2 * Host Side support for RNDIS Networking Links
3 * Copyright (C) 2005 by David Brownell
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
20 // #define DEBUG // error path messages, extra info
21 // #define VERBOSE // more; success messages
23 #include <linux/module.h>
24 #include <linux/init.h>
25 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
26 #include <linux/etherdevice.h>
27 #include <linux/ethtool.h>
28 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
29 #include <linux/mii.h>
30 #include <linux/usb.h>
31 #include <linux/usb/cdc.h>
37 * RNDIS is NDIS remoted over USB. It's a MSFT variant of CDC ACM ... of
38 * course ACM was intended for modems, not Ethernet links! USB's standard
39 * for Ethernet links is "CDC Ethernet", which is significantly simpler.
41 * NOTE that Microsoft's "RNDIS 1.0" specification is incomplete. Issues
43 * - Power management in particular relies on information that's scattered
44 * through other documentation, and which is incomplete or incorrect even
46 * - There are various undocumented protocol requirements, such as the
47 * need to send unused garbage in control-OUT messages.
48 * - In some cases, MS-Windows will emit undocumented requests; this
49 * matters more to peripheral implementations than host ones.
51 * Moreover there's a no-open-specs variant of RNDIS called "ActiveSync".
53 * For these reasons and others, ** USE OF RNDIS IS STRONGLY DISCOURAGED ** in
54 * favor of such non-proprietary alternatives as CDC Ethernet or the newer (and
55 * currently rare) "Ethernet Emulation Model" (EEM).
59 * CONTROL uses CDC "encapsulated commands" with funky notifications.
60 * - control-out: SEND_ENCAPSULATED
61 * - interrupt-in: RESPONSE_AVAILABLE
62 * - control-in: GET_ENCAPSULATED
64 * We'll try to ignore the RESPONSE_AVAILABLE notifications.
66 * REVISIT some RNDIS implementations seem to have curious issues still
69 struct rndis_msg_hdr {
70 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_* */
72 // followed by data that varies between messages
76 } __attribute__ ((packed));
78 /* MS-Windows uses this strange size, but RNDIS spec says 1024 minimum */
79 #define CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE 1025
81 /* RNDIS defines an (absurdly huge) 10 second control timeout,
82 * but ActiveSync seems to use a more usual 5 second timeout
83 * (which matches the USB 2.0 spec).
85 #define RNDIS_CONTROL_TIMEOUT_MS (5 * 1000)
88 #define ccpu2 __constant_cpu_to_le32
90 #define RNDIS_MSG_COMPLETION ccpu2(0x80000000)
92 /* codes for "msg_type" field of rndis messages;
93 * only the data channel uses packet messages (maybe batched);
94 * everything else goes on the control channel.
96 #define RNDIS_MSG_PACKET ccpu2(0x00000001) /* 1-N packets */
97 #define RNDIS_MSG_INIT ccpu2(0x00000002)
98 #define RNDIS_MSG_INIT_C (RNDIS_MSG_INIT|RNDIS_MSG_COMPLETION)
99 #define RNDIS_MSG_HALT ccpu2(0x00000003)
100 #define RNDIS_MSG_QUERY ccpu2(0x00000004)
101 #define RNDIS_MSG_QUERY_C (RNDIS_MSG_QUERY|RNDIS_MSG_COMPLETION)
102 #define RNDIS_MSG_SET ccpu2(0x00000005)
103 #define RNDIS_MSG_SET_C (RNDIS_MSG_SET|RNDIS_MSG_COMPLETION)
104 #define RNDIS_MSG_RESET ccpu2(0x00000006)
105 #define RNDIS_MSG_RESET_C (RNDIS_MSG_RESET|RNDIS_MSG_COMPLETION)
106 #define RNDIS_MSG_INDICATE ccpu2(0x00000007)
107 #define RNDIS_MSG_KEEPALIVE ccpu2(0x00000008)
108 #define RNDIS_MSG_KEEPALIVE_C (RNDIS_MSG_KEEPALIVE|RNDIS_MSG_COMPLETION)
110 /* codes for "status" field of completion messages */
111 #define RNDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS ccpu2(0x00000000)
112 #define RNDIS_STATUS_FAILURE ccpu2(0xc0000001)
113 #define RNDIS_STATUS_INVALID_DATA ccpu2(0xc0010015)
114 #define RNDIS_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED ccpu2(0xc00000bb)
115 #define RNDIS_STATUS_MEDIA_CONNECT ccpu2(0x4001000b)
116 #define RNDIS_STATUS_MEDIA_DISCONNECT ccpu2(0x4001000c)
119 struct rndis_data_hdr {
120 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_PACKET */
121 __le32 msg_len; // rndis_data_hdr + data_len + pad
122 __le32 data_offset; // 36 -- right after header
123 __le32 data_len; // ... real packet size
125 __le32 oob_data_offset; // zero
126 __le32 oob_data_len; // zero
127 __le32 num_oob; // zero
128 __le32 packet_data_offset; // zero
130 __le32 packet_data_len; // zero
131 __le32 vc_handle; // zero
132 __le32 reserved; // zero
133 } __attribute__ ((packed));
135 struct rndis_init { /* OUT */
137 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_INIT */
138 __le32 msg_len; // 24
140 __le32 major_version; // of rndis (1.0)
141 __le32 minor_version;
142 __le32 max_transfer_size;
143 } __attribute__ ((packed));
145 struct rndis_init_c { /* IN */
147 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_INIT_C */
151 __le32 major_version; // of rndis (1.0)
152 __le32 minor_version;
154 __le32 medium; // zero == 802.3
155 __le32 max_packets_per_message;
156 __le32 max_transfer_size;
157 __le32 packet_alignment; // max 7; (1<<n) bytes
158 __le32 af_list_offset; // zero
159 __le32 af_list_size; // zero
160 } __attribute__ ((packed));
162 struct rndis_halt { /* OUT (no reply) */
164 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_HALT */
167 } __attribute__ ((packed));
169 struct rndis_query { /* OUT */
171 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_QUERY */
177 /*?*/ __le32 handle; // zero
178 } __attribute__ ((packed));
180 struct rndis_query_c { /* IN */
182 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_QUERY_C */
188 } __attribute__ ((packed));
190 struct rndis_set { /* OUT */
192 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_SET */
198 /*?*/ __le32 handle; // zero
199 } __attribute__ ((packed));
201 struct rndis_set_c { /* IN */
203 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_SET_C */
207 } __attribute__ ((packed));
209 struct rndis_reset { /* IN */
211 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_RESET */
214 } __attribute__ ((packed));
216 struct rndis_reset_c { /* OUT */
218 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_RESET_C */
221 __le32 addressing_lost;
222 } __attribute__ ((packed));
224 struct rndis_indicate { /* IN (unrequested) */
226 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_INDICATE */
231 /**/ __le32 diag_status;
234 } __attribute__ ((packed));
236 struct rndis_keepalive { /* OUT (optionally IN) */
238 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_KEEPALIVE */
241 } __attribute__ ((packed));
243 struct rndis_keepalive_c { /* IN (optionally OUT) */
245 __le32 msg_type; /* RNDIS_MSG_KEEPALIVE_C */
249 } __attribute__ ((packed));
251 /* NOTE: about 30 OIDs are "mandatory" for peripherals to support ... and
252 * there are gobs more that may optionally be supported. We'll avoid as much
253 * of that mess as possible.
255 #define OID_802_3_PERMANENT_ADDRESS ccpu2(0x01010101)
256 #define OID_GEN_CURRENT_PACKET_FILTER ccpu2(0x0001010e)
259 * RNDIS notifications from device: command completion; "reverse"
262 static void rndis_status(struct usbnet *dev, struct urb *urb)
264 devdbg(dev, "rndis status urb, len %d stat %d",
265 urb->actual_length, urb->status);
266 // FIXME for keepalives, respond immediately (asynchronously)
267 // if not an RNDIS status, do like cdc_status(dev,urb) does
271 * RPC done RNDIS-style. Caller guarantees:
272 * - message is properly byteswapped
273 * - there's no other request pending
274 * - buf can hold up to 1KB response (required by RNDIS spec)
275 * On return, the first few entries are already byteswapped.
277 * Call context is likely probe(), before interface name is known,
278 * which is why we won't try to use it in the diagnostics.
280 static int rndis_command(struct usbnet *dev, struct rndis_msg_hdr *buf)
282 struct cdc_state *info = (void *) &dev->data;
287 u32 xid = 0, msg_len, request_id;
289 /* REVISIT when this gets called from contexts other than probe() or
290 * disconnect(): either serialize, or dispatch responses on xid
293 /* Issue the request; xid is unique, don't bother byteswapping it */
294 if (likely(buf->msg_type != RNDIS_MSG_HALT
295 && buf->msg_type != RNDIS_MSG_RESET)) {
299 buf->request_id = (__force __le32) xid;
301 master_ifnum = info->control->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber;
302 retval = usb_control_msg(dev->udev,
303 usb_sndctrlpipe(dev->udev, 0),
304 USB_CDC_SEND_ENCAPSULATED_COMMAND,
305 USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE,
307 buf, le32_to_cpu(buf->msg_len),
308 RNDIS_CONTROL_TIMEOUT_MS);
309 if (unlikely(retval < 0 || xid == 0))
312 // FIXME Seems like some devices discard responses when
313 // we time out and cancel our "get response" requests...
314 // so, this is fragile. Probably need to poll for status.
316 /* ignore status endpoint, just poll the control channel;
317 * the request probably completed immediately
319 rsp = buf->msg_type | RNDIS_MSG_COMPLETION;
320 for (count = 0; count < 10; count++) {
321 memset(buf, 0, CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE);
322 retval = usb_control_msg(dev->udev,
323 usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev->udev, 0),
324 USB_CDC_GET_ENCAPSULATED_RESPONSE,
325 USB_DIR_IN | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE,
327 buf, CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE,
328 RNDIS_CONTROL_TIMEOUT_MS);
329 if (likely(retval >= 8)) {
330 msg_len = le32_to_cpu(buf->msg_len);
331 request_id = (__force u32) buf->request_id;
332 if (likely(buf->msg_type == rsp)) {
333 if (likely(request_id == xid)) {
334 if (unlikely(rsp == RNDIS_MSG_RESET_C))
336 if (likely(RNDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS
339 dev_dbg(&info->control->dev,
340 "rndis reply status %08x\n",
341 le32_to_cpu(buf->status));
344 dev_dbg(&info->control->dev,
345 "rndis reply id %d expected %d\n",
347 /* then likely retry */
348 } else switch (buf->msg_type) {
349 case RNDIS_MSG_INDICATE: { /* fault */
350 // struct rndis_indicate *msg = (void *)buf;
351 dev_info(&info->control->dev,
352 "rndis fault indication\n");
355 case RNDIS_MSG_KEEPALIVE: { /* ping */
356 struct rndis_keepalive_c *msg = (void *)buf;
358 msg->msg_type = RNDIS_MSG_KEEPALIVE_C;
359 msg->msg_len = ccpu2(sizeof *msg);
360 msg->status = RNDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS;
361 retval = usb_control_msg(dev->udev,
362 usb_sndctrlpipe(dev->udev, 0),
363 USB_CDC_SEND_ENCAPSULATED_COMMAND,
364 USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE,
367 RNDIS_CONTROL_TIMEOUT_MS);
368 if (unlikely(retval < 0))
369 dev_dbg(&info->control->dev,
370 "rndis keepalive err %d\n",
375 dev_dbg(&info->control->dev,
376 "unexpected rndis msg %08x len %d\n",
377 le32_to_cpu(buf->msg_type), msg_len);
380 /* device probably issued a protocol stall; ignore */
381 dev_dbg(&info->control->dev,
382 "rndis response error, code %d\n", retval);
386 dev_dbg(&info->control->dev, "rndis response timeout\n");
390 static int rndis_bind(struct usbnet *dev, struct usb_interface *intf)
393 struct net_device *net = dev->net;
394 struct cdc_state *info = (void *) &dev->data;
397 struct rndis_msg_hdr *header;
398 struct rndis_init *init;
399 struct rndis_init_c *init_c;
400 struct rndis_query *get;
401 struct rndis_query_c *get_c;
402 struct rndis_set *set;
403 struct rndis_set_c *set_c;
407 /* we can't rely on i/o from stack working, or stack allocation */
408 u.buf = kmalloc(CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
411 retval = usbnet_generic_cdc_bind(dev, intf);
415 u.init->msg_type = RNDIS_MSG_INIT;
416 u.init->msg_len = ccpu2(sizeof *u.init);
417 u.init->major_version = ccpu2(1);
418 u.init->minor_version = ccpu2(0);
420 /* max transfer (in spec) is 0x4000 at full speed, but for
421 * TX we'll stick to one Ethernet packet plus RNDIS framing.
422 * For RX we handle drivers that zero-pad to end-of-packet.
423 * Don't let userspace change these settings.
425 net->hard_header_len += sizeof (struct rndis_data_hdr);
426 dev->hard_mtu = net->mtu + net->hard_header_len;
428 dev->rx_urb_size = dev->hard_mtu + (dev->maxpacket + 1);
429 dev->rx_urb_size &= ~(dev->maxpacket - 1);
430 u.init->max_transfer_size = cpu_to_le32(dev->rx_urb_size);
432 net->change_mtu = NULL;
433 retval = rndis_command(dev, u.header);
434 if (unlikely(retval < 0)) {
435 /* it might not even be an RNDIS device!! */
436 dev_err(&intf->dev, "RNDIS init failed, %d\n", retval);
437 goto fail_and_release;
439 tmp = le32_to_cpu(u.init_c->max_transfer_size);
440 if (tmp < dev->hard_mtu) {
442 "dev can't take %u byte packets (max %u)\n",
444 goto fail_and_release;
447 /* REVISIT: peripheral "alignment" request is ignored ... */
449 "hard mtu %u (%u from dev), rx buflen %Zu, align %d\n",
450 dev->hard_mtu, tmp, dev->rx_urb_size,
451 1 << le32_to_cpu(u.init_c->packet_alignment));
453 /* Get designated host ethernet address.
455 * Adding a payload exactly the same size as the expected response
456 * payload is an evident requirement MSFT added for ActiveSync.
457 * This undocumented (and nonsensical) issue was found by sniffing
458 * protocol requests from the ActiveSync 4.1 Windows driver.
460 memset(u.get, 0, sizeof *u.get + 48);
461 u.get->msg_type = RNDIS_MSG_QUERY;
462 u.get->msg_len = ccpu2(sizeof *u.get + 48);
463 u.get->oid = OID_802_3_PERMANENT_ADDRESS;
464 u.get->len = ccpu2(48);
465 u.get->offset = ccpu2(20);
467 retval = rndis_command(dev, u.header);
468 if (unlikely(retval < 0)) {
469 dev_err(&intf->dev, "rndis get ethaddr, %d\n", retval);
470 goto fail_and_release;
472 tmp = le32_to_cpu(u.get_c->offset);
473 if (unlikely((tmp + 8) > (CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE - ETH_ALEN)
474 || u.get_c->len != ccpu2(ETH_ALEN))) {
475 dev_err(&intf->dev, "rndis ethaddr off %d len %d ?\n",
476 tmp, le32_to_cpu(u.get_c->len));
478 goto fail_and_release;
480 memcpy(net->dev_addr, tmp + (char *)&u.get_c->request_id, ETH_ALEN);
482 /* set a nonzero filter to enable data transfers */
483 memset(u.set, 0, sizeof *u.set);
484 u.set->msg_type = RNDIS_MSG_SET;
485 u.set->msg_len = ccpu2(4 + sizeof *u.set);
486 u.set->oid = OID_GEN_CURRENT_PACKET_FILTER;
487 u.set->len = ccpu2(4);
488 u.set->offset = ccpu2((sizeof *u.set) - 8);
489 *(__le32 *)(u.buf + sizeof *u.set) = ccpu2(DEFAULT_FILTER);
491 retval = rndis_command(dev, u.header);
492 if (unlikely(retval < 0)) {
493 dev_err(&intf->dev, "rndis set packet filter, %d\n", retval);
494 goto fail_and_release;
503 usb_set_intfdata(info->data, NULL);
504 usb_driver_release_interface(driver_of(intf), info->data);
510 static void rndis_unbind(struct usbnet *dev, struct usb_interface *intf)
512 struct rndis_halt *halt;
514 /* try to clear any rndis state/activity (no i/o from stack!) */
515 halt = kzalloc(sizeof *halt, GFP_KERNEL);
517 halt->msg_type = RNDIS_MSG_HALT;
518 halt->msg_len = ccpu2(sizeof *halt);
519 (void) rndis_command(dev, (void *)halt);
523 return usbnet_cdc_unbind(dev, intf);
527 * DATA -- host must not write zlps
529 static int rndis_rx_fixup(struct usbnet *dev, struct sk_buff *skb)
531 /* peripheral may have batched packets to us... */
532 while (likely(skb->len)) {
533 struct rndis_data_hdr *hdr = (void *)skb->data;
534 struct sk_buff *skb2;
535 u32 msg_len, data_offset, data_len;
537 msg_len = le32_to_cpu(hdr->msg_len);
538 data_offset = le32_to_cpu(hdr->data_offset);
539 data_len = le32_to_cpu(hdr->data_len);
541 /* don't choke if we see oob, per-packet data, etc */
542 if (unlikely(hdr->msg_type != RNDIS_MSG_PACKET
543 || skb->len < msg_len
544 || (data_offset + data_len + 8) > msg_len)) {
545 dev->stats.rx_frame_errors++;
546 devdbg(dev, "bad rndis message %d/%d/%d/%d, len %d",
547 le32_to_cpu(hdr->msg_type),
548 msg_len, data_offset, data_len, skb->len);
551 skb_pull(skb, 8 + data_offset);
553 /* at most one packet left? */
554 if (likely((data_len - skb->len) <= sizeof *hdr)) {
555 skb_trim(skb, data_len);
559 /* try to return all the packets in the batch */
560 skb2 = skb_clone(skb, GFP_ATOMIC);
563 skb_pull(skb, msg_len - sizeof *hdr);
564 skb_trim(skb2, data_len);
565 usbnet_skb_return(dev, skb2);
568 /* caller will usbnet_skb_return the remaining packet */
572 static struct sk_buff *
573 rndis_tx_fixup(struct usbnet *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, gfp_t flags)
575 struct rndis_data_hdr *hdr;
576 struct sk_buff *skb2;
577 unsigned len = skb->len;
579 if (likely(!skb_cloned(skb))) {
580 int room = skb_headroom(skb);
582 /* enough head room as-is? */
583 if (unlikely((sizeof *hdr) <= room))
586 /* enough room, but needs to be readjusted? */
587 room += skb_tailroom(skb);
588 if (likely((sizeof *hdr) <= room)) {
589 skb->data = memmove(skb->head + sizeof *hdr,
591 skb->tail = skb->data + len;
596 /* create a new skb, with the correct size (and tailpad) */
597 skb2 = skb_copy_expand(skb, sizeof *hdr, 1, flags);
598 dev_kfree_skb_any(skb);
603 /* fill out the RNDIS header. we won't bother trying to batch
604 * packets; Linux minimizes wasted bandwidth through tx queues.
607 hdr = (void *) __skb_push(skb, sizeof *hdr);
608 memset(hdr, 0, sizeof *hdr);
609 hdr->msg_type = RNDIS_MSG_PACKET;
610 hdr->msg_len = cpu_to_le32(skb->len);
611 hdr->data_offset = ccpu2(sizeof(*hdr) - 8);
612 hdr->data_len = cpu_to_le32(len);
614 /* FIXME make the last packet always be short ... */
619 static const struct driver_info rndis_info = {
620 .description = "RNDIS device",
621 .flags = FLAG_ETHER | FLAG_FRAMING_RN,
623 .unbind = rndis_unbind,
624 .status = rndis_status,
625 .rx_fixup = rndis_rx_fixup,
626 .tx_fixup = rndis_tx_fixup,
632 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
634 static const struct usb_device_id products [] = {
636 /* RNDIS is MSFT's un-official variant of CDC ACM */
637 USB_INTERFACE_INFO(USB_CLASS_COMM, 2 /* ACM */, 0x0ff),
638 .driver_info = (unsigned long) &rndis_info,
640 /* "ActiveSync" is an undocumented variant of RNDIS, used in WM5 */
641 USB_INTERFACE_INFO(USB_CLASS_MISC, 1, 1),
642 .driver_info = (unsigned long) &rndis_info,
646 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, products);
648 static struct usb_driver rndis_driver = {
649 .name = "rndis_host",
650 .id_table = products,
651 .probe = usbnet_probe,
652 .disconnect = usbnet_disconnect,
653 .suspend = usbnet_suspend,
654 .resume = usbnet_resume,
657 static int __init rndis_init(void)
659 return usb_register(&rndis_driver);
661 module_init(rndis_init);
663 static void __exit rndis_exit(void)
665 usb_deregister(&rndis_driver);
667 module_exit(rndis_exit);
669 MODULE_AUTHOR("David Brownell");
670 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("USB Host side RNDIS driver");
671 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");