1 <chapter id="installing">
2 <title>Installing/compiling Wine</title>
3 <para>How to install Wine...</para>
5 <sect1 id="replace-windows" xreflabel="--Installing Section--">
6 <title>WWN #52 Feature: Replacing Windows</title>
9 Written by &name-ove-kaaven; <email>&email-ove-kaaven;</email>
14 <title>Installation Overview</title>
17 A Windows installation consists of many different parts.
23 Registry. Many keys are supposed to exist and contain
24 meaningful data, even in a newly-installed Windows.
29 Directory structure. Applications expect to find and/or
30 install things in specific predetermined locations. Most
31 of these directories are expected to exist. But unlike
32 Unix directory structures, most of these locations are
33 not hardcoded, and can be queried via the Windows API
34 and the registry. This places additional requirements on
40 System DLLs. In Windows, these usually reside in the
41 <filename>system</filename> (or
42 <filename>system32</filename>) directories. Some Windows
43 applications check for their existence in these
44 directories before attempting to load them. While Wine
45 is able to load its own internal DLLs
46 (<filename>.so</filename> files) when the application
47 asks for a DLL, Wine does not simulate the existence of
54 While the users are of course free to set up everything
55 themselves, the Wine team will make the automated Wine source
56 installation script, <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename>,
57 do everything we find necessary to do; running the
58 conventional <userinput>configure && make depend && make && make
59 install</userinput> cycle is thus not recommended, unless
60 you know what you're doing. At the moment,
61 <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename> is able to create a
62 configuration file, install the registry, and create the
63 directory structure itself.
68 <title>The Registry</title>
70 The default registry is in the file
71 <filename>winedefault.reg</filename>. It contains directory
72 paths, class IDs, and more; it must be installed before most
73 <filename>INSTALL.EXE</filename> or
74 <filename>SETUP.EXE</filename> applications will work. The
75 registry is covered in more detail <link
76 linkend="registry">here</link>.
81 <title>Directory Structure</title>
83 Here's the fundamental layout that Windows applications and
84 installers expect. Without it, they seldom operate
89 C:\ Root directory of primary disk drive
90 Windows\ Windows directory, containing .INI files,
92 System\ Win3.x/95/98/ME directory for common DLLs
93 WinNT/2000 directory for common 16-bit DLLs
94 System32\ WinNT/2000 directory for common 32-bit DLLs
95 Start Menu\ Program launcher directory structure
96 Programs\ Program launcher links (.LNK files) to applications
97 Program Files\ Application binaries (.EXE and .DLL files)
101 Wine emulates drives by placing their virtual drive roots to
102 user-configurable points in the Unix filesystem, so it's
103 your choice where <medialabel>C:</medialabel>'s root should
104 be (<filename>tools/wineinstall</filename> will even ask
105 you). If you choose, say, <filename>/var/wine</filename>, as
106 the root of your virtual drive <medialabel>C</medialabel>,
107 then you'd put this in your <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>:
115 "Filesystem" = "win95"
119 With this configuration, what windows apps think of as
120 "c:\windows\system" would map to
121 <filename>/var/wine/windows/system</filename> in the UNIX
122 filesystem. Note that you need to specify
123 <literal>"Filesystem" = "win95"</literal>, NOT
124 <literal>"Filesystem" = "unix"</literal>, to make Wine simulate a
125 Windows-compatible (case-insensitive) filesystem, otherwise
126 most apps won't work.
131 <title>System DLLs</title>
133 The Wine team has determined that it is necessary to create
134 fake DLL files to trick many applications that check for
135 file existence to determine whether a particular feature
136 (such as Winsock and its TCP/IP networking) is available. If
137 this is a problem for you, you can create empty files in the
138 configured <filename>c:\windows\system</filename> directory
139 to make the application think it's there, and Wine's built-in DLL
140 will be loaded when the application actually asks for it.
141 (Unfortunately, <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename> does
142 not create such empty files itself.)
145 Applications sometimes also try to inspect the version
146 resources from the physical files (for example, to determine
147 the DirectX version). Empty files will not do in this case,
148 it is rather necessary to install files with complete
149 version resources. This problem is currently being worked
150 on. In the meantime, you may still need to grab some real
151 DLL files to fool these apps with.
154 And there are of course DLLs that wine does not currently
155 implement very well (or at all). If you do not have a real
156 Windows you can steal necessary DLLs from, you can always
157 get some from one of the Windows DLL archive sites
158 that can be found via internet search engine.
159 Please make sure to obey any licenses on the DLLs you fetch...
160 (some are redistributable, some aren't).
165 <sect1 id="no-windows">
166 <title>Installing Wine Without Windows</title>
168 Written by &name-james-juran; <email>&email-james-juran;</email>
171 (Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/no-windows</filename>)
175 A major goal of Wine is to allow users to run Windows programs
176 without having to install Windows on their machine. Wine
177 implements the functionality of the main DLLs usually
178 provided with Windows. Therefore, once Wine is finished, you
179 will not need to have Windows installed to use Wine.
182 Wine has already made enough progress that it may be possible
183 to run your target applications without Windows installed. If
184 you want to try it, follow these steps:
190 Point <medialabel>[Drive C]</medialabel> in
191 <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> to the directory where you want
192 <filename>C:</filename> to be. Refer to the wine.conf man page
193 for more information.
194 The directory to be used for emulating a C: drive will be
195 the base directory for some Windows specific directories
198 <userinput>"Filesystem" = "win95"</userinput>!
203 Within the directory to be used for C:, create empty
204 <filename>windows</filename>,
205 <filename>windows/system</filename>,
206 <filename>windows/Start Menu</filename>, and
207 <filename>windows/Start Menu/Programs</filename>
208 directories. Do not point Wine to a
209 <filename>Windows</filename> directory full of old
210 installations and a messy registry. (Wine creates a
211 special registry in your <filename >home</filename>
212 directory, in <filename>$HOME/.wine/*.reg</filename>.
213 Perhaps you have to remove these files).
215 mkdir -p windows windows/system windows/Start\ Menu windows/Start\ Menu/Programs
220 Use <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename> to compile Wine
221 and install the default registry. Or if you prefer to do
222 it yourself, compile <filename>programs/regedit</filename>,
226 <userinput>programs/regedit/regedit < winedefault.reg</userinput>
231 Run and/or install your applications.
237 Because Wine is not yet complete, some programs will work
238 better with native Windows DLLs than with Wine's
239 replacements. Wine has been designed to make this possible.
240 Here are some tips by Juergen Schmied (and others) on how to
241 proceed. This assumes that your
242 <filename>C:\windows</filename> directory in the configuration
243 file does not point to a native Windows installation but is in
244 a separate Unix file system. (For instance, <quote>C:\windows</quote> is
245 really subdirectory <quote>windows</quote> located in
246 <quote>/home/ego/wine/drives/c</quote>).
252 Run the application with <parameter>--debugmsg
253 +loaddll</parameter> to find out which files are
254 needed. Copy the required DLLs one by one to the
255 <filename>C:\windows\system</filename> directory. Do not
256 copy KERNEL/KERNEL32, GDI/GDI32, USER/USER32 or NTDLL. These
257 implement the core functionality of the Windows API, and
258 the Wine internal versions must be used.
263 Edit the <quote>[DllOverrides]</quote> section of
264 <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> to specify
265 <quote>native</quote> before <quote>builtin</quote> for
266 the Windows DLLs you want to use. For more information
267 about this, see the Wine manpage.
272 Note that some network DLLs are not needed even though
273 Wine is looking for them. The Windows
274 <filename>MPR.DLL</filename> currently does not work; you
275 must use the internal implementation.
280 Copy SHELL/SHELL32 and COMDLG/COMDLG32 COMMCTRL/COMCTL32
281 only as pairs to your Wine directory (these DLLs are
282 <quote>clean</quote> to use). Make sure you have these
283 specified in the <quote>[DllPairs]</quote> section of
284 <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>.
289 Be consistent: Use only DLLs from the same Windows version
295 Put <filename>regedit.exe</filename> in the
296 <filename>C:\windows</filename> directory.
297 (<application>Office 95</application> imports a
298 <filename>*.reg</filename> file when it runs with an empty
299 registry, don't know about
300 <application>Office 97</application>).
305 Also add <filename>winhelp.exe</filename> and
306 <filename>winhlp32.exe</filename> if you want to be able
307 to browse through your programs' help function.
313 <sect1 id="with-windows">
314 <title>Installing Wine Using An Existing Windows Partition As Base</title>
316 Some people intend to use the data of an existing Windows partition
317 with Wine in order to gain some better compatibility or to run already
318 installed programs in a setup as original as possible.
319 Note that many Windows programs assume that they have full write
320 access to all windows directories.
322 This means that you either have to configure the Windows
323 partition mount point for write permission by your Wine user
324 (see <link linkend="vfat">Dealing with FAT/VFAT partitions</link>
325 on how to do that), or you'll have to copy over (some parts of) the Windows
326 partition content to a directory of a Unix partition and make
327 sure this directory structure is writable by your user.
328 We HIGHLY DISCOURAGE people from directly using a Windows partition with
329 write access as a base for Wine !! (some programs, notably
330 Explorer, corrupt large parts of the Windows partition in case
331 of an incorrect setup; you've been warned).
332 Not to mention that NTFS write support in Linux is still very
333 experimental and DANGEROUS (in case you're using an NT-based
334 Windows version using the NTFS file system).
335 Thus we advise you to go the Unix directory way.
340 <title>Dealing With FAT/VFAT Partitions</title>
342 Written by &name-steven-elliott; <email>&email-steven-elliott;</email>
345 (Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/linux-fat-permissions</filename>)
348 This document describes how FAT and
349 VFAT file system permissions work in Linux
350 with a focus on configuring them for Wine.
354 <title>Introduction</title>
356 Linux is able to access DOS and Windows file systems using
357 either the FAT (older 8.3 DOS filesystems) or VFAT (newer
358 Windows 95 or later long filename filesystems) modules.
359 Mounted FAT or VFAT filesystems provide the primary means
360 for which existing applications and their data are accessed
361 through Wine for dual boot (Linux + Windows) systems.
364 Wine maps mounted FAT filesystems, such as
365 <filename>/c</filename>, to driver letters, such as
366 <quote>c:</quote>, as indicated by the
367 <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> file. The following excerpt
368 from a <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> file does this:
376 Although VFAT filesystems are preferable to FAT filesystems
377 for their long filename support the term <quote>FAT</quote>
378 will be used throughout the remainder of this document to
379 refer to FAT filesystems and their derivatives. Also,
380 <quote>/c</quote> will be used as the FAT mount point in
381 examples throughout this document.
384 Most modern Linux distributions either detect or allow
385 existing FAT file systems to be configured so that they can be
386 mounted, in a location such as <filename>/c</filename>,
387 either persistently (on bootup) or on an as needed basis. In
388 either case, by default, the permissions will probably be
389 configured so that they look like:
392 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /c</userinput>
393 <prompt>/c></prompt><userinput>ls -l</userinput>
394 <computeroutput>-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 91 Oct 10 17:58 autoexec.bat
395 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 245 Oct 10 17:58 config.sys
396 drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 16384 Dec 30 1998 windows</computeroutput>
399 where all the files are owned by "root", are in the "root"
400 group and are only writable by "root"
401 (<literal>755</literal> permissions). This is restrictive in
402 that it requires that Wine be run as root in order for
403 applications to be able to write to any part of the
407 There are three major approaches to overcoming the restrictive
408 permissions mentioned in the previous paragraph:
413 Run <application>Wine</application> as root
418 Mount the FAT filesystem with less restrictive
424 Shadow the FAT filesystem by completely or partially
430 Each approach will be discussed in the following sections.
435 <title>Running Wine as root</title>
437 Running Wine as root is the easiest and most thorough way of giving
438 applications that Wine runs unrestricted access to FAT files systems.
439 Running wine as root also allows applications to do things unrelated
440 to FAT filesystems, such as listening to ports that are less than
441 1024. Running Wine as root is dangerous since there is no limit to
442 what the application can do to the system.
447 <title>Mounting FAT filesystems</title>
449 The FAT filesystem can be mounted with permissions less restrictive
450 than the default. This can be done by either changing the user that
451 mounts the FAT filesystem or by explicitly changing the permissions
452 that the FAT filesystem is mounted with. The permissions are
453 inherited from the process that mounts the FAT filesystem. Since the
454 process that mounts the FAT filesystem is usually a startup script
455 running as root the FAT filesystem inherits root's permissions. This
456 results in the files on the FAT filesystem having permissions similar
457 to files created by root. For example:
460 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>whoami</userinput>
461 <computeroutput>root</computeroutput>
462 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>touch root_file</userinput>
463 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>ls -l root_file</userinput>
464 <computeroutput></computeroutput>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 10 00:20 root_file
467 which matches the owner, group and permissions of files seen
468 on the FAT filesystem except for the missing 'x's. The
469 permissions on the FAT filesystem can be changed by changing
470 root's umask (unset permissions bits). For example:
473 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umount /c</userinput>
474 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umask</userinput>
475 <computeroutput>022</computeroutput>
476 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umask 073</userinput>
477 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>mount /c</userinput>
478 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /c</userinput>
479 <prompt>/c></prompt><userinput>ls -l</userinput>
480 <computeroutput>-rwx---r-- 1 root root 91 Oct 10 17:58 autoexec.bat
481 -rwx---r-- 1 root root 245 Oct 10 17:58 config.sys
482 drwx---r-- 41 root root 16384 Dec 30 1998 windows</computeroutput>
485 Mounting the FAT filesystem with a umask of
486 <literal>000</literal> gives all users complete control over
487 it. Explicitly specifying the permissions of the FAT
488 filesystem when it is mounted provides additional control.
489 There are three mount options that are relevant to FAT
490 permissions: <literal>uid</literal>, <literal>gid</literal>
491 and <literal>umask</literal>. They can each be specified
492 when the filesystem is manually mounted. For example:
495 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umount /c</userinput>
496 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>mount -o uid=500 -o gid=500 -o umask=002 /c</userinput>
497 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /c</userinput>
498 <prompt>/c></prompt><userinput>ls -l</userinput>
499 <computeroutput>-rwxrwxr-x 1 sle sle 91 Oct 10 17:58 autoexec.bat
500 -rwxrwxr-x 1 sle sle 245 Oct 10 17:58 config.sys
501 drwxrwxr-x 41 sle sle 16384 Dec 30 1998 windows</computeroutput>
504 which gives "sle" complete control over
505 <filename>/c</filename>. The options listed above can be
506 made permanent by adding them to the
507 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file:
510 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>grep /c /etc/fstab</userinput>
511 <computeroutput>/dev/hda1 /c vfat uid=500,gid=500,umask=002,exec,dev,suid,rw 1 1</computeroutput>
514 Note that the umask of <literal>002</literal> is common in
515 the user private group file permission scheme. On FAT file
516 systems this umask assures that all files are fully
517 accessible by all users in the specified group
518 (<literal>gid</literal>).
523 <title>Shadowing FAT filesystems</title>
525 Shadowing provides a finer granularity of control. Parts of
526 the original FAT filesystem can be copied so that the
527 application can safely work with those copied parts while
528 the application continues to directly read the remaining
529 parts. This is done with symbolic links. For example,
530 consider a system where an application named
531 <application>AnApp</application> must be able to read and
532 write to the <filename>c:\windows</filename> and
533 <filename>c:\AnApp</filename> directories as well as have
534 read access to the entire FAT filesystem. On this system
535 the FAT filesystem has default permissions which should not
536 be changed for security reasons or can not be changed due to
537 lack of root access. On this system a shadow directory
538 might be set up in the following manner:
541 <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /</userinput>
542 <prompt>/></prompt><userinput>mkdir c_shadow</userinput>
543 <prompt>/></prompt><userinput>cd c_shadow</userinput>
544 <prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>ln -s /c_/* .</userinput>
545 <prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>rm windows AnApp</userinput>
546 <prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>cp -R /c_/{windows,AnApp} .</userinput>
547 <prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>chmod -R 777 windows AnApp</userinput>
548 <prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>perl -p -i -e 's|/c$|/c_shadow|g' /usr/local/etc/wine.conf</userinput>
551 The above gives everyone complete read and write access to
552 the <filename>windows</filename> and
553 <filename>AnApp</filename> directories while only root has
554 write access to all other directories.
559 <sect1 id="scsi-support">
560 <title>SCSI Support</title>
562 Written by &name-bruce-milner; <email>&email-bruce-milner;</email>;
563 Additions by &name-andreas-mohr; <email>&email-andreas-mohr;</email>
566 (Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/aspi</filename>)
570 This file describes setting up the Windows ASPI interface.
574 <warning><title>Warning/Warning/Warning!!!!!!</title>
575 <para>This may trash your system if used incorrectly. It may
576 even trash your system when used <emphasis>correctly</>!
582 Now that I have said that. ASPI is a direct link to SCSI devices from
583 windows programs. ASPI just forwards the SCSI commands that programs send
584 to it to the SCSI bus.
587 If you use the wrong SCSI device in your setup file, you can send
588 completely bogus commands to the wrong device - An example would be
589 formatting your hard drives (assuming the device gave you permission -
590 if you're running as root, all bets are off).
593 So please make sure that <emphasis>all</emphasis> SCSI devices not needed by the program
594 have their permissions set as restricted as possible !
598 Cookbook for setting up scanner: (At least how mine is to work)
599 (well, for other devices such as CD burners, MO drives, ..., too)
603 <title>Windows requirements</title>
607 The scanner software needs to use the "Adaptec"
608 compatible drivers (ASPI). At least with Mustek, they
609 allow you the choice of using the builtin card or the
610 "Adaptec (AHA)" compatible drivers. This will not work
611 any other way. Software that accesses the scanner via a
612 DOS ASPI driver (e.g. ASPI2DOS) is supported, too. [AM]
617 You probably need a real windows install of the software
618 to set the LUN's/SCSI id's up correctly. I'm not exactly
626 <title>Linux requirements</title>
630 Your SCSI card must be supported under Linux. This will
631 not work with an unknown SCSI card. Even for cheap'n
632 crappy "scanner only" controllers some special Linux
633 drivers exist on the net.
634 If you intend to use your IDE device, you need to use the
637 <ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html">
638 http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html</ulink>
639 for ide-scsi setup instructions.
644 Compile generic SCSI drivers into your kernel.
649 This seems to be not required any more for newer (2.2.x) kernels:
650 Linux by default uses smaller SCSI buffers than Windows.
651 There is a kernel build define <literal>SG_BIG_BUFF</literal> (in
652 <filename>sg.h</filename>) that is by default set too
653 low. The SANE project recommends
654 <literal>130560</literal> and this seems to work just
655 fine. This does require a kernel rebuild.
660 Make the devices for the scanner (generic SCSI devices)
661 - look at the SCSI programming HOWTO at
662 <ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/SCSI-Programming-HOWTO.html">
663 http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/SCSI-Programming-HOWTO.html</ulink>
664 for device numbering.
669 I would recommend making the scanner device writable by
670 a group. I made a group called
671 <literal>scanner</literal> and added myself to it.
672 Running as root increases your risk of sending bad SCSI
673 commands to the wrong device. With a regular user, you
674 are better protected.
679 For Win32 software (WNASPI32), Wine has auto-detection in place.
680 For Win16 software (WINASPI), you need to add a SCSI device entry
681 for your particular scanner to ~/.wine/config. The format is
682 <literal>[scsi cCtTdD]</literal> where
683 <literal>"C" = "controller"</literal>,
684 <literal>"T" = "target"</literal>, <literal>D=LUN</literal>
687 For example, I set mine up as controller <literal>0</literal>,
688 Target <literal>6</literal>, LUN <literal>0</literal>.
691 "Device" = "/dev/sgi"
693 Yours will vary with your particular SCSI setup.
700 <title>General Information</title>
702 The mustek scanner I have was shipped with a package
703 "ipplus". This program uses the TWAIN driver specification
711 ipplus.exe <-> (TWAIN INTERFACE) <-> (TWAIN DATA SOURCE.ASPI) -> WINASPI
717 <title>NOTES/BUGS</title>
719 The biggest is that it only works under Linux at the moment.
722 The ASPI code has only been tested with:
727 a Mustek 800SP with a Buslogic controller under Linux [BM]
732 a Siemens Nixdorf 9036 with Adaptec AVA-1505 under Linux
733 accessed via DOSASPI. Note that I had color problems,
734 though (barely readable result) [AM]
739 a Fujitsu M2513A MO drive (640MB) using generic SCSI
740 drivers. Formatting and ejecting worked perfectly.
741 Thanks to Uwe Bonnes for access to the hardware ! [AM]
746 I make no warranty to the ASPI code. It makes my scanner
747 work. Your devices may explode. I have no way of determining
748 this. I take zero responsibility!
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