 Keir Fraser
8 * From: xen-unstable 10676:af9809f51f81a3c43f276f00c81a52ef558afda4
11 #ifndef __X86_EMULATE_H__
12 #define __X86_EMULATE_H__
14 struct x86_emulate_ctxt;
19 * These operations represent the instruction emulator's interface to memory.
20 * There are two categories of operation: those that act on ordinary memory
21 * regions (*_std), and those that act on memory regions known to require
22 * special treatment or emulation (*_emulated).
24 * The emulator assumes that an instruction accesses only one 'emulated memory'
25 * location, that this location is the given linear faulting address (cr2), and
26 * that this is one of the instruction's data operands. Instruction fetches and
27 * stack operations are assumed never to access emulated memory. The emulator
28 * automatically deduces which operand of a string-move operation is accessing
29 * emulated memory, and assumes that the other operand accesses normal memory.
32 * 1. The emulator isn't very smart about emulated vs. standard memory.
33 * 'Emulated memory' access addresses should be checked for sanity.
34 * 'Normal memory' accesses may fault, and the caller must arrange to
35 * detect and handle reentrancy into the emulator via recursive faults.
36 * Accesses may be unaligned and may cross page boundaries.
37 * 2. If the access fails (cannot emulate, or a standard access faults) then
38 * it is up to the memop to propagate the fault to the guest VM via
39 * some out-of-band mechanism, unknown to the emulator. The memop signals
40 * failure by returning X86EMUL_PROPAGATE_FAULT to the emulator, which will
41 * then immediately bail.
42 * 3. Valid access sizes are 1, 2, 4 and 8 bytes. On x86/32 systems only
43 * cmpxchg8b_emulated need support 8-byte accesses.
44 * 4. The emulator cannot handle 64-bit mode emulation on an x86/32 system.
46 /* Access completed successfully: continue emulation as normal. */
47 #define X86EMUL_CONTINUE 0
48 /* Access is unhandleable: bail from emulation and return error to caller. */
49 #define X86EMUL_UNHANDLEABLE 1
50 /* Terminate emulation but return success to the caller. */
51 #define X86EMUL_PROPAGATE_FAULT 2 /* propagate a generated fault to guest */
52 #define X86EMUL_RETRY_INSTR 2 /* retry the instruction for some reason */
53 #define X86EMUL_CMPXCHG_FAILED 2 /* cmpxchg did not see expected value */
54 struct x86_emulate_ops {
56 * read_std: Read bytes of standard (non-emulated/special) memory.
57 * Used for instruction fetch, stack operations, and others.
58 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address from which to read.
59 * @val: [OUT] Value read from memory, zero-extended to 'u_long'.
60 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to read from memory.
62 int (*read_std)(unsigned long addr, void *val,
63 unsigned int bytes, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
66 * write_std: Write bytes of standard (non-emulated/special) memory.
67 * Used for stack operations, and others.
68 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address to which to write.
69 * @val: [IN ] Value to write to memory (low-order bytes used as
71 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to write to memory.
73 int (*write_std)(unsigned long addr, const void *val,
74 unsigned int bytes, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
77 * read_emulated: Read bytes from emulated/special memory area.
78 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address from which to read.
79 * @val: [OUT] Value read from memory, zero-extended to 'u_long'.
80 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to read from memory.
82 int (*read_emulated) (unsigned long addr,
85 struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
88 * write_emulated: Read bytes from emulated/special memory area.
89 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address to which to write.
90 * @val: [IN ] Value to write to memory (low-order bytes used as
92 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to write to memory.
94 int (*write_emulated) (unsigned long addr,
97 struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
100 * cmpxchg_emulated: Emulate an atomic (LOCKed) CMPXCHG operation on an
101 * emulated/special memory area.
102 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address to access.
103 * @old: [IN ] Value expected to be current at @addr.
104 * @new: [IN ] Value to write to @addr.
105 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to access using CMPXCHG.
107 int (*cmpxchg_emulated) (unsigned long addr,
111 struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
115 /* Type, address-of, and value of an instruction's operand. */
117 enum { OP_REG, OP_MEM, OP_IMM } type;
119 unsigned long val, orig_val, *ptr;
122 struct decode_cache {
131 unsigned long *override_base;
133 unsigned long regs[NR_VCPU_REGS];
141 unsigned long modrm_ea;
142 unsigned long modrm_val;
145 struct x86_emulate_ctxt {
146 /* Register state before/after emulation. */
147 struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
149 /* Linear faulting address (if emulating a page-faulting instruction). */
150 unsigned long eflags;
153 /* Emulated execution mode, represented by an X86EMUL_MODE value. */
156 unsigned long cs_base;
157 unsigned long ds_base;
158 unsigned long es_base;
159 unsigned long ss_base;
160 unsigned long gs_base;
161 unsigned long fs_base;
165 struct decode_cache decode;
168 /* Execution mode, passed to the emulator. */
169 #define X86EMUL_MODE_REAL 0 /* Real mode. */
170 #define X86EMUL_MODE_PROT16 2 /* 16-bit protected mode. */
171 #define X86EMUL_MODE_PROT32 4 /* 32-bit protected mode. */
172 #define X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64 8 /* 64-bit (long) mode. */
174 /* Host execution mode. */
175 #if defined(__i386__)
176 #define X86EMUL_MODE_HOST X86EMUL_MODE_PROT32
177 #elif defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
178 #define X86EMUL_MODE_HOST X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64
182 * x86_emulate_memop: Emulate an instruction that faulted attempting to
183 * read/write a 'special' memory area.
184 * Returns -1 on failure, 0 on success.
186 int x86_emulate_memop(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
187 struct x86_emulate_ops *ops);
189 #endif /* __X86_EMULATE_H__ */