4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
7 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
8 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
9 * Simplified starting of init: Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
12 #define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
14 #include <linux/config.h>
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
18 #include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h>
19 #include <linux/kernel.h>
20 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
21 #include <linux/string.h>
22 #include <linux/ctype.h>
23 #include <linux/delay.h>
24 #include <linux/utsname.h>
25 #include <linux/ioport.h>
26 #include <linux/init.h>
27 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
28 #include <linux/initrd.h>
29 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
30 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
31 #include <linux/tty.h>
32 #include <linux/gfp.h>
33 #include <linux/percpu.h>
34 #include <linux/kmod.h>
35 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
36 #include <linux/security.h>
37 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
38 #include <linux/profile.h>
39 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
40 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
41 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
42 #include <linux/writeback.h>
43 #include <linux/cpu.h>
44 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
45 #include <linux/efi.h>
46 #include <linux/unistd.h>
47 #include <linux/rmap.h>
48 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
49 #include <linux/key.h>
53 #include <asm/setup.h>
54 #include <asm/sections.h>
55 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
57 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
62 * This is one of the first .c files built. Error out early if we have compiler
65 * Versions of gcc older than that listed below may actually compile and link
66 * okay, but the end product can have subtle run time bugs. To avoid associated
67 * bogus bug reports, we flatly refuse to compile with a gcc that is known to be
68 * too old from the very beginning.
70 #if (__GNUC__ < 3) || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2)
71 #error Sorry, your GCC is too old. It builds incorrect kernels.
74 static int init(void *);
76 extern void init_IRQ(void);
77 extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
78 extern void mca_init(void);
79 extern void sbus_init(void);
80 extern void sysctl_init(void);
81 extern void signals_init(void);
82 extern void buffer_init(void);
83 extern void pidhash_init(void);
84 extern void pidmap_init(void);
85 extern void prio_tree_init(void);
86 extern void radix_tree_init(void);
87 extern void free_initmem(void);
88 extern void populate_rootfs(void);
89 extern void driver_init(void);
90 extern void prepare_namespace(void);
92 extern void acpi_early_init(void);
94 static inline void acpi_early_init(void) { }
96 #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
97 static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) { }
101 extern void tc_init(void);
104 enum system_states system_state;
105 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
108 * Boot command-line arguments
110 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
111 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
113 extern void time_init(void);
114 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
115 void (*late_time_init)(void);
116 extern void softirq_init(void);
118 /* Untouched command line (eg. for /proc) saved by arch-specific code. */
119 char saved_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
121 static char *execute_command;
122 static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
124 /* Setup configured maximum number of CPUs to activate */
125 static unsigned int max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
128 * Setup routine for controlling SMP activation
130 * Command-line option of "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0" will disable SMP
131 * activation entirely (the MPS table probe still happens, though).
133 * Command-line option of "maxcpus=<NUM>", where <NUM> is an integer
134 * greater than 0, limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in
137 static int __init nosmp(char *str)
143 __setup("nosmp", nosmp);
145 static int __init maxcpus(char *str)
147 get_option(&str, &max_cpus);
151 __setup("maxcpus=", maxcpus);
153 static char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
154 char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
155 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
157 extern struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
159 static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
161 struct obs_kernel_param *p;
165 int n = strlen(p->str);
166 if (!strncmp(line, p->str, n)) {
168 /* Already done in parse_early_param? (Needs
169 * exact match on param part) */
170 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
172 } else if (!p->setup_func) {
173 printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
174 " ignored\n", p->str);
176 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
180 } while (p < __setup_end);
185 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
186 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
188 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
190 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
192 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
196 console_loglevel = 10;
200 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
204 console_loglevel = 4;
208 __setup("debug", debug_kernel);
209 __setup("quiet", quiet_kernel);
211 static int __init loglevel(char *str)
213 get_option(&str, &console_loglevel);
217 __setup("loglevel=", loglevel);
220 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
223 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val)
225 /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
227 /* param=val or param="val"? */
228 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
230 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
232 memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
238 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
239 if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
243 * Preemptive maintenance for "why didn't my mispelled command
246 if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val)) {
247 printk(KERN_ERR "Unknown boot option `%s': ignoring\n", param);
255 /* Environment option */
257 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
258 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
259 panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
262 if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
265 envp_init[i] = param;
267 /* Command line option */
269 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
270 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
271 panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
275 argv_init[i] = param;
280 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
284 execute_command = str;
286 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
287 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
288 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
289 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
291 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
295 __setup("init=", init_setup);
297 static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
301 ramdisk_execute_command = str;
302 /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
303 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
307 __setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
309 extern void setup_arch(char **);
313 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
314 static void __init smp_init(void)
316 APIC_init_uniprocessor();
319 #define smp_init() do { } while (0)
322 static inline void setup_per_cpu_areas(void) { }
323 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
327 #ifdef __GENERIC_PER_CPU
328 unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS];
330 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
332 static void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
334 unsigned long size, i;
337 /* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
338 size = ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
339 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
340 if (size < PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM)
341 size = PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM;
344 ptr = alloc_bootmem(size * NR_CPUS);
346 for (i = 0; i < NR_CPUS; i++, ptr += size) {
347 __per_cpu_offset[i] = ptr - __per_cpu_start;
348 memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_start, __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start);
351 #endif /* !__GENERIC_PER_CPU */
353 /* Called by boot processor to activate the rest. */
354 static void __init smp_init(void)
358 /* FIXME: This should be done in userspace --RR */
359 for_each_present_cpu(i) {
360 if (num_online_cpus() >= max_cpus)
366 /* Any cleanup work */
367 printk(KERN_INFO "Brought up %ld CPUs\n", (long)num_online_cpus());
368 smp_cpus_done(max_cpus);
370 /* Get other processors into their bootup holding patterns. */
379 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
380 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
381 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
384 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
387 static void noinline rest_init(void)
388 __releases(kernel_lock)
390 kernel_thread(init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
391 numa_default_policy();
395 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
396 * at least one to get things moving:
398 preempt_enable_no_resched();
402 /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
406 /* Check for early params. */
407 static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val)
409 struct obs_kernel_param *p;
411 for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
412 if (p->early && strcmp(param, p->str) == 0) {
413 if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
415 "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
418 /* We accept everything at this stage. */
422 /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
423 void __init parse_early_param(void)
425 static __initdata int done = 0;
426 static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
431 /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
432 strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, saved_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
433 parse_args("early options", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, do_early_param);
438 * Activate the first processor.
441 asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
444 extern struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
446 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
452 printk(linux_banner);
453 setup_arch(&command_line);
454 setup_per_cpu_areas();
457 * Mark the boot cpu "online" so that it can call console drivers in
458 * printk() and can access its per-cpu storage.
460 smp_prepare_boot_cpu();
463 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
464 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
465 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
469 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
470 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
473 build_all_zonelists();
475 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line);
477 parse_args("Booting kernel", command_line, __start___param,
478 __stop___param - __start___param,
479 &unknown_bootoption);
491 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
492 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
493 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
497 panic(panic_later, panic_param);
500 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
501 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
502 initrd_start < min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) {
503 printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
504 "disabling it.\n",initrd_start,min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
508 vfs_caches_init_early();
512 setup_per_cpu_pageset();
518 pgtable_cache_init();
523 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
525 fork_init(num_physpages);
531 vfs_caches_init(num_physpages);
534 /* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
535 page_writeback_init();
536 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
543 acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
545 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
549 static int __initdata initcall_debug;
551 static int __init initcall_debug_setup(char *str)
556 __setup("initcall_debug", initcall_debug_setup);
558 struct task_struct *child_reaper = &init_task;
560 extern initcall_t __initcall_start[], __initcall_end[];
562 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
565 int count = preempt_count();
567 for (call = __initcall_start; call < __initcall_end; call++) {
570 if (initcall_debug) {
571 printk(KERN_DEBUG "Calling initcall 0x%p", *call);
572 print_fn_descriptor_symbol(": %s()", (unsigned long) *call);
579 if (preempt_count() != count) {
580 msg = "preemption imbalance";
581 preempt_count() = count;
583 if (irqs_disabled()) {
584 msg = "disabled interrupts";
588 printk(KERN_WARNING "error in initcall at 0x%p: "
589 "returned with %s\n", *call, msg);
593 /* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */
594 flush_scheduled_work();
598 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
599 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
600 * running, and memory and process management works.
602 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
604 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
606 /* drivers will send hotplug events */
608 usermodehelper_init();
618 static void do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
620 extern int spawn_ksoftirqd(void);
622 extern int migration_init(void);
627 spawn_softlockup_task();
630 static void run_init_process(char *init_filename)
632 argv_init[0] = init_filename;
633 execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
636 static inline void fixup_cpu_present_map(void)
642 * If arch is not hotplug ready and did not populate
643 * cpu_present_map, just make cpu_present_map same as cpu_possible_map
644 * for other cpu bringup code to function as normal. e.g smp_init() etc.
646 if (cpus_empty(cpu_present_map)) {
648 cpu_set(i, cpu_present_map);
654 static int init(void * unused)
658 * init can run on any cpu.
660 set_cpus_allowed(current, CPU_MASK_ALL);
662 * Tell the world that we're going to be the grim
663 * reaper of innocent orphaned children.
665 * We don't want people to have to make incorrect
666 * assumptions about where in the task array this
669 child_reaper = current;
671 /* Sets up cpus_possible() */
672 smp_prepare_cpus(max_cpus);
674 do_pre_smp_initcalls();
676 fixup_cpu_present_map();
683 * Do this before initcalls, because some drivers want to access
691 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all
695 if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
696 ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
698 if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
699 ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
704 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
705 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
706 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
711 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
712 numa_default_policy();
714 if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
715 printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
720 if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
721 run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
722 printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
723 ramdisk_execute_command);
727 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
729 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
730 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
732 if (execute_command) {
733 run_init_process(execute_command);
734 printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s. Attempting "
735 "defaults...\n", execute_command);
737 run_init_process("/sbin/init");
738 run_init_process("/etc/init");
739 run_init_process("/bin/init");
740 run_init_process("/bin/sh");
742 panic("No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.");