1 r=0.3458; % intrinsic rate of increase--Butterflies at Jasper Ridge
2 K=846.017; % carrying capacity
3 theta=1; % nonlinearity in density dependence
4 sigma2=1.1151; % environmental variance
5 Nc=94; % starting population size
6 Nx=20; % quasi-extinction threshold
7 tmax=20; % time horizon
8 NumReps=50000; % number of replicate population trajectories
10 randn('state',sum(100*clock)); % seed the random number generator
11 N=Nc*ones(1,NumReps); % all NumRep populations start at Nc
12 NumExtant=NumReps; % all populations are initially extant
13 Extant=[NumExtant]; % vector for number of extant pops. vs. time
14 for t=1:tmax, % For each future time,
15 N=N.*exp( r*( 1-(N/K).^theta )... % the theta logistic model
16 + sigma*randn(1,NumExtant) ); % with random environmental effects.
17 for i=NumExtant:-1:1, % Then, looping over all extant populations,
18 if N(i)<=Nx, % if at or below quasi-extinction threshold,
19 N(i)=[]; % delete the population.
22 NumExtant=length(N); % Count remaining extant populations
23 Extant=[Extant NumExtant]; % and store the result.
25 ProbExtinct=(NumReps-Extant)/NumReps;
26 plot([0:tmax],ProbExtinct)
27 xlabel('Years into the future');
28 ylabel('Cumulative probability of quasi-extinction');