2 * IWineD3DQuery implementation
4 * Copyright 2005 Oliver Stieber
5 * Copyright 2007-2008 Stefan Dösinger for CodeWeavers
7 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
24 #include "wined3d_private.h"
28 * http://www.gris.uni-tuebingen.de/~bartz/Publications/paper/hww98.pdf
29 * http://oss.sgi.com/projects/ogl-sample/registry/ARB/occlusion_query.txt
32 WINE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(d3d);
33 #define GLINFO_LOCATION This->wineD3DDevice->adapter->gl_info
35 /* *******************************************
36 IWineD3DQuery IUnknown parts follow
37 ******************************************* */
38 static HRESULT WINAPI IWineD3DQueryImpl_QueryInterface(IWineD3DQuery *iface, REFIID riid, LPVOID *ppobj)
40 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
41 TRACE("(%p)->(%s,%p)\n",This,debugstr_guid(riid),ppobj);
42 if (IsEqualGUID(riid, &IID_IUnknown)
43 || IsEqualGUID(riid, &IID_IWineD3DBase)
44 || IsEqualGUID(riid, &IID_IWineD3DQuery)) {
45 IUnknown_AddRef(iface);
53 static ULONG WINAPI IWineD3DQueryImpl_AddRef(IWineD3DQuery *iface) {
54 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
55 TRACE("(%p) : AddRef increasing from %d\n", This, This->ref);
56 return InterlockedIncrement(&This->ref);
59 static ULONG WINAPI IWineD3DQueryImpl_Release(IWineD3DQuery *iface) {
60 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
62 TRACE("(%p) : Releasing from %d\n", This, This->ref);
63 ref = InterlockedDecrement(&This->ref);
66 if(This->type == WINED3DQUERYTYPE_EVENT) {
67 if(GL_SUPPORT(APPLE_FENCE)) {
68 GL_EXTCALL(glDeleteFencesAPPLE(1, &((WineQueryEventData *)(This->extendedData))->fenceId));
69 checkGLcall("glDeleteFencesAPPLE");
70 } else if(GL_SUPPORT(NV_FENCE)) {
71 GL_EXTCALL(glDeleteFencesNV(1, &((WineQueryEventData *)(This->extendedData))->fenceId));
72 checkGLcall("glDeleteFencesNV");
74 } else if(This->type == WINED3DQUERYTYPE_OCCLUSION && GL_SUPPORT(ARB_OCCLUSION_QUERY)) {
75 GL_EXTCALL(glDeleteQueriesARB(1, &((WineQueryOcclusionData *)(This->extendedData))->queryId));
76 checkGLcall("glDeleteQueriesARB");
80 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, This->extendedData);
81 HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, This);
86 /* *******************************************
87 IWineD3DQuery IWineD3DQuery parts follow
88 ******************************************* */
89 static HRESULT WINAPI IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetParent(IWineD3DQuery *iface, IUnknown** parent){
90 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
92 *parent= (IUnknown*) parent;
93 IUnknown_AddRef(*parent);
94 TRACE("(%p) : returning %p\n", This, *parent);
98 static HRESULT WINAPI IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetDevice(IWineD3DQuery* iface, IWineD3DDevice **pDevice){
99 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
100 IWineD3DDevice_AddRef((IWineD3DDevice *)This->wineD3DDevice);
101 *pDevice = (IWineD3DDevice *)This->wineD3DDevice;
102 TRACE("(%p) returning %p\n", This, *pDevice);
107 static HRESULT WINAPI IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetData(IWineD3DQuery* iface, void* pData, DWORD dwSize, DWORD dwGetDataFlags){
108 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
111 TRACE("(%p) : type %#x, pData %p, dwSize %#x, dwGetDataFlags %#x\n", This, This->type, pData, dwSize, dwGetDataFlags);
115 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_VCACHE:
118 WINED3DDEVINFO_VCACHE *data = (WINED3DDEVINFO_VCACHE *)pData;
119 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_VCACHE\n", This);
120 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
121 data->Pattern = WINEMAKEFOURCC('C','A','C','H');
122 data->OptMethod = 0; /*0 get longest strips, 1 optimize vertex cache*/
123 data->CacheSize = 0; /*cache size, only required if OptMethod == 1*/
124 data->MagicNumber = 0; /*only required if OptMethod == 1 (used internally)*/
128 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_RESOURCEMANAGER:
130 WINED3DDEVINFO_RESOURCEMANAGER *data = (WINED3DDEVINFO_RESOURCEMANAGER *)pData;
132 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_RESOURCEMANAGER\n", This);
133 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
134 for(i = 0; i < WINED3DRTYPECOUNT; i++){
135 /*I'm setting the default values to 1 so as to reduce the risk of a div/0 in the caller*/
136 /* isTextureResident could be used to get some of this information */
137 data->stats[i].bThrashing = FALSE;
138 data->stats[i].ApproxBytesDownloaded = 1;
139 data->stats[i].NumEvicts = 1;
140 data->stats[i].NumVidCreates = 1;
141 data->stats[i].LastPri = 1;
142 data->stats[i].NumUsed = 1;
143 data->stats[i].NumUsedInVidMem = 1;
144 data->stats[i].WorkingSet = 1;
145 data->stats[i].WorkingSetBytes = 1;
146 data->stats[i].TotalManaged = 1;
147 data->stats[i].TotalBytes = 1;
152 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_VERTEXSTATS:
154 WINED3DDEVINFO_VERTEXSTATS *data = (WINED3DDEVINFO_VERTEXSTATS *)pData;
155 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_VERTEXSTATS\n", This);
156 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
157 data->NumRenderedTriangles = 1;
158 data->NumExtraClippingTriangles = 1;
162 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_TIMESTAMP:
164 UINT64* data = pData;
165 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_TIMESTAMP\n", This);
166 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
167 *data = 1; /*Don't know what this is supposed to be*/
170 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_TIMESTAMPDISJOINT:
173 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_TIMESTAMPDISJOINT\n", This);
174 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
175 *data = FALSE; /*Don't know what this is supposed to be*/
178 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_TIMESTAMPFREQ:
180 UINT64* data = pData;
181 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_TIMESTAMPFREQ\n", This);
182 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
183 *data = 1; /*Don't know what this is supposed to be*/
186 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_PIPELINETIMINGS:
188 WINED3DDEVINFO_PIPELINETIMINGS *data = (WINED3DDEVINFO_PIPELINETIMINGS *)pData;
189 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_PIPELINETIMINGS\n", This);
190 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
192 data->VertexProcessingTimePercent = 1.0f;
193 data->PixelProcessingTimePercent = 1.0f;
194 data->OtherGPUProcessingTimePercent = 97.0f;
195 data->GPUIdleTimePercent = 1.0f;
198 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_INTERFACETIMINGS:
200 WINED3DDEVINFO_INTERFACETIMINGS *data = (WINED3DDEVINFO_INTERFACETIMINGS *)pData;
201 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_INTERFACETIMINGS\n", This);
203 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
204 data->WaitingForGPUToUseApplicationResourceTimePercent = 1.0f;
205 data->WaitingForGPUToAcceptMoreCommandsTimePercent = 1.0f;
206 data->WaitingForGPUToStayWithinLatencyTimePercent = 1.0f;
207 data->WaitingForGPUExclusiveResourceTimePercent = 1.0f;
208 data->WaitingForGPUOtherTimePercent = 96.0f;
212 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_VERTEXTIMINGS:
214 WINED3DDEVINFO_STAGETIMINGS *data = (WINED3DDEVINFO_STAGETIMINGS *)pData;
215 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_VERTEXTIMINGS\n", This);
217 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
218 data->MemoryProcessingPercent = 50.0f;
219 data->ComputationProcessingPercent = 50.0f;
223 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_PIXELTIMINGS:
225 WINED3DDEVINFO_STAGETIMINGS *data = (WINED3DDEVINFO_STAGETIMINGS *)pData;
226 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_PIXELTIMINGS\n", This);
228 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
229 data->MemoryProcessingPercent = 50.0f;
230 data->ComputationProcessingPercent = 50.0f;
233 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_BANDWIDTHTIMINGS:
235 WINED3DDEVINFO_BANDWIDTHTIMINGS *data = (WINED3DDEVINFO_BANDWIDTHTIMINGS *)pData;
236 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_BANDWIDTHTIMINGS\n", This);
238 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
239 data->MaxBandwidthUtilized = 1.0f;
240 data->FrontEndUploadMemoryUtilizedPercent = 1.0f;
241 data->VertexRateUtilizedPercent = 1.0f;
242 data->TriangleSetupRateUtilizedPercent = 1.0f;
243 data->FillRateUtilizedPercent = 97.0f;
246 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_CACHEUTILIZATION:
248 WINED3DDEVINFO_CACHEUTILIZATION *data = (WINED3DDEVINFO_CACHEUTILIZATION *)pData;
249 FIXME("(%p): Unimplemented query WINED3DQUERYTYPE_CACHEUTILIZATION\n", This);
251 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) break;
252 data->TextureCacheHitRate = 1.0f;
253 data->PostTransformVertexCacheHitRate = 1.0f;
259 FIXME("(%p) Unhandled query type %d\n",This , This->type);
263 /*dwGetDataFlags = 0 || D3DGETDATA_FLUSH
264 D3DGETDATA_FLUSH may return WINED3DERR_DEVICELOST if the device is lost
266 return res; /* S_OK if the query data is available*/
269 static HRESULT WINAPI IWineD3DOcclusionQueryImpl_GetData(IWineD3DQuery* iface, void* pData, DWORD dwSize, DWORD dwGetDataFlags) {
270 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *) iface;
273 TRACE("(%p) : type D3DQUERY_OCCLUSION, pData %p, dwSize %#x, dwGetDataFlags %#x\n", This, pData, dwSize, dwGetDataFlags);
275 if(This->state == QUERY_CREATED) {
276 /* D3D allows GetData on a new query, OpenGL doesn't. So just invent the data ourselves */
277 TRACE("Query wasn't yet started, returning S_OK\n");
280 } else if(This->state == QUERY_BUILDING) {
281 /* Msdn says this returns an error, but our tests show that S_FALSE is returned */
282 TRACE("Query is building, returning S_FALSE\n");
284 } else if (GL_SUPPORT(ARB_OCCLUSION_QUERY) &&
285 ((WineQueryOcclusionData *)This->extendedData)->ctx == This->wineD3DDevice->activeContext &&
286 This->wineD3DDevice->activeContext->tid == GetCurrentThreadId()) {
289 GLuint queryId = ((WineQueryOcclusionData *)This->extendedData)->queryId;
292 GL_EXTCALL(glGetQueryObjectuivARB(queryId, GL_QUERY_RESULT_AVAILABLE_ARB, &available));
293 checkGLcall("glGetQueryObjectuivARB(GL_QUERY_RESULT_AVAILABLE)\n");
294 TRACE("(%p) : available %d.\n", This, available);
298 GL_EXTCALL(glGetQueryObjectuivARB(queryId, GL_QUERY_RESULT_ARB, &samples));
299 checkGLcall("glGetQueryObjectuivARB(GL_QUERY_RESULT)\n");
300 TRACE("(%p) : Returning %d samples.\n", This, samples);
309 WARN("(%p) : Occlusion queries not supported, or wrong context. Returning 1.\n", This);
316 static HRESULT WINAPI IWineD3DEventQueryImpl_GetData(IWineD3DQuery* iface, void* pData, DWORD dwSize, DWORD dwGetDataFlags) {
317 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *) iface;
320 TRACE("(%p) : type D3DQUERY_EVENT, pData %p, dwSize %#x, dwGetDataFlags %#x\n", This, pData, dwSize, dwGetDataFlags);
322 ctx = ((WineQueryEventData *)This->extendedData)->ctx;
323 if(pData == NULL || dwSize == 0) {
325 } if(ctx != This->wineD3DDevice->activeContext || ctx->tid != GetCurrentThreadId()) {
326 /* See comment in IWineD3DQuery::Issue, event query codeblock */
327 WARN("Query context not active, reporting GPU idle\n");
329 } else if(GL_SUPPORT(APPLE_FENCE)) {
331 *data = GL_EXTCALL(glTestFenceAPPLE(((WineQueryEventData *)This->extendedData)->fenceId));
332 checkGLcall("glTestFenceAPPLE");
334 } else if(GL_SUPPORT(NV_FENCE)) {
336 *data = GL_EXTCALL(glTestFenceNV(((WineQueryEventData *)This->extendedData)->fenceId));
337 checkGLcall("glTestFenceNV");
340 WARN("(%p): reporting GPU idle\n", This);
347 static DWORD WINAPI IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetDataSize(IWineD3DQuery* iface){
348 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
350 TRACE("(%p) : type %#x\n", This, This->type);
352 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_VCACHE:
353 dataSize = sizeof(WINED3DDEVINFO_VCACHE);
355 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_RESOURCEMANAGER:
356 dataSize = sizeof(WINED3DDEVINFO_RESOURCEMANAGER);
358 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_VERTEXSTATS:
359 dataSize = sizeof(WINED3DDEVINFO_VERTEXSTATS);
361 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_EVENT:
362 dataSize = sizeof(BOOL);
364 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_TIMESTAMP:
365 dataSize = sizeof(UINT64);
367 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_TIMESTAMPDISJOINT:
368 dataSize = sizeof(BOOL);
370 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_TIMESTAMPFREQ:
371 dataSize = sizeof(UINT64);
373 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_PIPELINETIMINGS:
374 dataSize = sizeof(WINED3DDEVINFO_PIPELINETIMINGS);
376 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_INTERFACETIMINGS:
377 dataSize = sizeof(WINED3DDEVINFO_INTERFACETIMINGS);
379 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_VERTEXTIMINGS:
380 dataSize = sizeof(WINED3DDEVINFO_STAGETIMINGS);
382 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_PIXELTIMINGS:
383 dataSize = sizeof(WINED3DDEVINFO_STAGETIMINGS);
385 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_BANDWIDTHTIMINGS:
386 dataSize = sizeof(WINED3DQUERYTYPE_BANDWIDTHTIMINGS);
388 case WINED3DQUERYTYPE_CACHEUTILIZATION:
389 dataSize = sizeof(WINED3DDEVINFO_CACHEUTILIZATION);
392 FIXME("(%p) Unhandled query type %d\n",This , This->type);
398 static DWORD WINAPI IWineD3DEventQueryImpl_GetDataSize(IWineD3DQuery* iface){
399 TRACE("(%p) : type D3DQUERY_EVENT\n", iface);
404 static DWORD WINAPI IWineD3DOcclusionQueryImpl_GetDataSize(IWineD3DQuery* iface){
405 TRACE("(%p) : type D3DQUERY_OCCLUSION\n", iface);
407 return sizeof(DWORD);
410 static WINED3DQUERYTYPE WINAPI IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetType(IWineD3DQuery* iface){
411 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
416 static HRESULT WINAPI IWineD3DEventQueryImpl_Issue(IWineD3DQuery* iface, DWORD dwIssueFlags) {
417 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
419 TRACE("(%p) : dwIssueFlags %#x, type D3DQUERY_EVENT\n", This, dwIssueFlags);
420 if (dwIssueFlags & WINED3DISSUE_END) {
421 WineD3DContext *ctx = ((WineQueryEventData *)This->extendedData)->ctx;
422 if(ctx != This->wineD3DDevice->activeContext || ctx->tid != GetCurrentThreadId()) {
423 /* GL fences can be used only from the context that created them,
424 * so if a different context is active, don't bother setting the query. The penalty
425 * of a context switch is most likely higher than the gain of a correct query result
427 * If the query is used from a different thread, don't bother creating a multithread
428 * context - there's no point in doing that as the query would be unusable anyway
430 WARN("Query context not active\n");
431 } else if(GL_SUPPORT(APPLE_FENCE)) {
433 GL_EXTCALL(glSetFenceAPPLE(((WineQueryEventData *)This->extendedData)->fenceId));
434 checkGLcall("glSetFenceAPPLE");
436 } else if (GL_SUPPORT(NV_FENCE)) {
438 GL_EXTCALL(glSetFenceNV(((WineQueryEventData *)This->extendedData)->fenceId, GL_ALL_COMPLETED_NV));
439 checkGLcall("glSetFenceNV");
442 } else if(dwIssueFlags & WINED3DISSUE_BEGIN) {
443 /* Started implicitly at device creation */
444 ERR("Event query issued with START flag - what to do?\n");
447 if(dwIssueFlags & WINED3DISSUE_BEGIN) {
448 This->state = QUERY_BUILDING;
450 This->state = QUERY_SIGNALLED;
456 static HRESULT WINAPI IWineD3DOcclusionQueryImpl_Issue(IWineD3DQuery* iface, DWORD dwIssueFlags) {
457 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
459 if (GL_SUPPORT(ARB_OCCLUSION_QUERY)) {
460 WineD3DContext *ctx = ((WineQueryOcclusionData *)This->extendedData)->ctx;
462 if(ctx != This->wineD3DDevice->activeContext || ctx->tid != GetCurrentThreadId()) {
463 WARN("Not the owning context, can't start query\n");
466 /* This is allowed according to msdn and our tests. Reset the query and restart */
467 if (dwIssueFlags & WINED3DISSUE_BEGIN) {
468 if(This->state == QUERY_BUILDING) {
469 GL_EXTCALL(glEndQueryARB(GL_SAMPLES_PASSED_ARB));
470 checkGLcall("glEndQuery()");
473 GL_EXTCALL(glBeginQueryARB(GL_SAMPLES_PASSED_ARB, ((WineQueryOcclusionData *)This->extendedData)->queryId));
474 checkGLcall("glBeginQuery()");
476 if (dwIssueFlags & WINED3DISSUE_END) {
477 /* Msdn says _END on a non-building occlusion query returns an error, but
478 * our tests show that it returns OK. But OpenGL doesn't like it, so avoid
479 * generating an error
481 if(This->state == QUERY_BUILDING) {
482 GL_EXTCALL(glEndQueryARB(GL_SAMPLES_PASSED_ARB));
483 checkGLcall("glEndQuery()");
489 FIXME("(%p) : Occlusion queries not supported\n", This);
492 if(dwIssueFlags & WINED3DISSUE_BEGIN) {
493 This->state = QUERY_BUILDING;
495 This->state = QUERY_SIGNALLED;
497 return WINED3D_OK; /* can be WINED3DERR_INVALIDCALL. */
500 static HRESULT WINAPI IWineD3DQueryImpl_Issue(IWineD3DQuery* iface, DWORD dwIssueFlags){
501 IWineD3DQueryImpl *This = (IWineD3DQueryImpl *)iface;
503 TRACE("(%p) : dwIssueFlags %#x, type %#x\n", This, dwIssueFlags, This->type);
505 /* The fixme is printed when the app asks for the resulting data */
506 WARN("(%p) : Unhandled query type %#x\n", This, This->type);
508 if(dwIssueFlags & WINED3DISSUE_BEGIN) {
509 This->state = QUERY_BUILDING;
511 This->state = QUERY_SIGNALLED;
514 return WINED3D_OK; /* can be WINED3DERR_INVALIDCALL. */
518 /**********************************************************
519 * IWineD3DQuery VTbl follows
520 **********************************************************/
522 const IWineD3DQueryVtbl IWineD3DQuery_Vtbl =
524 /*** IUnknown methods ***/
525 IWineD3DQueryImpl_QueryInterface,
526 IWineD3DQueryImpl_AddRef,
527 IWineD3DQueryImpl_Release,
528 /*** IWineD3Dquery methods ***/
529 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetParent,
530 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetDevice,
531 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetData,
532 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetDataSize,
533 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetType,
534 IWineD3DQueryImpl_Issue
537 const IWineD3DQueryVtbl IWineD3DEventQuery_Vtbl =
539 /*** IUnknown methods ***/
540 IWineD3DQueryImpl_QueryInterface,
541 IWineD3DQueryImpl_AddRef,
542 IWineD3DQueryImpl_Release,
543 /*** IWineD3Dquery methods ***/
544 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetParent,
545 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetDevice,
546 IWineD3DEventQueryImpl_GetData,
547 IWineD3DEventQueryImpl_GetDataSize,
548 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetType,
549 IWineD3DEventQueryImpl_Issue
552 const IWineD3DQueryVtbl IWineD3DOcclusionQuery_Vtbl =
554 /*** IUnknown methods ***/
555 IWineD3DQueryImpl_QueryInterface,
556 IWineD3DQueryImpl_AddRef,
557 IWineD3DQueryImpl_Release,
558 /*** IWineD3Dquery methods ***/
559 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetParent,
560 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetDevice,
561 IWineD3DOcclusionQueryImpl_GetData,
562 IWineD3DOcclusionQueryImpl_GetDataSize,
563 IWineD3DQueryImpl_GetType,
564 IWineD3DOcclusionQueryImpl_Issue