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[wine] / documentation / configuring.sgml

  <chapter id="config-wine-main">
    <title>Configuring Wine</title>
    <para>
      Now that you hopefully managed to successfully install
      the Wine program files,
      this chapter will tell you how to configure the Wine environment
      properly to run your Windows programs.
    </para>
    <para>
      First, we'll give you an overview about which kinds of
      configuration and program execution aspects a fully configured
      Windows environment has to fulfill in order to ensure that many
      Windows programs run successfully without encountering any
      misconfigured or missing items.
      Next, we'll show you which easy helper programs exist
      to enable even novice users to complete the Wine environment
      configuration in a fast and easy way.
      The next section will explain the purpose of the Wine configuration file,
      and we'll list all of its settings.
      After that, the next section will detail the most important and
      unfortunately most difficult configuration part:
      how to configure the file system and DOS drive environment that
      Windows programs need.
      In the last step we'll tell you how to establish a working Windows
      registry base.
      Finally, the remaining parts of this chapter contain descriptions
      of specific Wine configuration items that might also be
      of interest to you.
    </para>

    <sect1 id="config-requirements-windows" xreflabel="--Installing Section--">
      <title>What are the requirements of a fully working Windows environment?</title>

        <para>
          A Windows installation is a very complex structure. It consists of
          many different parts with very different functionality.
          We'll try to outline the most important aspects of it.
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Registry. Many keys are supposed to exist and contain
              meaningful data, even in a newly-installed Windows.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Directory structure. Applications expect to find and/or
              install things in specific predetermined locations. Most
              of these directories are expected to exist. But unlike
              Unix directory structures, most of these locations are
              not hardcoded, and can be queried via the Windows API
              and the registry. This places additional requirements on
              a Wine installation.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              System DLLs. In Windows, these usually reside in the
              <filename>system</filename> (or
              <filename>system32</filename>) directory. Some Windows
              programs check for their existence in these
              directories before attempting to load them. While Wine
              is able to load its own internal DLLs
              (<filename>.so</filename> files) when the program
              asks for a DLL, Wine does not simulate the presence of
              non-existent files.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
          While the users are of course free to set up everything
          themselves, the Wine team will make the automated Wine source
          installation script, <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename>,
          do everything we find necessary to do; running the
          conventional <userinput>configure && make depend && make && make
            install</userinput> cycle is thus not recommended, unless
          you know what you're doing. At the moment,
          <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename> is able to create a
          configuration file, install the registry, and create the
          directory structure itself.
        </para>

    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="config-helper-programs">
      <title>Easy configuration helper programs</title>

      <para>
        Managing the Wine configuration file settings can be a
        difficult task, sometimes too difficult for some people.
        That's why there are some helper applications for easily setting up an
        initial wine configuration file with useful default settings.
      </para>

      <sect2 id="config-helper-winesetuptk">
        <title>WineSetupTk</title>
        <para>
          WineSetupTk is a graphical Wine configuration tool with
          incredibly easy handling of Wine configuration issues, to be
          used for configuring the Wine environment after having
          installed the Wine files.
          It has been written by CodeWeavers in 2000 as part of a host
          of other efforts to make Wine more desktop oriented, and updated
          in 2003 by Vincent Béron, Alex Pasadyn and Ivan Leo Puoti.
        </para>
        <para>
          If you're using Debian, simply install the WineSetupTk
          package (as root):
        </para>
  <screen>
  <prompt># </prompt><userinput>apt-get install winesetuptk</userinput>
  </screen>
        <para>
          If you're using another distribution, you can get WineSetupTk from the
          <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=6241">
          sourceforge.net Wine download page</ulink>
        </para>
      </sect2>
      
      <sect2 id="config-helper-wineinstall">
        <title>wineinstall</title>
        <para>
          <command>wineinstall</command> is a small configuration tool
          residing as <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename> in a Wine
          source code tree.  It has been written to allow for an easy
          and complete compilation/installation of Wine source code for
          people who don't bother with reading heaps of very valuable
          and informative documentation ;-)
        </para>
        <para>
          Once you have successfully extracted the Wine source code
          tree, change to the main directory of it and then run (as
          user):
        </para>
  <screen>
  <prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>./tools/wineinstall</userinput>
  </screen>
        <para>
          Doing so will compile Wine, install Wine and configure the
          Wine environment (either by providing access to a Windows
          partition or by creating a properly configured no-windows
          directory environment).
        </para>

      </sect2>
<!--
      Commenting out until winecfg doesn't actually do something.
      <sect2 id="config-helper-winecfg">
        <title>winecfg</title>
        <para>
          <command>winecfg</command> is a small graphical configuration tool
          residing as <filename>programs/winecfg</filename> in a Wine
          source code tree. It is a Winelib app making use of standard
          Win32 GUI controls to easily customize entries in a Wine
          configuration file.
        </para>
      </sect2>
-->
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="config-verify">
      <title>Verification of correct configuration</title>

      <para>
        TODO: After you have finished configuring Wine you can verify
        your Wine configuration by running winecfg.
        This functionality will be added to winecfg
        in the near future.
      </para>
      <para>
        Please check out the
        configuration documentation below to find out more about Wine's
        configuration, or proceed to the <link linkend="bugs">Troubleshooting
        chapter</link>.
      </para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="config-file">
      <title>The Wine Configuration File</title>
      <para>
        This section is meant to contain both an easy step-by-step introduction
        to the Wine configuration file (for new Wine users)
        and a complete reference to all Wine configuration file settings (for
        advanced users).
      </para>

      <sect2>
        <title>Configuration File Introduction</title>
        <para>
          The Wine configuration file is the central file to store
          configuration settings for Wine.
          This file (which is called <filename>config</filename>)
          can be found in the sub directory <filename>.wine/</filename>
          of your user's home directory
          (directory <filename>/home/user/</filename>). In other words, the Wine
          configuration file is <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>.
          Note that since the Wine configuration file is a part of the
          Wine registry file system, this file also
          <emphasis>requires</emphasis> a correct "WINE REGISTRY
          Version 2" header line to be recognized properly, just like
          all other Wine registry text files (just in case you decided
          to write your own registry file from scratch and wonder why
          Wine keeps rejecting it).
        </para>
        <para>
          The settings available in the configuration file include:
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Directory settings
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Port settings
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                The Wine look and feel
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Wine's DLL usage
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Wine's multimedia drivers and DLL configuration
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2>
        <title>Creating Or Modifying The Configuration File</title>
        <para>
          If you just installed Wine for the first time and want to
          finish Wine installation by configuring it now, then you could
          use our sample configuration file <filename>config</filename>
          (which can be found in the directory
          <filename>documentation/samples/</filename> of the Wine source
          code directory) as a base for adapting the Wine configuration
          file to the settings you want.
          First, I should mention that you should not forget to make
          sure that any previous configuration file at
          <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> has been safely moved out
          of the way instead of simply overwriting it when you will now
          copy over the sample configuration file.
        </para>
        <para>
          If you don't have a pre-existing configuration file and thus
          need to copy over our sample configuration file to the
          standard Wine configuration file location, do in a
          <glossterm>terminal</glossterm>:
  <screen>
  <prompt>$ </><userinput>mkdir ~/.wine/</>
  <prompt>$ </><userinput>cp <replaceable>dir_to_wine_source_code</replaceable>/documentation/samples/config ~/.wine/config</>
  </screen>
          Otherwise, simply use the already existing configuration file
          at <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>.
        </para>
        <para>
          Now you can start adapting the configuration file's settings with an
          <glossterm>editor</glossterm> according to the documentation
          below.
          Note that you should <emphasis>only</emphasis> change
          configuration file settings if wineserver is not running (in
          other words: if your user doesn't have a Wine session running),
          otherwise Wine won't use them - and even worse, wineserver will
          overwrite them with the old settings once wineserver quits!!
        </para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2 id="config-file-how">
        <title>What Does It Contain?</title>

        <para>
          Let's start by giving an overview of which sections a
          configuration file may contain, and whether the inclusion of
          the respective section is <emphasis>needed</emphasis> or only <emphasis>recommended</emphasis> ("recmd").
        </para>

        <informaltable frame="all">
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <thead>
              <row>
                <entry>Section Name</entry>
                <entry>Needed?</entry>
                <entry>What it Does</entry>
              </row>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>[wine]</entry>
                <entry>yes</entry>
                <entry>General settings for Wine</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[DllOverrides]</entry>
                <entry>recmd</entry>
                <entry>Overrides defaults for DLL loading</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[x11drv]</entry>
                <entry>recmd</entry>
                <entry>Graphics driver settings</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[fonts]</entry>
                <entry>yes</entry>
                <entry>Font appearance and recognition</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[ppdev]</entry>
                <entry>no</entry>
                <entry>Parallelport emulation</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[spooler]</entry>
                <entry>no</entry>
                <entry>Print spooling</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[ports]</entry>
                <entry>no</entry>
                <entry>Direct port access</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[Debug]</entry>
                <entry>no</entry>
                <entry>What to do with certain debug messages</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[Registry]</entry>
                <entry>no</entry>
                <entry>Specifies locations of windows registry files</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[programs]</entry>
                <entry>no</entry>
                <entry>Programs to be run automatically</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[Console]</entry>
                <entry>no</entry>
                <entry>Console settings</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[Clipboard]</entry>
                <entry>no</entry>
                <entry>Interaction for Wine and X11 clipboard</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[afmdirs]</entry>
                <entry>no</entry>
                <entry>Postscript driver settings</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[WinMM]</entry>
                <entry>yes</entry>
                <entry>Multimedia settings</entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>[AppDefaults]</entry>
                <entry>no</entry>
                <entry>Overwrite the settings of previous sections for special programs</entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>

        <para>
          Now let's explain the configuration file sections in a
          detailed way.
        </para>

        <sect3 id="config-wine">
          <title>The [wine] Section </title>
          <para>
            The [wine] section of the configuration file contains all kinds
            of general settings for Wine.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>
"Windows" = "c:\\windows"
"System" = "c:\\windows\\system"
"Temp" = "c:\\temp"
"Path" = "c:\\windows;c:\\windows\\system;c:\\blanco"
"ShowDirSymlinks" = "1"
            </programlisting>
            For a detailed description of drive layer configuration and
            the meaning of these parameters, please look at the <link
            linkend="config-drive-main">Disc Drives, Serial and Parallel
            Ports section</link>.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"GraphicsDriver" = "x11drv|ttydrv"</programlisting>
            Sets the graphics driver to use for Wine output.
            x11drv is for X11 output, ttydrv is for text console output.
            WARNING: if you use ttydrv here, then you won't be able to run
            a lot of Windows GUI programs (ttydrv is still pretty "broken"
            at running graphical apps). Thus this option is mainly interesting
            for e.g. embedded use of Wine in web server scripts.
            Note that ttydrv is still very lacking, so if it doesn't work,
            resort to using "xvfb", a virtual X11 server.
            Another way to run Wine without display would be to run X11
            via Xvnc, then connect to that VNC display using xvncviewer
            (that way you're still able to connect to your app and
            configure it if need be).
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"Printer" = "off|on"</programlisting> Tells wine
            whether to allow printing via printer drivers to work.
            This option isn't needed for our built-in psdrv printer driver
            at all.
            Using these things are pretty alpha, so you might want to
            watch out. Some people might find it useful, however. If
            you're not planning to work on printing via windows printer
            drivers, don't even add this to your wine configuration file
            (It probably isn't already in it).
            Check out the [spooler] and [parallelports] sections too.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"ShellLinker" = "wineshelllink"</programlisting>
            This setting specifies the shell linker script to use for setting
            up Windows icons in e.g. KDE or Gnome that are given by programs
            making use of appropriate shell32.dll functionality to create
            icons on the desktop/start menu during installation.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"SymbolTableFile" = "wine.sym"</programlisting>
            Sets up the symbol table file for the wine debugger. You
            probably don't need to fiddle with this. May be useful if
            your wine is stripped.
          </para>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="config-dlloverrides">
          <title>The [DllOverrides] Section</title>
          <para>
            The format for this section is the same for each line:
            <programlisting>&lt;DLL>{,&lt;DLL>,&lt;DLL>...} = &lt;FORM>{,&lt;FORM>,&lt;FORM>...}</programlisting>
            For example, to load built-in KERNEL pair (case doesn't
            matter here):
            <programlisting>"kernel,kernel32" = "builtin"</programlisting>
            To load the native COMMDLG pair, but if that doesn't work
            try built-in:
            <programlisting>"commdlg,comdlg32" = "native, builtin"</programlisting>
            To load the native COMCTL32:
            <programlisting>"comctl32" = "native"</programlisting>
            Here is a good generic setup (As it is defined in config
            that was included with your wine package):
            <programlisting>
[DllOverrides]
"rpcrt4"       = "builtin, native"
"oleaut32"     = "builtin, native"
"ole32"        = "builtin, native"
"commdlg"      = "builtin, native"
"comdlg32"     = "builtin, native"
"ver"          = "builtin, native"
"version"      = "builtin, native"
"shell"        = "builtin, native"
"shell32"      = "builtin, native"
"shfolder"     = "builtin, native"
"shlwapi"      = "builtin, native"
"shdocvw"      = "builtin, native"
"lzexpand"     = "builtin, native"
"lz32"         = "builtin, native"
"comctl32"     = "builtin, native"
"commctrl"     = "builtin, native"
"advapi32"     = "builtin, native"
"crtdll"       = "builtin, native"
"mpr"          = "builtin, native"
"winspool.drv" = "builtin, native"
"ddraw"        = "builtin, native"
"dinput"       = "builtin, native"
"dsound"       = "builtin, native"
"opengl32"     = "builtin, native"
"msvcrt"       = "native, builtin"
"msvideo"      = "builtin, native"
"msvfw32"      = "builtin, native"
"mcicda.drv"   = "builtin, native"
"mciseq.drv"   = "builtin, native"
"mciwave.drv"  = "builtin, native"
"mciavi.drv"   = "native, builtin"
"mcianim.drv"  = "native, builtin"
"msacm.drv"    = "builtin, native"
"msacm"        = "builtin, native"
"msacm32"      = "builtin, native"
"midimap.drv"  = "builtin, native"
; you can specify programs too
"notepad.exe"  = "native, builtin"
; default for all other DLLs
"*" = "native, builtin"
            </programlisting>
          </para>
          <note>
            <para>
              If loading of the libraries that are listed first fails,
              wine will just go on by using the second or third option.
            </para>
          </note>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="config-fonts">
          <title>The [fonts] Section</title>
          <para>
            This section sets up wine's font handling.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"Resolution" = "96"</programlisting>
            Since the way X handles fonts is different from the way
            Windows does, wine uses a special mechanism to deal with
            them. It must scale them using the number defined in the
            "Resolution" setting. 60-120 are reasonable values, 96 is
            a nice in the middle one. If you have the real windows
            fonts available , this parameter will not be as
            important. Of course, it's always good to get your X fonts
            working acceptably in wine.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"Default" = "-adobe-times-"</programlisting>
            The default font wine uses. Fool around with it if you'd like.
          </para>
          <para>
  OPTIONAL:
          </para>
          <para>
            The <literal>Alias</literal> setting allows you to map an X font to a font
            used in wine. This is good for apps that need a special font you don't have,
            but a good replacement exists. The syntax is like so:
            <programlisting>"AliasX" = "[Fake windows name],[Real X name]"&lt;,optional "masking" section></programlisting>
            Pretty straightforward. Replace "AliasX" with "Alias0",
            then "Alias1" and so on. The fake windows name is the name
            that the font will be under a windows app in wine. The
            real X name is the font name as seen by X (Run
            "xfontsel"). The optional "masking" section allows you to
            utilize the fake windows name you define. If it is not
            used, then wine will just try to extract the fake windows
            name itself and not use the value you enter.
          </para>
          <para>
            Here is an example of an alias without masking. The font will show up in windows
            apps as "Google".
            <programlisting>"Alias0" = "Foo,--google-"</programlisting>
            Here is an example with masking enabled. The font will show up as "Foo" in
            windows apps.
            <programlisting>"Alias1" = "Foo,--google-,subst"</programlisting>
            For more information check out the <link linkend="config-fonts-main">Fonts</link>
            chapter.
          </para>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="config-io">
          <title>The [spooler] and [ports] Sections</title>
          <para>
            The [spooler] section will inform wine where to spool
            print jobs. Use this if you want to try printing. Wine
            docs claim that spooling is "rather primitive" at this
            time, so it won't work perfectly. <emphasis>It is optional.</emphasis> The only
            setting you use in this section works to map a port (LPT1,
            for example) to a file or a command. Here is an example,
            mapping LPT1 to the file <filename>out.ps</filename>:
            <programlisting>"LPT1:" = "out.ps"</programlisting>
            The following command maps printing jobs to LPT1 to the
            command <command>lpr</command>. Notice  the |:
            <programlisting>"LPT1:" = "|lpr"</programlisting>
            The [ports] section is usually useful only for people who
            need direct port access for programs requiring dongles or
            scanners. <emphasis>If you don't need it, don't use
            it!</emphasis>
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"read" = "0x779,0x379,0x280-0x2a0"</programlisting>
            Gives direct read access to those IO's.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"write" = "0x779,0x379,0x280-0x2a0"</programlisting>
            Gives direct write access to those IO's. It's probably a
            good idea to keep the values of the
            <literal>read</literal> and <literal>write</literal>
            settings the same. This stuff will only work when you're
            root.
          </para>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="config-debug-etc">
          <title>The [Debug], [Registry], and [programs] Sections</title>
          <para>
            [Debug] is used to include or exclude debug messages, and to
            output them to a file. The latter is rarely used. <emphasis>These
            are all optional and you probably don't need to add or
            remove anything in this section to your config.</emphasis> (In extreme
            cases you may want to use these options to manage the amount
            of information generated by <parameter>WINEDEBUG=+relay
            </parameter> )
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"File" = "/blanco"</programlisting>
            Sets the logfile for wine. Set to CON to log to standard out.
            <emphasis>This is rarely used.</emphasis>
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"SpyExclude" = "WM_SIZE;WM_TIMER;"</programlisting>
            Excludes debug messages about <constant>WM_SIZE</constant>
            and <constant>WM_TIMER</constant> in the logfile.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"SpyInclude" = "WM_SIZE;WM_TIMER;"</programlisting>
            Includes debug messages about <constant>WM_SIZE</constant>
            and <constant>WM_TIMER</constant> in the logfile.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"RelayInclude" = "user32.CreateWindowA;comctl32.*"</programlisting>
            Include only the listed functions in a
            <parameter>WINEDEBUG=+relay</parameter> trace.  This entry is
            ignored if there is a <parameter>RelayExclude</parameter> entry.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"RelayExclude" = "RtlEnterCriticalSection;RtlLeaveCriticalSection"</programlisting>
            Exclude the listed functions in a
            <parameter>WINEDEBUG=+relay</parameter> trace.  This entry
            overrides any settings in a <parameter>RelayInclude</parameter>
            entry.  If neither entry is present then the trace includes
            everything.
          </para>
          <para>
            In both entries the functions may be specified either as a
            function name or as a module and function.  In this latter
            case specify an asterisk for the function name to include/exclude
            all functions in the module.
          </para>
          <para>
            [Registry] can be used to tell wine where your old windows
            registry files exist. This section is completely optional
            and useless to people using wine without an existing
            windows installation.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"UserFileName" = "/dirs/to/user.reg"</programlisting>
            The location of your old <filename>user.reg</filename> file.
          </para>
          <para>
            [programs] can be used to say what programs run under
            special conditions.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"Default" = "/program/to/execute.exe"</programlisting>
            Sets the program to be run if wine is started without specifying a program.
          </para>
          <para>
            <programlisting>"Startup" = "/program/to/execute.exe"</programlisting>
            Sets the program to automatically be run at startup every time.
          </para>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="config-winmm">
          <title>The [WinMM] Section</title>
          <para>
            [WinMM] is used to define which multimedia drivers have to be loaded. Since
            those drivers may depend on the multimedia interfaces available on your system
            (OSS, ALSA... to name a few), it's needed to be able to configure which driver
            has to be loaded.
          </para>

          <para>
            The content of the section looks like:
            <programlisting>
[WinMM]
"Drivers" = "wineoss.drv"
"WaveMapper" = "msacm.drv"
"MidiMapper" = "midimap.drv"
            </programlisting>
            All the keys must be defined:
            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  The "Drivers" key is a ';' separated list of modules name, each of
                  them containing a low level driver. All those drivers will be loaded
                  when MMSYSTEM/WINMM is started and will provide their inner features.
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  The "WaveMapper" represents the name of the module containing the Wave
                  Mapper driver. Only one wave mapper can be defined in the system.
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  The "MidiMapper" represents the name of the module containing the MIDI
                  Mapper driver. Only one MIDI mapper can be defined in the system.
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
          </para>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="config-network">
          <title>The [Network] Section</title>
          <para>
            [Network] contains settings related to
            networking. Currently there is only one value that can be set.
          </para>
          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry>
              <term>UseDnsComputerName</term>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  A boolean setting (default: <literal>Y</literal>)
                  that affects the way Wine sets the computer name. The computer
                  name in the Windows world is the so-called <emphasis>NetBIOS name</emphasis>.
                  It is contained in the <varname>ComputerName</varname> in the registry entry
                  <varname>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\ComputerName\ComputerName</varname>.
                </para>
                <para>
                  If this option is set to "Y" or missing, Wine will set the
                  NetBIOS name to the Unix host name of your computer, if
                  necessary truncated to 31 characters. The Unix hostname is the output
                  of the shell command <command>hostname</command>, up to but not
                  including the first dot ('.'). Among other things, this means that
                  Windows programs running under Wine cannot change the NetBIOS computer name.
                </para>
                <para>
                  If this option is set to "N", Wine will use the registry value above
                  to set the NetBIOS name. Only if the registry entry doesn't exist (usually
                  only during the first wine startup) it will use the Unix hostname as
                  usual. Windows programs can change the NetBIOS name. The change
                  will be effective after a "reboot", i.e. after restarting Wine.
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="config-appdefaults">
          <title>The [AppDefaults] Section</title>
          <para>
            The section is used to overwrite certain settings of this file for a
            special program with different settings.
            [AppDefaults] is not the real name of the section. The real name
            consists of the leading word AppDefaults followed by the name
            of the executable the section is valid for.
            The end of the section name is the name of the
            corresponding "standard" section of the configuration file
            that should have some of its settings overwritten with the
            program specific settings you define.
            The three parts of the section name are separated by two backslashes.
          </para>
          <para>
            Currently wine supports overriding selected settings within
            the sections [DllOverrides], [x11drv], [version] and [dsound] only.
          </para>
          <para>
            Here is an example that overrides the normal settings for a
            program:
            <programlisting>
;; default settings
[x11drv]
"Managed" = "Y"
"Desktop" = "N"

;; run install in desktop mode
[AppDefaults\\install.exe\\x11drv]
"Managed" = "N"
"Desktop" = "800x600"
            </programlisting>
          </para>
        </sect3>
      </sect2>

      <sect2 id="config-trouble">
        <title>What If It Doesn't Work?</title>
        <para>
          There is always a chance that things will go wrong. If the
          unthinkable happens, report the problem to
          <ulink url="http://bugs.winehq.org/">Wine Bugzilla</ulink>,
          try the newsgroup
          <systemitem>comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine</systemitem>,
          or the IRC channel <systemitem>#WineHQ</systemitem> found on
          irc.freenode.net, or connected servers.
          Make sure that you have looked over this document thoroughly,
          and have also read:
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              <filename>README</filename>
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              <filename>http://www.winehq.org/trouble/</filename>
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          If indeed it looks like you've done your research, be
          prepared for helpful suggestions. If you haven't, brace
          yourself for heaving flaming.
        </para>
      </sect2>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="config-drive-main">
      <title>Disc Drives, Serial and Parallel Ports</title>
      <sect2>
        <title>Extremely Important Prerequisites</title>
        <para>
          If you're planning to include access to a CD-ROM drive in your Wine
          configuration on Linux, then <emphasis>make sure</emphasis> to add
          the <quote>unhide</quote> mount option to the CD-ROM file system
          entry in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, e.g.:
          <programlisting>/dev/cdrom /cdrom  iso9660 ro,noauto,users,unhide 0 0</programlisting>
          Several Windows program setup CD-ROMs or other CD-ROMs chose
          to do such braindamaged things as marking very important setup
          helper files on the CD-ROM as <quote>hidden</quote>.
          That's no problem on Windows, since the Windows CD-ROM driver by
          default displays even files that are supposed to be
          <quote>hidden</quote>. But on Linux, which chose to
          <emphasis>hide</emphasis> <quote>hidden</quote> files on CD by
          default, this is <emphasis>FATAL</emphasis>!
          (the programs will simply abort with an <quote>installation file not found</quote> or similar error)
          Thus you should never forget to add this setting.
        </para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2>
        <title>Short Introduction</title>
        <para>
          Windows applications refer to disc drives by letters such as
          <filename>A:</filename>, <filename>B:</filename> and
          <filename>C:</filename>, and to serial and parallel ports by names
          such as <filename>COM1</filename>: and <filename>LPT1:</filename>.
        </para>
        <para>
          You need to tell Wine how to interpret these. You do so by
          specifying the Unix file system nodes and devices that Wine
          should map them onto, as described later in this section.
        </para>
        <para>
          You can map a Windows fixed disc drive onto any node in your
          Unix file system - this need not be the root node of a drive.
          For example, you could map your Windows drive <filename>C:</filename>
          onto your Unix directory <filename>/usr/share/wine-C</filename>.
          Then the Windows folder <filename>C:\Windows\Fonts</filename> would
          be at <filename>/usr/share/wine-C/Windows/Fonts</filename> in your
          Unix file system.
        </para>
        <para>
          Make sure that you have assigned drive letters for directories
          that will cover all the items Wine needs to access. These include
          the programs that you run, the data files they need and the Wine
          debugger (in case anything goes wrong).
        </para>
        <para>
          It is best to use a number of drive letters, and map them onto
          directories that cover small sections of the file system containing
          the files that Wine will need to access. This is safer than simply
          assigning a single drive letter to the Unix root directory 
          <filename></filename>/, which would allow Windows applications to
          access the whole of your Unix file system (subject, of course,
          to Unix permissions). If one of them misbehaved, or if you
          accidentally installed a virus, this might leave you vulnerable.
        </para>
        <para>
          For replaceable media, such as floppy discs and CD-ROMs, you should
          map Windows drive letters onto the mount points for these drives in
          your Unix file system - for example <filename>/mnt/floppy</filename>
          or <filename>/mnt/cdrom</filename>.
        </para>
        <para>
          If your applications access serial and parallel ports directly,
          you should map these onto the corresponding Unix devices
          - for example <filename>/dev/ttyS0</filename> and
          <filename>/dev/lp0</filename>.
        </para>

      </sect2>

      <sect2 id="config-drive-dir">
        <title>Windows Directory Structure</title>
        <para>
          Here's the fundamental layout that Windows programs and
          installers expect and that we thus need to configure properly
          in Wine. Without it, they seldomly operate correctly.  If you
          intend to use a no-windows environment (not using an existing
          Windows partition), then it is recommended to use either
          <command>WineSetupTk</command>'s or
          <command>wineinstall</command>'s capabilities to create an
          initial windows directory tree, since creating a directory
          structure manually is tiresome and error-prone.
        </para>

<programlisting>
C:\                Root directory of primary disk drive
  Windows\         Windows directory, containing .INI files,
                     accessories, etc.
    System\        Win3.x/95/98/ME directory for common DLLs
                     WinNT/2000 directory for common 16-bit DLLs
    System32\      WinNT/2000 directory for common 32-bit DLLs
    Start Menu\    Program launcher directory structure
      Programs\    Program launcher links (.LNK files) to programs
  Program Files\   Application binaries (.EXE and .DLL files)
</programlisting>
      </sect2>

      <sect2 id="config-drive-sections">
        <title>The dosdevices Directory</title>
        <para>
          The <filename>dosdevices</filename> directory contains the entries
          that tell Wine how to map Windows disc drive letters onto Unix file
          system nodes, and how to map Windows serial and parallel ports onto
          Unix devices. It is located in the <filename>.wine</filename>
          sub-directory of your home directory,
          i.e. <filename>~/.wine/dosdevices</filename>.
        </para>
        <para>
          The entries in the <filename>dosdevices</filename> directory are
          symbolic links to Unix file system nodes and devices. You can
          create them by using the <command>ln</command> command in a Unix
          terminal. Alternatively, many File Managers have the capability of
          creating symbolic links.
        </para>
        <para>
          For example, if you have decided to map your Windows
          <filename>C:</filename> drive onto
          <filename>/usr/share/wine-c</filename>, you could type the
          following (after changing to your <filename>dosdevices</filename>
          directory):
          <programlisting>
ln -s /usr/share/wine-c c:
          </programlisting>
        </para>
        <para>
          Replaceable media are a little more complicated. In addition to
          creating a link for the file system on the medium, for example:
          <programlisting>
ln -s /mnt/floppy a:
          </programlisting>
          you also need to create a link for the device itself. Notice that
          this has a double colon after the drive letter:
          <programlisting>
ln -s /dev/fd0 a::
          </programlisting>          
        </para>
        <para>
          For serial and parallel ports, you simply create a link to
          the device; notice that no colon is required after the Windows
          device name:
          <programlisting>
ln -s /dev/ttyS0 com1
ln -s /dev/lp0 lpt1
          </programlisting>
        </para>
        <para>
          Windows shares can are mapped into the <filename>unc/</filename>
          directory so anything trying to access
          <filename>\\machinename\some\dir\and\file</filename> will look in
          <filename>~/.wine/dosdevices/unc/machinename/some/dir/and/file</filename>. 
          For example, if you used Samba to mount
          <filename>\\machinename\some</filename> on
          <filename>/mnt/smb/machinename/some</filename> then you can do

          <programlisting>
            ln -s /mnt/smb/machinename/some unc/machinename/some
          </programlisting>

          to make it available in wine (don't forget to create the unc
          directory if it doesn't alrady exist).
         </para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2>
          <title>File system settings in the [wine] section</title>
        <para>
          <programlisting>"Windows" = "c:\\windows"</programlisting>
          This tells Wine and Windows programs where the
          <filename>Windows</filename> directory is.  It is
          recommended to have this directory somewhere on your
          configured <medialabel>C</medialabel> drive, and it's also
          recommended to just call the directory "windows" (this is
          the default setup on Windows, and some stupid programs
          might rely on this).  So in case you chose a "Windows"
          setting of "c:\\windows" and you chose to set up a drive C
          e.g. at <filename>/usr/local/wine_c</filename>, the
          corresponding directory would be
          <filename>/usr/local/wine_c/windows</filename>.  Make one
          if you don't already have one. <emphasis>No trailing slash</emphasis> (<emphasis>not</emphasis>
          <filename>C:\\windows\</filename>)! Write access strongly
          recommended, as Windows programs always assume write access
            to the Windows directory!
        </para>
        <para>
          <programlisting>"System" = "c:\\windows\\system"</programlisting>
          This sets up where the windows system files are. The Windows
            system directory should reside below the directory used for the
          <literal>Windows</literal> setting.
            Thus when using the example above, the system directory would be
            <filename>/usr/local/wine_c/windows/system</filename>.
          Again, no trailing slash, and write access!
        </para>
        <para>
          <programlisting>"Temp" = "c:\\temp"</programlisting> This should
          be the directory you want your temp files stored in,
            /usr/local/wine_c/temp in our example.
          Again, no trailing slash, and <emphasis>write
            access</emphasis>!!
        </para>
        <para>
          <programlisting>"Path" = "c:\\windows;c:\\windows\\system;c:\\blanco"</programlisting>
          Behaves like the <envar>PATH</envar> setting on UNIX
          boxes. When wine is run like <userinput>wine
            sol.exe</userinput>, if <filename>sol.exe</filename>
          resides in a directory specified in the
          <literal>Path</literal> setting, wine will run it (Of
          course, if <filename>sol.exe</filename> resides in the
          current directory, wine will run that one). Make sure it
          always has your <filename>windows</filename> directory and
          system directory (For this setup, it must have
          <filename>"c:\\windows;c:\\windows\\system"</filename>).
        </para>
        <para id="dirsymlinks">
          <programlisting>"ShowDirSymlinks" = "1"</programlisting>
          Wine doesn't pass directory symlinks to Windows programs by
          default, as doing so may crash some programs that do
          recursive lookups of whole subdirectory trees
          whenever a directory symlink points back to itself or one of its
          parent directories.
          That's why we disallowed the use of directory symlinks
          and added this setting to reenable ("1") this functionality.
          If you <emphasis>really</emphasis> need Wine to take into
          account symlinked directories, then reenable it, but
          <emphasis>be prepared for crashes</emphasis> in certain
          Windows programs when using the above method! (in other words:
          enabling it is certainly not recommended)
        </para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2>
        <title>More detailed explanation about file system differences</title>
        <para>
          Windows uses a different (and inferior) way than Unix to describe the
          location of files in a computer. Thus Windows programs also expect
          to find this different way supported by the system.
          Since we intend to run Windows programs on
          a Unix system, we're in trouble, as we need to translate
          between these different file access techniques.
        </para>
        <para>
          Windows uses drive letters to describe drives or
          any other form of storage media and to access files on them.
          For example, common drive names are
          <filename>C:</filename> for the main Windows system partition
          on the first harddisk and <filename>A:</filename> for the
          first floppy drive.
          Also, Windows uses <filename>\</filename> (backslash) as the
          directory separator sign, whereas Unix uses
          <filename>/</filename> (slash).
          Thus, an example document on the first data partition in
          Windows might be accessed by the name of
          <filename>D:\mywork\mydocument.txt</filename>.
        </para>
        <para>
          So much for the Windows way of doing things.
        </para>
        <para>
          Well, the problem is, in Unix there is no such thing as
          <quote>drive letters</quote>. Instead, Unix chose to go the
          much better way of having one single uniform directory tree
          (starting with the root directory
          <filename>/</filename>), which has various storage devices
          such as e.g. harddisk partitions appended at various directory
          locations within the tree (an example would be
          <filename>/data1/mywork</filename>, which is the first data
          partition mounted/attached to a directory called data1 in the
          root directory <filename>/</filename>; mywork is a sub
          directory of the data partition file system that's mounted
          under <filename>/data1</filename>).
          In Unix, the Windows example document mentioned above could e.g.
          be accessed by the name of
          <filename>/data1/mywork/mydocument.txt</filename>,
          provided that the administrator decided to mount (attach) the first
          data partition at the directory /data1 inside the Unix
          directory tree. Note that in Unix, the administrator can
          <emphasis>choose</emphasis> any custom partition location he
          wants (here, <filename>/data1</filename>), whereas in Windows the system
          <emphasis>selects</emphasis> any drive letter it deems
          suitable for the first data partition (here,
          <filename>D:</filename>), and, even worse, if there is some
          change in partition order, Windows automatically
          <emphasis>changes</emphasis> the drive letter, and you might
          suddenly find yourself with a first data partition at drive
          letter <filename>E:</filename>, with all the file naming and
          referencing confusion that entails. Thus, the Windows way of
          using ever-changing drive letters is <emphasis>clearly
          inferior</emphasis> to the Unix way of assigning
          <emphasis>fixed</emphasis> directory tree locations for every
          data storage medium.
          As we'll see soon, fortunately this Windows limitation of
          changing drive letters doesn't affect us in Wine at all, since
          we can properly map <emphasis>never-changing</emphasis> drive letters to <emphasis>fixed</emphasis> locations inside the Unix directory tree (and even if the location of the respective Unix directory changes, we can still simply update the Wine drive mapping to reflect the updated location and at the same time keep the original drive letter).
        </para>
        <para>
          OK, now that we know some theory about Windows and Unix drive
          and filename mapping, it's probably time to ask how Wine
          achieves the magic of mapping a Unix directory location to a
          Windows drive...
        </para>
        <para>
          Wine chose to do the following:
          In Wine, you don't assign some real physical storage medium
          (such as a harddisk partition or similar) to each drive letter
          mapping entry.
          Instead, you choose certain sub directory trees inside the Unix
          directory tree (that starts with <filename>/</filename>) that
          you would like to assign a drive letter to.
        </para>
        <para>
          Note that for every Unix sub directory tree that you intend to
          start Windows programs in, it is <emphasis>absolutely
          required</emphasis> to have a Wine drive mapping entry:
        </para>
        <para>
          For example, if you had a publicly writable <quote>Windows
          directory space</quote> under <filename>/usr/mywine</filename>, then in order to be
          able to access this sub directory tree from Wine, you should
          have a drive mapping entry that maps a certain drive letter
          (for example, let's take drive letter <filename>P:</filename>)
          either to <filename>/usr/mywine</filename> or <filename>/usr</filename> (to also access any directories belonging to the parent directory) or <filename>/</filename> (to also access any directory whatsoever on this system by this drive letter mapping). The DOS drive/directory location to access files in <filename>/usr/mywine</filename> <emphasis>in Wine</emphasis> in these configuration cases would then be <filename>P:\</filename> or <filename>P:\mywine</filename> or <filename>P:\usr\mywine</filename>, respectively.
        </para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2 id="config-no-windows">
        <title>Installing Wine Without Windows</title>

        <para>
          A major goal of Wine is to allow users to run Windows programs
          without having to install Windows on their machine. Wine
          implements the functionality of the main DLLs usually
          provided with Windows. Therefore, once Wine is finished, you
          will not need to have Windows installed to use Wine.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wine has already made enough progress that it may be possible
          to run your target programs without Windows installed. If
          you want to try it, follow these steps:
        </para>

        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Make a symbolic link in <filename>~/.wine/dosdevices</filename>
              to the directory where you want
              <filename>C:</filename> to be. Refer to the wine man page
              for more information. The directory to be used for emulating
              a <filename>C:</filename> drive will be
              the base directory for some Windows specific directories
              created below.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
            Within the directory to be used for C:, create empty
            <filename>windows</filename>,
              <filename>windows/system</filename>,
              <filename>windows/Start Menu</filename>, and
              <filename>windows/Start Menu/Programs</filename>
              directories. Do not point Wine to a
              <filename>Windows</filename> directory full of old
              installations and a messy registry. (Wine creates a
              special registry in your <filename >home</filename>
              directory, in <filename>$HOME/.wine/*.reg</filename>.
              Perhaps you have to remove these files).
            In one line:
            mkdir -p windows windows/system windows/Start\ Menu windows/Start\ Menu/Programs
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Run and/or install your programs.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>

        <para>
          Because Wine is not yet complete, some programs will work
          better with native Windows DLLs than with Wine's
          replacements. Wine has been designed to make this possible.
          Here are some tips by Juergen Schmied (and others) on how to
          proceed. This assumes that your
          <filename>C:\windows</filename> directory in the configuration
          file does not point to a native Windows installation but is in
          a separate Unix file system. (For instance, <quote>C:\windows</quote> is
          really subdirectory <quote>windows</quote> located in
          <quote>/home/ego/wine/drives/c</quote>).
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Run the program with <parameter>WINEDEBUG=+loaddll</parameter>
              to find out which files are
              needed. Copy the required DLLs one by one to the
              <filename>C:\windows\system</filename> directory. Do not
              copy KERNEL/KERNEL32, GDI/GDI32, USER/USER32 or NTDLL. These
              implement the core functionality of the Windows API, and
              the Wine internal versions must be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Edit the <quote>[DllOverrides]</quote> section of
              <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> to specify
              <quote>native</quote> before <quote>builtin</quote> for
              the Windows DLLs you want to use. For more information
              about this, see the Wine manpage.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Note that some network DLLs are not needed even though
              Wine is looking for them. The Windows
              <filename>MPR.DLL</filename> currently does not work; you
              must use the internal implementation.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Copy SHELL.DLL/SHELL32.DLL, COMMDLG.DLL/COMDLG32.DLL
              and COMMCTRL.DLL/COMCTL32.DLL
              only as pairs to your Wine directory (these DLLs are
              <quote>clean</quote> to use).  Make sure you have these
              specified in the <quote>[DllPairs]</quote> section of
              <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Be consistent: Use only DLLs from the same Windows version
              together.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Put <filename>regedit.exe</filename> in the
              <filename>C:\windows</filename> directory.
              (<application>Office 95</application> imports a
              <filename>*.reg</filename> file when it runs with an empty
              registry, don't know about
              <application>Office 97</application>).
              As of now, it might not be necessary any more to use
              regedit.exe, since Wine has its own regedit Winelib
              application now.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Also add <filename>winhelp.exe</filename> and
              <filename>winhlp32.exe</filename> if you want to be able
              to browse through your programs' help function
            (or in case Wine's winhelp implementation in programs/winhelp/
            is not good enough, for example).
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </sect2>

      <sect2 id="config-with-windows">
        <title>Installing Wine Using An Existing Windows Partition As Base</title>
        <para>
          Some people intend to use the data of an existing Windows partition
        with Wine in order to gain some better compatibility or to run already
        installed programs in a setup as original as possible.
        Note that many Windows programs assume that they have full write
        access to all windows directories.

        This means that you either have to configure the Windows
        partition mount point for write permission by your Wine user
        (see <link linkend="config-drive-vfat">Dealing with FAT/VFAT partitions</link>
        on how to do that), or you'll have to copy over (some parts of) the Windows
        partition content to a directory of a Unix partition and make
        sure this directory structure is writable by your user.
        We <emphasis>HIGHLY DISCOURAGE</emphasis> people from directly using a Windows partition with
        write access as a base for Wine!! (some programs, notably
        Explorer, corrupt large parts of the Windows partition in case
        of an incorrect setup; you've been warned).
        Not to mention that NTFS write support in Linux is still very
        experimental and <emphasis>dangerous</emphasis> (in case you're using an NT-based
        Windows version using the NTFS file system).
        Thus we advise you to go the Unix directory way.
        </para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2 id="config-drive-vfat">
        <title>Dealing With FAT/VFAT Partitions</title>
        <para>
          This document describes how FAT and
          VFAT file system permissions work in Linux
          with a focus on configuring them for Wine.
        </para>

        <sect3>
          <title>Introduction</title>
          <para>
            Linux is able to access DOS and Windows file systems using
            either the FAT (older 8.3 DOS filesystems) or VFAT (newer
            Windows 95 or later long filename filesystems) modules.
            Mounted FAT or VFAT filesystems provide the primary means
            for which existing programs and their data are accessed
            through Wine for dual boot (Linux + Windows) systems.
          </para>
          <para>
            Wine maps mounted FAT file systems, such as
            <filename>/c</filename>, to drive letters, such as
            <quote>c:</quote>, by means of symbolic links in the
            <link linkend="config-drive-sections"><filename>dosdevices</filename></link>
            directory. Thus, in your dosdevices directory, you could type
            the command:
          <programlisting>
ln -s /c c:
          </programlisting>
          </para>
          <para>
            Although VFAT filesystems are preferable to FAT filesystems
            for their long filename support, the term <quote>FAT</quote>
            will be used throughout the remainder of this document to
            refer to FAT filesystems and their derivatives. Also,
            <quote>/c</quote> will be used as the FAT mount point in
            examples throughout this document.
          </para>
          <para>
            Most modern Linux distributions either detect or allow
            existing FAT file systems to be configured so that they can be
            mounted, in a location such as <filename>/c</filename>,
            either persistently (on bootup) or on an as needed basis. In
            either case, by default, the permissions will probably be
            configured so that they look like:
          </para>
  <screen>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /c</userinput>
  <prompt>/c></prompt><userinput>ls -l</userinput>
  <computeroutput>-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root           91 Oct 10 17:58 autoexec.bat
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          245 Oct 10 17:58 config.sys
  drwxr-xr-x  41 root     root        16384 Dec 30  1998 windows</computeroutput>
  </screen>
          <para>
            where all the files are owned by "root", are in the "root"
            group and are only writable by "root"
            (<literal>755</literal> permissions). This is restrictive in
            that it requires that Wine be run as root in order for
            programs to be able to write to any part of the
            filesystem.
          </para>
          <para>
            There are three major approaches to overcoming the restrictive
            permissions mentioned in the previous paragraph:
          </para>
          <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Run <application>Wine</application> as root
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Mount the FAT filesystem with less restrictive
                permissions
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Shadow the FAT filesystem by completely or partially
                copying it
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
          <para>
            Each approach will be discussed in the following sections.
          </para>
        </sect3>

        <sect3>
          <title>Running Wine as root</title>
          <para>
            Running Wine as root is the easiest and most thorough way of giving
            programs that Wine runs unrestricted access to FAT files systems.
            Running wine as root also allows programs to do things unrelated
            to FAT filesystems, such as listening to ports that are less than
            1024.  Running Wine as root is dangerous since there is no limit to
            what the program can do to the system, so it's <emphasis>HIGHLY DISCOURAGED</emphasis>.
          </para>
        </sect3>

        <sect3>
          <title>Mounting FAT filesystems</title>
          <para>
            The FAT filesystem can be mounted with permissions less restrictive
            than the default.  This can be done by either changing the user that
            mounts the FAT filesystem or by explicitly changing the permissions
            that the FAT filesystem is mounted with.  The permissions are
            inherited from the process that mounts the FAT filesystem.  Since the
            process that mounts the FAT filesystem is usually a startup script
            running as root the FAT filesystem inherits root's permissions.  This
            results in the files on the FAT filesystem having permissions similar
            to files created by root.  For example:
          </para>
  <screen>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>whoami</userinput>
  <computeroutput>root</computeroutput>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>touch root_file</userinput>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>ls -l root_file</userinput>
  <computeroutput></computeroutput>-rw-r--r--   1 root     root            0 Dec 10 00:20 root_file
  </screen>
          <para>
            which matches the owner, group and permissions of files seen
            on the FAT filesystem except for the missing 'x's.  The
            permissions on the FAT filesystem can be changed by changing
            root's umask (unset permissions bits).  For example:
          </para>
  <screen>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umount /c</userinput>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umask</userinput>
  <computeroutput>022</computeroutput>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umask 073</userinput>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>mount /c</userinput>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /c</userinput>
  <prompt>/c></prompt><userinput>ls -l</userinput>
  <computeroutput>-rwx---r--   1 root     root           91 Oct 10 17:58 autoexec.bat
  -rwx---r--   1 root     root          245 Oct 10 17:58 config.sys
  drwx---r--  41 root     root        16384 Dec 30  1998 windows</computeroutput>
  </screen>
          <para>
            Mounting the FAT filesystem with a umask of
            <literal>000</literal> gives all users complete control over
            it. Explicitly specifying the permissions of the FAT
            filesystem when it is mounted provides additional control.
            There are three mount options that are relevant to FAT
            permissions: <literal>uid</literal>, <literal>gid</literal>
            and <literal>umask</literal>.  They can each be specified
            when the filesystem is manually mounted.  For example:
          </para>
  <screen>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>umount /c</userinput>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>mount -o uid=500 -o gid=500 -o umask=002 /c</userinput>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /c</userinput>
  <prompt>/c></prompt><userinput>ls -l</userinput>
  <computeroutput>-rwxrwxr-x   1 sle      sle            91 Oct 10 17:58 autoexec.bat
  -rwxrwxr-x   1 sle      sle           245 Oct 10 17:58 config.sys
  drwxrwxr-x  41 sle      sle         16384 Dec 30  1998 windows</computeroutput>
  </screen>
          <para>
            which gives "sle" complete control over
            <filename>/c</filename>.  The options listed above can be
            made permanent by adding them to the
            <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file:
          </para>
  <screen>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>grep /c /etc/fstab</userinput>
  <computeroutput>/dev/hda1  /c  vfat  uid=500,gid=500,umask=002,exec,dev,suid,rw 1 1</computeroutput>
  </screen>
          <para>
            Note that the umask of <literal>002</literal> is common in
            the user private group file permission scheme.  On FAT file
            systems this umask assures that all files are fully
            accessible by all users in the specified user group
            (<literal>gid</literal>).
          </para>
        </sect3>

        <sect3>
          <title>Shadowing FAT filesystems</title>
          <para>
            Shadowing provides a finer granularity of control.  Parts of
            the original FAT filesystem can be copied so that the
            program can safely work with those copied parts while
            the program continues to directly read the remaining
            parts.  This is done with symbolic links. For example,
            consider a system where a program named
            <application>AnApp</application> must be able to read and
            write to the <filename>c:\windows</filename> and
            <filename>c:\AnApp</filename> directories as well as have
            read access to the entire FAT filesystem.  On this system
            the FAT filesystem has default permissions which should not
            be changed for security reasons or can not be changed due to
            lack of root access.  On this system a shadow directory
            might be set up in the following manner:
          </para>
  <screen>
  <prompt>~></prompt><userinput>cd /</userinput>
  <prompt>/></prompt><userinput>mkdir c_shadow</userinput>
  <prompt>/></prompt><userinput>cd c_shadow</userinput>
  <prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>ln -s /c_/* .</userinput>
  <prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>rm windows AnApp</userinput>
  <prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>cp -R /c_/{windows,AnApp} .</userinput>
  <prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>chmod -R 777 windows AnApp</userinput>
  <prompt>/c_shadow></prompt><userinput>perl -p -i -e 's|/c$|/c_shadow|g' ~/.wine/config</userinput>
  </screen>
          <para>
          The above gives everyone complete read and write access to
          the <filename>windows</filename> and
          <filename>AnApp</filename> directories while only root has
          write access to all other directories.
          </para>
        </sect3>
      </sect2>

      <sect2 id="config-drive-cdrom-labels">

      <title>Drive labels and serial numbers</title>
      <para>
        Wine can read drive volume labels and serial numbers directly
        from the device. This may be useful for many Win 9x games or
        for setup programs distributed on CD-ROMs that check for
        volume label.
      </para>

      <sect3>
        <title>What's Supported?</title>

        <informaltable frame="all">
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <thead>
        <row>
          <entry>File System</entry>
          <entry>Types</entry>
          <entry>Comment</entry>
        </row>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
        <row>
          <entry>FAT systems</entry>
          <entry>hd, floppy</entry>
          <entry>reads labels and serial numbers</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>ISO9660</entry>
          <entry>cdrom</entry>
          <entry>reads labels and serial numbers (not mixed-mode CDs yet!)</entry>
        </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>

      </sect3>

      <sect3>
        <title>How To Set Up?</title>
        <para>
          Reading labels and serial numbers just works automatically
          if you specify the correct symbolic links for the devices
          (with double colons after the drive letters) in your
          <link linkend="config-drive-sections"><filename>dosdevices</filename></link>
          directory.
          Note that the device has to exist and must be accessible by the user
          running Wine if you do this, though.
        </para>
        <para>
          If you don't want to read labels and serial numbers directly from
          the device, you can create files at the root of the drive
          named <filename>.windows-label</filename> and
          <filename>.windows-serial</filename> respectively. These are
          simple ASCII files that you can create with any text editor;
          the label can be set to any string you like, the serial
          number should be expressed as an hexadecimal number.
        </para>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
        <title>Examples</title>
        <para>
          Here's a simple example of CD-ROM and floppy:
        </para>
        <programlisting>
cd ~/.wine/dosdevices

ln -s /mnt/floppy a:
ln -s /dev/fd0 a::

ln -s /mnt/cdrom r:
ln -s /dev/hda1 r::
        </programlisting>
      </sect3>

      <sect3>
        <title>Todo / Open Issues</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem> <para>
        The CD-ROM label can be read only if the data track of
        the disk resides in the first track and the cdrom is
        iso9660.
            </para> </listitem>
          <listitem> <para>
        Support for labels/serial nums WRITING.
            </para> </listitem>
          <listitem> <para>
        What about reading ext2 volume label? ....
            </para> </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>

  &registry;

<sect1 id="config-dll">
<title>DLL configuration</title>

<sect2>
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
  If your programs don't work as expected, then it's often because one
  DLL or another is failing. This can often be resolved by changing
  certain DLLs from Wine built-in to native Windows DLL file and vice
  versa.
</para>
<para>
  A very useful help to find out which DLLs are loaded as built-in and
  which are loaded as native Windows file can be the debug channel
  loaddll, activated via the environment variable
  <command>WINEDEBUG=+loaddll</command>.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2>
<!-- FIXME intro!!! -->
<title>Introduction To DLL Sections</title>
<para>
  There are a few things you will need to know before
  configuring the DLL sections in your wine configuration
  file.
</para>
<sect3>
  <title>Windows DLL Pairs</title>
  <para>
    Most windows DLL's have a win16 (Windows 3.x) and win32
    (Windows 9x/NT) form.  The combination of the win16 and
    win32 DLL versions are called the "DLL pair". This is a
    list of the most common pairs:
  </para>

  <informaltable>
    <tgroup cols="3">
      <thead>
        <row>
          <entry>Win16</entry>
          <entry>Win32</entry>
          <entry>
            Native
            <footnote>
              <para>
                Is it possible to use native DLL with wine?
                (See next section)
              </para>
            </footnote>
          </entry>
        </row>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <row>
          <entry>KERNEL</entry>
          <entry>KERNEL32</entry>
          <entry>No!</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>USER</entry>
          <entry>USER32</entry>
          <entry>No!</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>SHELL</entry>
          <entry>SHELL32</entry>
          <entry>Yes</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>GDI</entry>
          <entry>GDI32</entry>
          <entry>No!</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>COMMDLG</entry>
          <entry>COMDLG32</entry>
          <entry>Yes</entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>VER</entry>
          <entry>VERSION</entry>
          <entry>Yes</entry>
        </row>
      </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </informaltable>
</sect3>

<sect3>
  <title>Different Forms Of DLL's</title>
  <para>
    There are a few different forms of DLL's wine can load:
    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>native</term>
        <listitem><para>
            The DLL's that are included with windows. Many
            windows DLL's can be loaded in their native
            form. Many times these native versions work
            better than their non-Microsoft equivalent --
            other times they don't.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>builtin</term>
        <listitem><para>
            The most common form of DLL loading. This is
            what you will use if the DLL is too system-specific
              or error-prone in native form (KERNEL for example),
              you don't have the native DLL, or you just want to be
            Microsoft-free.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>so</term>
        <listitem><para>
            Native ELF libraries. Has became obsolete, ignored.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>elfdll</term>
        <listitem><para>
            ELF encapsulated windows DLL's.
              No longer used, ignored.
          </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </para>
</sect3>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="config-dll-overrides">
<title>DLL Overrides</title>

<para>
  The wine configuration file directives [DllDefaults]
  and [DllOverrides] are the subject of some confusion. The
  overall purpose of most of these directives are clear enough,
  though - given a choice, should Wine use its own built-in
  DLLs, or should it use <filename>.DLL</filename> files found
  in an existing Windows installation? This document explains
  how this feature works.
</para>

<sect3>
  <title>DLL types</title>
  <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>native</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          A "native" DLL is a <filename>.DLL</filename> file
          written for the real Microsoft Windows.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>builtin</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          A "built-in" DLL is a Wine DLL. These can either be a
          part of <filename>libwine.so</filename>, or more
          recently, in a special <filename>.so</filename> file
          that Wine is able to load on demand.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>
</sect3>

<sect3>
  <title>The [DllDefaults] section</title>
  <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>DefaultLoadOrder</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          This specifies in what order Wine should search for
          available DLL types, if the DLL in question was not
          found in the [DllOverrides] section.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>
</sect3>

<sect3>
  <title>The [DllPairs] section</title>
  <para>
    At one time, there was a section called [DllPairs] in the
    default configuration file, but this has been obsoleted
    because the pairing information has now been embedded into
    Wine itself. (The purpose of this section was merely to be
    able to issue warnings if the user attempted to pair
    codependent 16-bit/32-bit DLLs of different types.) If you
    still have this in your <filename>~/.wine/config</filename> or
    <filename>wine.conf</filename>, you may safely delete it.
  </para>
</sect3>

<sect3>
  <title>The [DllOverrides] section</title>
  <para>
    This section specifies how you want specific DLLs to be
    handled, in particular whether you want to use "native" DLLs
    or not, if you have some from a real Windows configuration.
    Because built-ins do not mix seamlessly with native DLLs yet,
    certain DLL dependencies may be problematic, but workarounds
    exist in Wine for many popular DLL configurations. Also see
    WWN's [16]Status Page to figure out how well your favorite
    DLL is implemented in Wine.
  </para>
  <para>
    It is of course also possible to override these settings by
    explicitly using Wine's <parameter>--dll</parameter>
    command-line option (see the man page for details).  Some
    hints for choosing your optimal configuration (listed by
    16/32-bit DLL pair):
  </para>
  <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>krnl386, kernel32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Native versions of these will never work, so don't try. Leave
          at <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>gdi, gdi32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Graphics Device Interface. No effort has been made at trying to
          run native GDI. Leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>user, user32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Window management and standard controls. It was
          possible to use Win95's <literal>native</literal>
          versions at some point (if all other DLLs that depend
          on it, such as comctl32 and comdlg32, were also run
          <literal>native</literal>). However, this is no longer
          possible after the Address Space Separation, so leave
          at <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>ntdll</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          NT kernel API. Although badly documented, the
          <literal>native</literal> version of this will never
          work. Leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>w32skrnl</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Win32s (for Win3.x). The <literal>native</literal>
          version will probably never work. Leave at
          <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>wow32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Win16 support library for NT. The
          <literal>native</literal> version will probably never
          work. Leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>system</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Win16 kernel stuff. Will never work
          <literal>native</literal>. Leave at
          <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>display</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Display driver. Definitely leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>toolhelp</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Tool helper routines. This is rarely a source of problems.
          Leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>ver, version</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Versioning. Seldom useful to mess with.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>advapi32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Registry and security features. Trying the
          <literal>native</literal> version of this may or may
          not work.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>commdlg, comdlg32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Common Dialogs, such as color picker, font dialog,
          print dialog, open/save dialog, etc. It is safe to try
          <literal>native</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>commctrl, comctl32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Common Controls. This is toolbars, status bars, list controls,
          the works. It is safe to try <literal>native</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>shell, shell32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Shell interface (desktop, filesystem, etc). Being one of the
          most undocumented pieces of Windows, you may have luck with the
          <literal>native</literal> version, should you need it.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>winsock, wsock32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Windows Sockets. The <literal>native</literal> version
          will not work under Wine, so leave at
          <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>icmp</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          ICMP routines for wsock32. As with wsock32, leave at
          <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>mpr</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          The <literal>native</literal> version may not work due
          to thunking issues. Leave at
          <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>lzexpand, lz32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Lempel-Ziv decompression. Wine's
          <literal>builtin</literal> version ought to work fine.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>winaspi, wnaspi32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface. The
          <literal>native</literal> version will probably never
          work. Leave at <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>crtdll</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          C Runtime library. The <literal>native</literal>
          version will easily work better than Wine's on this
          one.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>winspool.drv</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Printer spooler. You are not likely to have more luck
          with the <literal>native</literal> version.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>ddraw</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          DirectDraw/Direct3D. Since Wine does not implement the
          DirectX HAL, the <literal>native</literal> version
          will not work at this time.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>dinput</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          DirectInput. Running this <literal>native</literal>
          may or may not work.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>dsound</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          DirectSound. It may be possible to run this
          <literal>native</literal>, but don't count on it.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>dplay/dplayx</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          DirectPlay. The <literal>native</literal> version
          ought to work best on this, if at all.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>mmsystem, winmm</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Multimedia system. The <literal>native</literal>
          version is not likely to work. Leave at
          <literal>builtin</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>msacm, msacm32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Audio Compression Manager. The
          <literal>builtin</literal> version works best, if you
          set msacm.drv to the same.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>msvideo, msvfw32</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Video for Windows. It is safe (and recommended) to try
          <literal>native</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>mcicda.drv</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          CD Audio MCI driver.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>mciseq.drv</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          MIDI Sequencer MCI driver (<filename>.MID</filename>
          playback).
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>mciwave.drv</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Wave audio MCI driver (<filename>.WAV</filename> playback).
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>mciavi.drv</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          AVI MCI driver (<filename>.AVI</filename> video
          playback). Best to use <literal>native</literal>.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>mcianim.drv</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Animation MCI driver.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>msacm.drv</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          Audio Compression Manager. Set to same as msacm32.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>midimap.drv</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          MIDI Mapper.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>wprocs</term>
      <listitem> <para>
          This is a pseudo-DLL used by Wine for thunking
          purposes. A <literal>native</literal> version of this
          doesn't exist.
        </para> </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>
</sect3>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="config-system-dlls">
<title>System DLLs</title>
<para>
  The Wine team has determined that it is necessary to create
  fake DLL files to trick many programs that check for
  file existence to determine whether a particular feature
  (such as Winsock and its TCP/IP networking) is available. If
  this is a problem for you, you can create empty files in the
  configured <filename>c:\windows\system</filename> directory
  to make the program think it's there, and Wine's built-in DLL
  will be loaded when the program actually asks for it.
  (Unfortunately, <filename>tools/wineinstall</filename> does
  not create such empty files itself.)
</para>
<para>
  Applications sometimes also try to inspect the version
  resources from the physical files (for example, to determine
  the DirectX version). Empty files will not do in this case,
  it is rather necessary to install files with complete
  version resources. This problem is currently being worked
  on. In the meantime, you may still need to grab some real
  DLL files to fool these apps with.
</para>
<para>
  And there are of course DLLs that wine does not currently
  implement very well (or at all). If you do not have a real
  Windows you can steal necessary DLLs from, you can always
  get some from one of the Windows DLL archive sites
  that can be found via internet search engine.
  Please make sure to obey any licenses on the DLLs you fetch...
  (some are redistributable, some aren't).
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="config-dll-missing">
<title>Missing DLLs</title>

<para>
  In case Wine complains about a missing DLL, you should check whether
  this file is a publicly available DLL or a custom DLL belonging
  to your program (by searching for its name on the internet).
  If you managed to get hold of the DLL, then you should make sure
  that Wine is able to find and load it.
  DLLs usually get loaded according to the mechanism of the
  SearchPath() function.
  This function searches directories in the following order:

  <orderedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        The directory the program was started from.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        The current directory.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        The Windows system directory.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        The Windows directory.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        The PATH variable directories.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </orderedlist>

  In short: either put the required DLL into your program
  directory (might be ugly), or usually put it into the Windows system
  directory. Just find out its directory by having a look at the Wine
  configuration file variable "System" (which indicates the location of the
  Windows system directory) and the associated drive entry.
  Note that you probably shouldn't use NT-based native DLLs,
  since Wine's NT API support is somewhat weaker than its Win9x
  API support (thus leading to even worse compatibility with NT DLLs
  than with a no-windows setup!), so better use Win9x native DLLs
  instead or no native DLLs at all.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="config-dll-windows">
<title>Fetching native DLLs from a Windows CD</title>

<para>
The Linux <command>cabextract</command> utility can be used to
extract native Windows .dll files from .cab files that are to be
found on many Windows installation CDs.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="config-graphics-driver">
<title>Configuring the graphics driver (x11drv, ttydrv etc.)</title>

<para>
Wine currently supports several different display subsystems
(graphics / text) that are available on various operating
systems today.
For each of these, Wine implements its own interfacing driver.
This section explains how to select one of these drivers
and how to further configure the respective driver.
Once you're finished with that, you can consider your Wine installation
to be finished.
</para>

<para>
The display drivers currently implemented in Wine are:
x11drv, which is used for interfacing to X11 graphics
(the one you'll most likely want to use) and ttydrv
(used for text mode console apps mainly that don't really need
any graphics output).
Once you have decided which display driver to use, it is chosen
with the <literal>GraphicsDriver</literal> option in the
[wine] section of <filename>~/.wine/config</filename>.
</para>

<sect2>
<title>Configuring the x11drv graphics driver</title>

<sect3>
  <title>x11drv modes of operation</title>

  <para>
    The x11drv driver consists of two conceptually distinct
    pieces, the graphics driver (GDI part), and the windowing
    driver (USER part). Both of these are linked into the
    <filename>libx11drv.so</filename> module, though (which you
    load with the <literal>GraphicsDriver</literal> option). In
    Wine, running on X11, the graphics driver must draw on
    drawables (window interiors) provided by the windowing
    driver. This differs a bit from the Windows model, where the
    windowing system creates and configures device contexts
    controlled by the graphics driver, and programs are
    allowed to hook into this relationship anywhere they like.
    Thus, to provide any reasonable tradeoff between
    compatibility and usability, the x11drv has three different
    modes of operation.
  </para>

  <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>Managed</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          The default. Specified by using the <literal>Managed</literal>
          wine configuration file option (see below).
          Ordinary top-level frame windows with thick borders,
          title bars, and system menus will be managed by your
          window manager. This lets these programs integrate
          better with the rest of your desktop, but may not
          always work perfectly (a rewrite of this mode of
          operation, to make it more robust and less patchy, is
          currently being done, though, and it's planned to be
          finished before the Wine 1.0 release).
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>Unmanaged / Normal</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Window manager independent (any running
          window manager is ignored completely). Window
          decorations (title bars, borders, etc) are drawn by
          Wine to look and feel like the real Windows. This is
          compatible with programs that depend on being able
          to compute the exact sizes of any such decorations, or
          that want to draw their own.
          Unmanaged mode is only used if both Managed and Desktop
          are set to disabled.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>Desktop-in-a-Box</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Specified by using the <literal>Desktop</literal>
        wine configuration file option (see below).
          (adding a geometry, e.g. <literal>800x600</literal>
        for a such-sized desktop, or
          even <literal>800x600+0+0</literal> to
          automatically position the desktop at the upper-left
          corner of the display). This is the mode most
          compatible with the Windows model. All program
          windows will just be Wine-drawn windows inside the
          Wine-provided desktop window (which will itself be
          managed by your window manager), and Windows
          programs can roam freely within this virtual
          workspace and think they own it all, without
          disturbing your other X apps.
        Note: currently there's one desktop window for every
        program; this will be fixed at some time.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>
</sect3>

<sect3>
  <title>The [x11drv] section</title>

  <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>Managed</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Wine can let frame windows be managed by your window
          manager. This option specifies whether you want that
          by default.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>Desktop</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Creates a main desktop window of a specified size
        to display all Windows programs in.
        The size argument could e.g. be "800x600".
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>DXGrab</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          If you don't use DGA, you may want an alternative
          means to convince the mouse cursor to stay within the
          game window. This option does that. Of course, as with
          DGA, if Wine crashes, you're in trouble (although not
          as badly as in the DGA case, since you can still use
          the keyboard to get out of X).
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>UseDGA</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          This specifies whether you want DirectDraw to use
          XFree86's <firstterm>Direct Graphics
            Architecture</firstterm> (DGA), which is able to
          take over the entire display and run the game
          full-screen at maximum speed. (With DGA1 (XFree86
          3.x), you still have to configure the X server to the
          game's requested bpp first, but with DGA2 (XFree86
          4.x), runtime depth-switching may be possible,
          depending on your driver's capabilities.) But be aware
          that if Wine crashes while in DGA mode, it may not be
          possible to regain control over your computer without
          rebooting. DGA normally requires either root
          privileges or read/write access to
          <filename>/dev/mem</filename>.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>DesktopDoubleBuffered</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Applies only if you use the
          <parameter>--desktop</parameter> command-line option
          to run in a desktop window. Specifies whether to
          create the desktop window with a double-buffered
          visual, something most OpenGL games need to run
          correctly.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>AllocSystemColors</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Applies only if you have a palette-based display, i.e.
          if your X server is set to a depth of 8bpp, and if you
          haven't requested a private color map. It specifies
          the maximum number of shared colormap cells (palette
          entries) Wine should occupy. The higher this value,
          the less colors will be available to other
          programs.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>PrivateColorMap</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Applies only if you have a palette-based display, i.e.
          if your X server is set to a depth of 8bpp. It
          specifies that you don't want to use the shared color
          map, but a private color map, where all 256 colors are
          available. The disadvantage is that Wine's private
          color map is only seen while the mouse pointer is
          inside a Wine window, so psychedelic flashing and
          funky colors will become routine if you use the mouse
          a lot.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>Synchronous</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          To be used for debugging X11 operations.
        If Wine crashes with an X11 error, then you should enable
        Synchronous mode to disable X11 request caching in order
        to make sure that the X11 error happens directly after
        the corresponding X11 call in the log file appears.
        Will slow down X11 output!
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>ScreenDepth</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Applies only to multi-depth displays. It specifies
          which of the available depths Wine should use (and
          tell Windows apps about).
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>Display</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          This specifies which X11 display to use, and if
          specified, will override the
          <envar>DISPLAY</envar> environment variable.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term>PerfectGraphics</term>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          This option only determines whether fast X11 routines
          or exact Wine routines will be used for certain ROP
          codes in blit operations. Most users won't notice any
          difference.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>
</sect3>
</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Configuring the ttydrv graphics driver</title>
<para>
  Currently, the ttydrv doesn't have any special configuration
  options to set in the configuration file.
</para>
</sect2>

</sect1>

<sect1 id="config-windows-versions">

<title>Setting the Windows and DOS version value</title>

<para>
The windows and DOS version value a program gets e.g. by calling the
Windows function GetVersion() plays a very important role:
If your Wine installation for whatever reason fails to provide
to your program the correct version value that it expects,
then the program might assume some very bad things and fail (in
the worst case even silently!).

Fortunately Wine contains some more or less intelligent Windows
version guessing algorithm that will try to guess the Windows
version a program might expect and pass that one on to the
program.

Thus you should <emphasis>not</emphasis> lightly configure a version value, as this will be a "forced" value and thus turn out to be rather harmful to proper operation. In other words: only explicitly set a Windows version value in case Wine's own version detection was unable to provide the correct Windows version and the program fails.
</para>

<sect2>
<title>How to configure the Windows and DOS version value Wine
should return</title>

<para>
The version values can be configured in the wine configuration file in
the [Version] section.
</para>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>"Windows" = "&lt;version string&gt;"</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        default: none; chosen by semi-intelligent detection
        mechanism based on DLL environment.
        Used to specify which Windows version to return to
        programs  (forced  value, overrides standard detection
        mechanism!). Valid  settings are e.g. "win31", "win95",
        "win98",  "win2k",  "winxp".
        Also valid as an
        <link linkend="config-appdefaults">AppDefaults</link>
        setting (recommended/preferred use).
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>"DOS"="&lt;version string&gt;"</term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        Used to specify the DOS version that should be returned
        to programs. Only takes effect in case Wine acts as
        "win31" Windows version! Common DOS version settings
        include 6.22, 6.20, 6.00, 5.00, 4.00, 3.30, 3.10.
        Also valid as an
        <link linkend="config-appdefaults">AppDefaults</link>
        setting (recommended/preferred use).
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect2>
</sect1>

&fonts;
&printing;

    <sect1 id="config-scsi-support">
      <title>SCSI Support</title>
      <para>
        This file describes setting up the Windows ASPI interface.
        ASPI is a direct link to SCSI devices from windows programs. 
        ASPI just forwards the SCSI commands that programs send
        to it to the SCSI bus.
      </para>
      <para>
        If you use the wrong SCSI device in your setup file, you can send
        completely bogus commands to the wrong device - An example would be
        formatting your hard drives (assuming the device gave you permission -
        if you're running as root, all bets are off).
      </para>
      <para>
        So please make sure that <emphasis>all</emphasis> SCSI devices not needed by the program
        have their permissions set as restricted as possible!
      </para>

      <sect2>
        <title>Windows requirements</title>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              The software needs to use the "Adaptec"
              compatible drivers (ASPI). At least with Mustek, they
              allow you the choice of using the built-in card or the
              "Adaptec (AHA)" compatible drivers. This will not work
              any other way. Software that accesses the scanner via a
              DOS ASPI driver (e.g. ASPI2DOS) is supported, too.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              You probably need a real windows install of the software
              to set the LUN's/SCSI id's up correctly. I'm not exactly
              sure.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
      </sect2>

      <sect2>
        <title>Linux requirements</title>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Your SCSI card must be supported under Linux. This will
              not work with an unknown SCSI card. Even for cheap'n
              crappy "scanner only" controllers some special Linux
              drivers exist on the net.
              If you intend to use your IDE device, you need to use the
              ide-scsi emulation.
              Read
              <ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html">
                          http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html</ulink>
              for ide-scsi setup instructions.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Compile generic SCSI drivers into your kernel.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              This seems to be not required any more for newer (2.2.x) kernels:
              Linux by default uses smaller SCSI buffers than Windows.
              There is a kernel build define <literal>SG_BIG_BUFF</literal> (in
              <filename>sg.h</filename>) that is by default set too
              low. The SANE project recommends
              <literal>130560</literal> and this seems to work just
              fine. This does require a kernel rebuild.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Make the devices for the scanner (generic SCSI devices)
              - look at the SCSI programming HOWTO at
              <ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/SCSI-Programming-HOWTO.html">
                          http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/SCSI-Programming-HOWTO.html</ulink>
              for device numbering.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              I would recommend making the scanner device writable by
              a group. I made a group called
              <literal>scanner</literal> and added myself to it.
              Running as root increases your risk of sending bad SCSI
              commands to the wrong device. With a regular user, you
              are better protected.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              For Win32 software (WNASPI32), Wine has auto-detection in place.
              For Win16 software (WINASPI), you need to add a SCSI device entry
              for your particular scanner to ~/.wine/config. The format is
              <literal>[scsi cCtTdD]</literal> where
              <literal>"C" = "controller"</literal>,
              <literal>"T" = "target"</literal>, <literal>D=LUN</literal>
            </para>
            <para>
              For example, I set mine up as  controller <literal>0</literal>,
              Target <literal>6</literal>, LUN <literal>0</literal>.
              <programlisting>
[scsi c0t6d0]
"Device" = "/dev/sgi"
              </programlisting>
              Yours will vary with your particular SCSI setup.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
      </sect2>

      <sect2>
        <title>Notes</title>
        <para>
          The biggest drawback is that it only works under Linux at the moment.
          The ASPI code has only been tested with:
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              a Mustek 800SP with a Buslogic controller under Linux [BM]
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              a Siemens Nixdorf 9036 with Adaptec AVA-1505 under Linux
              accessed via DOSASPI. Note that I had color problems,
              though (barely readable result) [AM]
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              a Fujitsu M2513A MO drive (640MB) using generic SCSI
              drivers. Formatting and ejecting worked perfectly.
              Thanks to Uwe Bonnes for access to the hardware! [AM]
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </sect2>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="config-odbc">
      <title>Using ODBC</title>
      <para>
        This section describes how ODBC works within Wine and how to configure it.
      </para>
      <para>
        The ODBC system within Wine, as with the printing system, is designed
        to hook across to the Unix system at a high level.  Rather than
        ensuring that all the windows code works under wine it uses a suitable
        Unix ODBC provider, such as UnixODBC.  Thus if you configure Wine to
        use the built-in odbc32.dll, that Wine DLL will interface to your
        Unix ODBC package and let that do the work, whereas if you configure
        Wine to use the native odbc32.dll it will try to use the native
        ODBC32 drivers etc.
      </para>
      <sect2>
        <title>Using a Unix ODBC system with Wine</title>
        <para>
          The first step in using a Unix ODBC system with Wine is, of course,
          to get the Unix ODBC system working itself.  This may involve
          downloading code or RPMs etc.  There are several Unix ODBC systems
          available; the one the author is used to is unixODBC (with the
          IBM DB2 driver). Typically such systems will include a tool, such
          as <command>isql</command>, which will allow you to access the data from the command
          line so that you can check that the system is working.
        </para>
        <para>
          The next step is to hook the Unix ODBC library to the wine built-in
          odbc32 DLL.  The built-in odbc32 (currently) looks to the
          environment variable <emphasis>LIB_ODBC_DRIVER_MANAGER</emphasis>
          for the name of the ODBC library.  For example in the author's
          .bashrc file is the line:
        </para>
        <programlisting>
export LIB_ODBC_DRIVER_MANAGER=/usr/lib/libodbc.so.1.0.0
        </programlisting>
        <para>
          If that environment variable is not set then it looks for a
          library called libodbc.so and so you can add a symbolic link to
          equate that to your own library.  For example as root you could
          run the commands:
        </para>
        <screen>
<prompt># </prompt><userinput>ln -s libodbc.so.1.0.0 /usr/lib/libodbc.so</userinput>
<prompt># </prompt><userinput>/sbin/ldconfig</userinput>
        </screen>
        <para>
          The last step in configuring this is to ensure that Wine is set up
          to run the built-in version of odbc32.dll, by modifying the DLL
          configuration.  This built-in DLL merely acts as a stub between the
          calling code and the Unix ODBC library.
        </para>
        <para>
          If you have any problems then you can use WINEDEBUG=+odbc32 command
          before running wine to trace what is happening.  One word of 
          warning. Some programs actually cheat a little and bypass the ODBC 
          library. For example the Crystal Reports engine goes to the registry 
          to check on the DSN.  The fix for this is documented at unixODBC's
          site where there is a section on using unixODBC with Wine.
        </para>
      </sect2>
      <sect2>
        <title>Using Windows ODBC drivers</title>
        <para>
          Native ODBC drivers have been reported to work for many types of 
          databases including MSSQL and Oracle. In fact, some like MSSQL can 
          only be accessed on Linux through a Winelib app.   Rather than
          just copying DLL files, most ODBC drivers require a Windows-based
          installer to run to properly configure things such as registry keys.
        </para>
        <para>
          In order to set up MSSQL support you will first need to download
          and run the mdac_typ.exe installer from microsoft.com.  In order to 
          configure your ODBC connections you must then run CLICONFG.EXE and 
          ODBCAD32.EXE under Wine.  You can find them in the windows\system
          directory after mdac_typ runs.  Compare the output of these programs
          with the output on a native Windows machine.  Some things, such
          as protocols, may be missing because they rely on being installed
          along with the operating system.  If so, you may be able to copy
          missing functionality from an existing Windows installation as
          well as any registry values required.  A native Windows installation
          configured to be used by Wine should work the same way it did
          when run natively.
        </para>
        <para>
          Types successfully tested under wine:
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <thead>
              <row>
                <entry>DB Type</entry>
                <entry>Usefulness</entry>
              </row>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>MS SQL</entry>
                <entry>100%</entry>
              </row>
             </tbody>
           </tgroup>
         </informaltable>
        <para> 
          Please report any other successes to the
          <ulink url="mailto:wine-devel@winehq.org">wine-devel</ulink> 
          mailing list.
        </para>
      </sect2>
    </sect1>

  </chapter>

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