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   1 /*                                              -*- linux-c -*-
   2  * dtlk.c - DoubleTalk PC driver for Linux
   3  *
   4  * Original author: Chris Pallotta <chris@allmedia.com>
   5  * Current maintainer: Jim Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>
   6  *
   7  * 2000-03-18 Jim Van Zandt: Fix polling.
   8  *  Eliminate dtlk_timer_active flag and separate dtlk_stop_timer
   9  *  function.  Don't restart timer in dtlk_timer_tick.  Restart timer
  10  *  in dtlk_poll after every poll.  dtlk_poll returns mask (duh).
  11  *  Eliminate unused function dtlk_write_byte.  Misc. code cleanups.
  12  */
  13
  14 /* This driver is for the DoubleTalk PC, a speech synthesizer
  15    manufactured by RC Systems (http://www.rcsys.com/).  It was written
  16    based on documentation in their User's Manual file and Developer's
  17    Tools disk.
  18
  19    The DoubleTalk PC contains four voice synthesizers: text-to-speech
  20    (TTS), linear predictive coding (LPC), PCM/ADPCM, and CVSD.  It
  21    also has a tone generator.  Output data for LPC are written to the
  22    LPC port, and output data for the other modes are written to the
  23    TTS port.
  24
  25    Two kinds of data can be read from the DoubleTalk: status
  26    information (in response to the "\001?" interrogation command) is
  27    read from the TTS port, and index markers (which mark the progress
  28    of the speech) are read from the LPC port.  Not all models of the
  29    DoubleTalk PC implement index markers.  Both the TTS and LPC ports
  30    can also display status flags.
  31
  32    The DoubleTalk PC generates no interrupts.
  33
  34    These characteristics are mapped into the Unix stream I/O model as
  35    follows:
  36
  37    "write" sends bytes to the TTS port.  It is the responsibility of
  38    the user program to switch modes among TTS, PCM/ADPCM, and CVSD.
  39    This driver was written for use with the text-to-speech
  40    synthesizer.  If LPC output is needed some day, other minor device
  41    numbers can be used to select among output modes.
  42
  43    "read" gets index markers from the LPC port.  If the device does
  44    not implement index markers, the read will fail with error EINVAL.
  45
  46    Status information is available using the DTLK_INTERROGATE ioctl.
  47
  48  */
  49
  50 #include <linux/module.h>
  51
  52 #define KERNEL
  53 #include <linux/types.h>
  54 #include <linux/fs.h>
  55 #include <linux/mm.h>
  56 #include <linux/errno.h>        /* for -EBUSY */
  57 #include <linux/ioport.h>       /* for request_region */
  58 #include <linux/delay.h>        /* for loops_per_jiffy */
  59 #include <asm/io.h>             /* for inb_p, outb_p, inb, outb, etc. */
  60 #include <asm/uaccess.h>        /* for get_user, etc. */
  61 #include <linux/wait.h>         /* for wait_queue */
  62 #include <linux/init.h>         /* for __init, module_{init,exit} */
  63 #include <linux/poll.h>         /* for POLLIN, etc. */
  64 #include <linux/dtlk.h>         /* local header file for DoubleTalk values */
  65 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
  66
  67 #ifdef TRACING
  68 #define TRACE_TEXT(str) printk(str);
  69 #define TRACE_RET printk(")")
  70 #else                           /* !TRACING */
  71 #define TRACE_TEXT(str) ((void) 0)
  72 #define TRACE_RET ((void) 0)
  73 #endif                          /* TRACING */
  74
  75
  76 static int dtlk_major;
  77 static int dtlk_port_lpc;
  78 static int dtlk_port_tts;
  79 static int dtlk_busy;
  80 static int dtlk_has_indexing;
  81 static unsigned int dtlk_portlist[] =
  82 {0x25e, 0x29e, 0x2de, 0x31e, 0x35e, 0x39e, 0};
  83 static wait_queue_head_t dtlk_process_list;
  84 static struct timer_list dtlk_timer;
  85
  86 /* prototypes for file_operations struct */
  87 static ssize_t dtlk_read(struct file *, char __user *,
  88                          size_t nbytes, loff_t * ppos);
  89 static ssize_t dtlk_write(struct file *, const char __user *,
  90                           size_t nbytes, loff_t * ppos);
  91 static unsigned int dtlk_poll(struct file *, poll_table *);
  92 static int dtlk_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
  93 static int dtlk_release(struct inode *, struct file *);
  94 static int dtlk_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
  95                       unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
  96
  97 static const struct file_operations dtlk_fops =
  98 {
  99         .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
 100         .read           = dtlk_read,
 101         .write          = dtlk_write,
 102         .poll           = dtlk_poll,
 103         .ioctl          = dtlk_ioctl,
 104         .open           = dtlk_open,
 105         .release        = dtlk_release,
 106 };
 107
 108 /* local prototypes */
 109 static int dtlk_dev_probe(void);
 110 static struct dtlk_settings *dtlk_interrogate(void);
 111 static int dtlk_readable(void);
 112 static char dtlk_read_lpc(void);
 113 static char dtlk_read_tts(void);
 114 static int dtlk_writeable(void);
 115 static char dtlk_write_bytes(const char *buf, int n);
 116 static char dtlk_write_tts(char);
 117 /*
 118    static void dtlk_handle_error(char, char, unsigned int);
 119  */
 120 static void dtlk_timer_tick(unsigned long data);
 121
 122 static ssize_t dtlk_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 123                          size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
 124 {
 125         unsigned int minor = iminor(file->f_dentry->d_inode);
 126         char ch;
 127         int i = 0, retries;
 128
 129         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_read");
 130         /*  printk("DoubleTalk PC - dtlk_read()\n"); */
 131
 132         if (minor != DTLK_MINOR || !dtlk_has_indexing)
 133                 return -EINVAL;
 134
 135         for (retries = 0; retries < loops_per_jiffy; retries++) {
 136                 while (i < count && dtlk_readable()) {
 137                         ch = dtlk_read_lpc();
 138                         /*        printk("dtlk_read() reads 0x%02x\n", ch); */
 139                         if (put_user(ch, buf++))
 140                                 return -EFAULT;
 141                         i++;
 142                 }
 143                 if (i)
 144                         return i;
 145                 if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
 146                         break;
 147                 msleep_interruptible(100);
 148         }
 149         if (retries == loops_per_jiffy)
 150                 printk(KERN_ERR "dtlk_read times out\n");
 151         TRACE_RET;
 152         return -EAGAIN;
 153 }
 154
 155 static ssize_t dtlk_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
 156                           size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
 157 {
 158         int i = 0, retries = 0, ch;
 159
 160         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_write");
 161 #ifdef TRACING
 162         printk(" \"");
 163         {
 164                 int i, ch;
 165                 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 166                         if (get_user(ch, buf + i))
 167                                 return -EFAULT;
 168                         if (' ' <= ch && ch <= '~')
 169                                 printk("%c", ch);
 170                         else
 171                                 printk("\\%03o", ch);
 172                 }
 173                 printk("\"");
 174         }
 175 #endif
 176
 177         if (iminor(file->f_dentry->d_inode) != DTLK_MINOR)
 178                 return -EINVAL;
 179
 180         while (1) {
 181                 while (i < count && !get_user(ch, buf) &&
 182                        (ch == DTLK_CLEAR || dtlk_writeable())) {
 183                         dtlk_write_tts(ch);
 184                         buf++;
 185                         i++;
 186                         if (i % 5 == 0)
 187                                 /* We yield our time until scheduled
 188                                    again.  This reduces the transfer
 189                                    rate to 500 bytes/sec, but that's
 190                                    still enough to keep up with the
 191                                    speech synthesizer. */
 192                                 msleep_interruptible(1);
 193                         else {
 194                                 /* the RDY bit goes zero 2-3 usec
 195                                    after writing, and goes 1 again
 196                                    180-190 usec later.  Here, we wait
 197                                    up to 250 usec for the RDY bit to
 198                                    go nonzero. */
 199                                 for (retries = 0;
 200                                      retries < loops_per_jiffy / (4000/HZ);
 201                                      retries++)
 202                                         if (inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) &
 203                                             TTS_WRITABLE)
 204                                                 break;
 205                         }
 206                         retries = 0;
 207                 }
 208                 if (i == count)
 209                         return i;
 210                 if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
 211                         break;
 212
 213                 msleep_interruptible(1);
 214
 215                 if (++retries > 10 * HZ) { /* wait no more than 10 sec
 216                                               from last write */
 217                         printk("dtlk: write timeout.  "
 218                                "inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) = 0x%02x\n",
 219                                inb_p(dtlk_port_tts));
 220                         TRACE_RET;
 221                         return -EBUSY;
 222                 }
 223         }
 224         TRACE_RET;
 225         return -EAGAIN;
 226 }
 227
 228 static unsigned int dtlk_poll(struct file *file, poll_table * wait)
 229 {
 230         int mask = 0;
 231         unsigned long expires;
 232
 233         TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_poll");
 234         /*
 235            static long int j;
 236            printk(".");
 237            printk("<%ld>", jiffies-j);
 238            j=jiffies;
 239          */
 240         poll_wait(file, &dtlk_process_list, wait);
 241
 242         if (dtlk_has_indexing && dtlk_readable()) {
 243                 del_timer(&dtlk_timer);
 244                 mask = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
 245         }
 246         if (dtlk_writeable()) {
 247                 del_timer(&dtlk_timer);
 248                 mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;
 249         }
 250         /* there are no exception conditions */
 251
 252         /* There won't be any interrupts, so we set a timer instead. */
 253         expires = jiffies + 3*HZ / 100;
 254         mod_timer(&dtlk_timer, expires);
 255
 256         return mask;
 257 }
 258
 259 static void dtlk_timer_tick(unsigned long data)
 260 {
 261         TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_timer_tick");
 262         wake_up_interruptible(&dtlk_process_list);
 263 }
 264
 265 static int dtlk_ioctl(struct inode *inode,
 266                       struct file *file,
 267                       unsigned int cmd,
 268                       unsigned long arg)
 269 {
 270         char __user *argp = (char __user *)arg;
 271         struct dtlk_settings *sp;
 272         char portval;
 273         TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_ioctl");
 274
 275         switch (cmd) {
 276
 277         case DTLK_INTERROGATE:
 278                 sp = dtlk_interrogate();
 279                 if (copy_to_user(argp, sp, sizeof(struct dtlk_settings)))
 280                         return -EINVAL;
 281                 return 0;
 282
 283         case DTLK_STATUS:
 284                 portval = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts);
 285                 return put_user(portval, argp);
 286
 287         default:
 288                 return -EINVAL;
 289         }
 290 }
 291
 292 static int dtlk_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 293 {
 294         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_open");
 295
 296         nonseekable_open(inode, file);
 297         switch (iminor(inode)) {
 298         case DTLK_MINOR:
 299                 if (dtlk_busy)
 300                         return -EBUSY;
 301                 return nonseekable_open(inode, file);
 302
 303         default:
 304                 return -ENXIO;
 305         }
 306 }
 307
 308 static int dtlk_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 309 {
 310         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_release");
 311
 312         switch (iminor(inode)) {
 313         case DTLK_MINOR:
 314                 break;
 315
 316         default:
 317                 break;
 318         }
 319         TRACE_RET;
 320
 321         del_timer(&dtlk_timer);
 322
 323         return 0;
 324 }
 325
 326 static int __init dtlk_init(void)
 327 {
 328         dtlk_port_lpc = 0;
 329         dtlk_port_tts = 0;
 330         dtlk_busy = 0;
 331         dtlk_major = register_chrdev(0, "dtlk", &dtlk_fops);
 332         if (dtlk_major == 0) {
 333                 printk(KERN_ERR "DoubleTalk PC - cannot register device\n");
 334                 return 0;
 335         }
 336         if (dtlk_dev_probe() == 0)
 337                 printk(", MAJOR %d\n", dtlk_major);
 338
 339         init_timer(&dtlk_timer);
 340         dtlk_timer.function = dtlk_timer_tick;
 341         init_waitqueue_head(&dtlk_process_list);
 342
 343         return 0;
 344 }
 345
 346 static void __exit dtlk_cleanup (void)
 347 {
 348         dtlk_write_bytes("goodbye", 8);
 349         msleep_interruptible(500);              /* nap 0.50 sec but
 350                                                    could be awakened
 351                                                    earlier by
 352                                                    signals... */
 353
 354         dtlk_write_tts(DTLK_CLEAR);
 355         unregister_chrdev(dtlk_major, "dtlk");
 356         release_region(dtlk_port_lpc, DTLK_IO_EXTENT);
 357 }
 358
 359 module_init(dtlk_init);
 360 module_exit(dtlk_cleanup);
 361
 362 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 363
 364 static int dtlk_readable(void)
 365 {
 366 #ifdef TRACING
 367         printk(" dtlk_readable=%u@%u", inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc) != 0x7f, jiffies);
 368 #endif
 369         return inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc) != 0x7f;
 370 }
 371
 372 static int dtlk_writeable(void)
 373 {
 374         /* TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_writeable"); */
 375 #ifdef TRACINGMORE
 376         printk(" dtlk_writeable=%u", (inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) & TTS_WRITABLE)!=0);
 377 #endif
 378         return inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) & TTS_WRITABLE;
 379 }
 380
 381 static int __init dtlk_dev_probe(void)
 382 {
 383         unsigned int testval = 0;
 384         int i = 0;
 385         struct dtlk_settings *sp;
 386
 387         if (dtlk_port_lpc | dtlk_port_tts)
 388                 return -EBUSY;
 389
 390         for (i = 0; dtlk_portlist[i]; i++) {
 391 #if 0
 392                 printk("DoubleTalk PC - Port %03x = %04x\n",
 393                        dtlk_portlist[i], (testval = inw_p(dtlk_portlist[i])));
 394 #endif
 395
 396                 if (!request_region(dtlk_portlist[i], DTLK_IO_EXTENT,
 397                                "dtlk"))
 398                         continue;
 399                 testval = inw_p(dtlk_portlist[i]);
 400                 if ((testval &= 0xfbff) == 0x107f) {
 401                         dtlk_port_lpc = dtlk_portlist[i];
 402                         dtlk_port_tts = dtlk_port_lpc + 1;
 403
 404                         sp = dtlk_interrogate();
 405                         printk("DoubleTalk PC at %03x-%03x, "
 406                                "ROM version %s, serial number %u",
 407                                dtlk_portlist[i], dtlk_portlist[i] +
 408                                DTLK_IO_EXTENT - 1,
 409                                sp->rom_version, sp->serial_number);
 410
 411                         /* put LPC port into known state, so
 412                            dtlk_readable() gives valid result */
 413                         outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc);
 414
 415                         /* INIT string and index marker */
 416                         dtlk_write_bytes("\036\1@\0\0012I\r", 8);
 417                         /* posting an index takes 18 msec.  Here, we
 418                            wait up to 100 msec to see whether it
 419                            appears. */
 420                         msleep_interruptible(100);
 421                         dtlk_has_indexing = dtlk_readable();
 422 #ifdef TRACING
 423                         printk(", indexing %d\n", dtlk_has_indexing);
 424 #endif
 425 #ifdef INSCOPE
 426                         {
 427 /* This macro records ten samples read from the LPC port, for later display */
 428 #define LOOK                                    \
 429 for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)                        \
 430   {                                             \
 431     buffer[b++] = inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc);         \
 432     __delay(loops_per_jiffy/(1000000/HZ));             \
 433   }
 434                                 char buffer[1000];
 435                                 int b = 0, i, j;
 436
 437                                 LOOK
 438                                 outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc);
 439                                 buffer[b++] = 0;
 440                                 LOOK
 441                                 dtlk_write_bytes("\0012I\r", 4);
 442                                 buffer[b++] = 0;
 443                                 __delay(50 * loops_per_jiffy / (1000/HZ));
 444                                 outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc);
 445                                 buffer[b++] = 0;
 446                                 LOOK
 447
 448                                 printk("\n");
 449                                 for (j = 0; j < b; j++)
 450                                         printk(" %02x", buffer[j]);
 451                                 printk("\n");
 452                         }
 453 #endif                          /* INSCOPE */
 454
 455 #ifdef OUTSCOPE
 456                         {
 457 /* This macro records ten samples read from the TTS port, for later display */
 458 #define LOOK                                    \
 459 for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)                        \
 460   {                                             \
 461     buffer[b++] = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts);         \
 462     __delay(loops_per_jiffy/(1000000/HZ));  /* 1 us */ \
 463   }
 464                                 char buffer[1000];
 465                                 int b = 0, i, j;
 466
 467                                 mdelay(10);     /* 10 ms */
 468                                 LOOK
 469                                 outb_p(0x03, dtlk_port_tts);
 470                                 buffer[b++] = 0;
 471                                 LOOK
 472                                 LOOK
 473
 474                                 printk("\n");
 475                                 for (j = 0; j < b; j++)
 476                                         printk(" %02x", buffer[j]);
 477                                 printk("\n");
 478                         }
 479 #endif                          /* OUTSCOPE */
 480
 481                         dtlk_write_bytes("Double Talk found", 18);
 482
 483                         return 0;
 484                 }
 485                 release_region(dtlk_portlist[i], DTLK_IO_EXTENT);
 486         }
 487
 488         printk(KERN_INFO "DoubleTalk PC - not found\n");
 489         return -ENODEV;
 490 }
 491
 492 /*
 493    static void dtlk_handle_error(char op, char rc, unsigned int minor)
 494    {
 495    printk(KERN_INFO"\nDoubleTalk PC - MINOR: %d, OPCODE: %d, ERROR: %d\n",
 496    minor, op, rc);
 497    return;
 498    }
 499  */
 500
 501 /* interrogate the DoubleTalk PC and return its settings */
 502 static struct dtlk_settings *dtlk_interrogate(void)
 503 {
 504         unsigned char *t;
 505         static char buf[sizeof(struct dtlk_settings) + 1];
 506         int total, i;
 507         static struct dtlk_settings status;
 508         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_interrogate");
 509         dtlk_write_bytes("\030\001?", 3);
 510         for (total = 0, i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
 511                 buf[total] = dtlk_read_tts();
 512                 if (total > 2 && buf[total] == 0x7f)
 513                         break;
 514                 if (total < sizeof(struct dtlk_settings))
 515                         total++;
 516         }
 517         /*
 518            if (i==50) printk("interrogate() read overrun\n");
 519            for (i=0; i<sizeof(buf); i++)
 520            printk(" %02x", buf[i]);
 521            printk("\n");
 522          */
 523         t = buf;
 524         status.serial_number = t[0] + t[1] * 256; /* serial number is
 525                                                      little endian */
 526         t += 2;
 527
 528         i = 0;
 529         while (*t != '\r') {
 530                 status.rom_version[i] = *t;
 531                 if (i < sizeof(status.rom_version) - 1)
 532                         i++;
 533                 t++;
 534         }
 535         status.rom_version[i] = 0;
 536         t++;
 537
 538         status.mode = *t++;
 539         status.punc_level = *t++;
 540         status.formant_freq = *t++;
 541         status.pitch = *t++;
 542         status.speed = *t++;
 543         status.volume = *t++;
 544         status.tone = *t++;
 545         status.expression = *t++;
 546         status.ext_dict_loaded = *t++;
 547         status.ext_dict_status = *t++;
 548         status.free_ram = *t++;
 549         status.articulation = *t++;
 550         status.reverb = *t++;
 551         status.eob = *t++;
 552         status.has_indexing = dtlk_has_indexing;
 553         TRACE_RET;
 554         return &status;
 555 }
 556
 557 static char dtlk_read_tts(void)
 558 {
 559         int portval, retries = 0;
 560         char ch;
 561         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_read_tts");
 562
 563         /* verify DT is ready, read char, wait for ACK */
 564         do {
 565                 portval = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts);
 566         } while ((portval & TTS_READABLE) == 0 &&
 567                  retries++ < DTLK_MAX_RETRIES);
 568         if (retries == DTLK_MAX_RETRIES)
 569                 printk(KERN_ERR "dtlk_read_tts() timeout\n");
 570
 571         ch = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts);      /* input from TTS port */
 572         ch &= 0x7f;
 573         outb_p(ch, dtlk_port_tts);
 574
 575         retries = 0;
 576         do {
 577                 portval = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts);
 578         } while ((portval & TTS_READABLE) != 0 &&
 579                  retries++ < DTLK_MAX_RETRIES);
 580         if (retries == DTLK_MAX_RETRIES)
 581                 printk(KERN_ERR "dtlk_read_tts() timeout\n");
 582
 583         TRACE_RET;
 584         return ch;
 585 }
 586
 587 static char dtlk_read_lpc(void)
 588 {
 589         int retries = 0;
 590         char ch;
 591         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_read_lpc");
 592
 593         /* no need to test -- this is only called when the port is readable */
 594
 595         ch = inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc);      /* input from LPC port */
 596
 597         outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc);
 598
 599         /* acknowledging a read takes 3-4
 600            usec.  Here, we wait up to 20 usec
 601            for the acknowledgement */
 602         retries = (loops_per_jiffy * 20) / (1000000/HZ);
 603         while (inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc) != 0x7f && --retries > 0);
 604         if (retries == 0)
 605                 printk(KERN_ERR "dtlk_read_lpc() timeout\n");
 606
 607         TRACE_RET;
 608         return ch;
 609 }
 610
 611 /* write n bytes to tts port */
 612 static char dtlk_write_bytes(const char *buf, int n)
 613 {
 614         char val = 0;
 615         /*  printk("dtlk_write_bytes(\"%-*s\", %d)\n", n, buf, n); */
 616         TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_write_bytes");
 617         while (n-- > 0)
 618                 val = dtlk_write_tts(*buf++);
 619         TRACE_RET;
 620         return val;
 621 }
 622
 623 static char dtlk_write_tts(char ch)
 624 {
 625         int retries = 0;
 626 #ifdef TRACINGMORE
 627         printk("  dtlk_write_tts(");
 628         if (' ' <= ch && ch <= '~')
 629                 printk("'%c'", ch);
 630         else
 631                 printk("0x%02x", ch);
 632 #endif
 633         if (ch != DTLK_CLEAR)   /* no flow control for CLEAR command */
 634                 while ((inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) & TTS_WRITABLE) == 0 &&
 635                        retries++ < DTLK_MAX_RETRIES)    /* DT ready? */
 636                         ;
 637         if (retries == DTLK_MAX_RETRIES)
 638                 printk(KERN_ERR "dtlk_write_tts() timeout\n");
 639
 640         outb_p(ch, dtlk_port_tts);      /* output to TTS port */
 641         /* the RDY bit goes zero 2-3 usec after writing, and goes
 642            1 again 180-190 usec later.  Here, we wait up to 10
 643            usec for the RDY bit to go zero. */
 644         for (retries = 0; retries < loops_per_jiffy / (100000/HZ); retries++)
 645                 if ((inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) & TTS_WRITABLE) == 0)
 646                         break;
 647
 648 #ifdef TRACINGMORE
 649         printk(")\n");
 650 #endif
 651         return 0;
 652 }
 653
 654 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");